The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stages of the Pathologic Process in Alzheimer Disease: Age Categories From 1 to 100 Years
Abstract
Two thousand three hundred and thirty two nonselected brains from 1- to 100-year-old individuals were examined using immunocytochemistry (AT8) and Gallyas silver staining for abnormal tau; immunocytochemistry (4G8) and Campbell-Switzer staining were used for the detection ofβ-amyloid. A total of 342 cases was negative in the Gallyas stain but when restaged for AT8 only 10 were immunonegative. Fifty-eight cases had subcortical tau predominantly in the locus coeruleus, but there was no abnormal cortical tau (subcortical Stages a-c). Cortical involvement (abnormal tau in neurites) was identified first in the transentorhinal region (Stage 1a, 38 cases). Transentorhinal pyramidal cells displayed pretangle material (Stage 1b, 236 cases). Pretangles gradually became argyrophilic neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that progressed in parallel with NFT Stages I to VI. Pretangles restricted to subcortical sites were seen chiefly at younger ages. Of the total cases, 1,031 (44.2%) had β-amyloid plaques. The first plaques occurred in the neocortex after the onset of tauopathy in the brainstem. Plaques generally developed in the 40s in 4% of all cases, culminating in their tenth decade (75%). β-amyloid plaques and NFTs were significantly correlated (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that tauopathy associated with sporadic Alzheimer disease may begin earlier than previously thought and possibly in the lower brainstem rather than in the transentorhinal region.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Up to 60% of CU individuals over age 80 years have AD neuropathologic changes at autopsy or by biomarkers [60,152,212–214].”
From NIA‐AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease (2018) · cites this paper as [213]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“screening revealed low rates of Braak 1–2 NFT stages in all three groups (Table 2), consistent with literature-based norms [3].”
From Tuberous sclerosis complex is associated with a novel human tauopathy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It should be noted that tau aggregation in the brain is associated with older age and is generally uncommon in healthy young adults (Braak et al., 2011; Crary et al., 2014).”
From Tauopathy and Epilepsy Comorbidities and Underlying Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as Braak et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It is expected that many persons die with brains that exhibit AD neuropathologic change in the preclinical phase of AD; indeed, data support the modeled expectations (44, 142).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Medial temporal and brainstem neurofibrillary changes were observed in our older TSC subjects, as expected, but at a rate comparable to that observed in the epilepsy and non-neurological control groups and age-based norms [3].”
From Tuberous sclerosis complex is associated with a novel human tauopathy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“In individuals with autosomal dominant mutations in genes coding for amyloid precursor protein (APP) or Presenilin 119 , alterations in Aβ generation that result in early deposition of plaque initiate the disease and patients invariably develop the full spectrum of tau pathology 120,121 .”
From The amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer disease: new insights from new therapeutics (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
In the citing paper
“NFTs first appear in layer II of the entorhinal cortex (EC) during AD onset.”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [231]
In the citing paper
“NFTs subsequently appear in interconnected anatomical regions within the brain, including the hippocampus and neocortex during neurodegenerative progression [229–231].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [231]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, it impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice and affects cortical thickness, brain activity, and mitochondrial function well before significant Aβ accumulation in the human brains [74–76].”
From Apolipoprotein E4, inhibitory network dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“Most of all, this binary threshold does not reflect the reality of amyloid β and tau pathology, which is continuous and present at a minimal extent in almost all people older than 70 years,17 with important discrepancies between pathology burden and clinical symptoms at intermediate extents (panel 2).”
From Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations of the International Working Group (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“For tau biomarkers, there is also a strong discrepancy between neuropathological identification (in post-mortem studies, the presence of tau Braak stages I–II is almost universal after age 70 years)17,19 and in-vivo measures of tau aggregates on PET (36% of individuals are tau positive after the age of 70 years23).”
From Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations of the International Working Group (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“The concordance of genetics and Aβ deposition is aligned with CPC studies that indicate that AβPs may be a temporally “upstream” feature of the neocortical disease, with the caveats that brainstem and medial temporal lobe pretangles and NFTs are seen in subjects without Aβ deposition in all age categories (33, 39, 44).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to NFTs, AβPs are extracellular (45, 46) and are found in a high proportion of all elderly persons but are not universal (44, 47, 48).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Recently, it has been reported that NFTs are also very common in certain brainstem nuclei in subjects without dementia (39-44).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Neurofibrillary pathology is observed in the human brain long before Aβ plaques develop (39, 44, 300).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Neuritic plaques seem to develop after diffuse AβPs and NFTs (44).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“At 40 years, all individuals studied by Braak and Del Tredici (39) and Braak et al (44) exhibited at least initial neurofibrillary pathology in the brainstem (Fig. 5).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123 · cited 2×
“The first lesions were usually seen in the transentorhinal region (2).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics
Hardy, J., & Selkoe, D. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072994 · Cited by 13,864
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777
Self-citationHypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Jagust, W. J., Shaw, L. M., Aisen, P. S., Weiner, M. W., Petersen, R. C., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70299-6 · Cited by 4,806
Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709 · Cited by 4,472
Phases of Aβ-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD
Thal, D. R., Rüb, U., Orantes, M., & Braak, H. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.12.1791 · Cited by 3,490
Self-citationBraak, H., Alafuzoff, I., Arzberger, T., Kretzschmar, H., & Del Tredici, K. (2006) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-006-0127-z · Cited by 3,172
Self-citationA Century of Alzheimer's Disease
Goedert, M., & Spillantini, M. G. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132814 · Cited by 2,153
The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition
Sara, S. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2573 · Cited by 1,848
Frequency of Stages of Alzheimer-Related Lesions in Different Age Categories
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00056-0 · Cited by 1,656
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,010
Song, Z., Farrell, M. E., Chen, X., & Park, D. C. (2018) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.021 · Cited by 25
Sinha, N., Reagh, Z. M., Tustison, N. J., Berg, C. N., Shaw, A., Myers, C. E., Hill, D., Yassa, M. A., & Gluck, M. A. (2018) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23042 · Cited by 25
Increased prevalence of granulovacuolar degeneration in C9orf72 mutation
Brainbank NeuroCEB Neuropathology Network, Riku, Y., Duyckaerts, C. J., Boluda, S., Plu, I., Ber, I. L., Millecamps, S., Salachas, F., Yoshida, M., Ando, T., et al. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-019-02028-6 · Cited by 25
Malpas, C. B., Sharmin, S., & Kalinčík, T. (2020) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2020.1758087 · Cited by 25
LoBue, C., Schaffert, J., Cullum, C. M., Peters, M. E., Didehbani, N., Hart, J., & White, C. L. (2020) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2019-321567 · Cited by 25
Risk for Misdiagnosing Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Men With Anger Control Problems
Iverson, G. L., & Gardner, A. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00739 · Cited by 25
Thal, D. R., Ronisz, A., Tousseyn, T., Upadhaya, A. R., Balakrishnan, K., Vandenberghe, R. R., Vandenbulcke, M., Arnim, C. A. F. V., Otto, M., Beach, T. G., et al. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-020-01005-5 · Cited by 25
Self-citationHary, A. T., Chadha, S., Mercaldo, N. D., Smith, E. N., van der Kouwe, A. J. W., Fischl, B. R., Mount, C., Kozanno, L. N., Frosch, M. P., & Augustinack, J. C. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-01957-6 · Cited by 24
Farghaly, T. A., Rehman, W. U., Khan, Y., & Sarfraz, H. (2025) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108812 · Cited by 24
Early Locus Coeruleus noradrenergic axon loss drives olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Meyer, C., Niedermeier, T., Feyen, P., Struebing, F. L., Rauchmann, B., Karali, K., Gentz, J., Tillmann, Y., Landgraf, N. F., Rumpf, S.-L., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62500-8 · Cited by 24
Presence of severe neuroinflammation does not intensify neurofibrillary degeneration in human brain
Streit, W. J., Xue, Q., Braak, H., & Tredici, K. D. (2013) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22589 · Cited by 24
Self-citationCommon aspects between glaucoma and brain neurodegeneration
Saccà, S. C., Paluan, F., Gandolfi, S., Manni, G., Cutolo, C. A., & Izzotti, A. (2020) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108323 · Cited by 25
Bangen, K. J., Initiative, A. D. N., Thomas, K. R., Sanchez, D. L., Edmonds, E. C., Weigand, A. J., Delano‐Wood, L., & Bondi, M. W. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201474 · Cited by 24
Luckey, A. M., Robertson, I. H., LAWLOR, B. A., Mohan, A., & Vanneste, S. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210404 · Cited by 24
Common Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis—Pathomechanism and Treatment
Trzeciak, P., Herbet, M., & Dudka, J. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26196038 · Cited by 24
Ricci, M., Cimini, A., Camedda, R., Chiaravalloti, A., & Schillaci, O. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222313002 · Cited by 24
Strain, J. F., Brier, M. R., Tanenbaum, A., Gordon, B. A., McCarthy, J. E., Dincer, A., Marcus, D. S., Chhatwal, J. P., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Day, G. S., et al. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119511 · Cited by 24
Emery, D. C., Davies, M., Cerajewska, T. L., Taylor, J., Hazell, M., Paterson, A. R., Allen, S. J., & West, N. X. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1026260 · Cited by 24
Amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease – front and centre after all?
Weglinski, C., & Jeans, A. F. (2022) · Neuronal Signaling · doi:10.1042/ns20220086 · Cited by 24
Alzheimer’s disease is an inherent, natural part of human brain aging: an integrated perspective
Ferrer, I. (2022) · Free Neuropathology · doi:10.17879/freeneuropathology-2022-3806 · Cited by 25
A Scoping Review of Alzheimers Disease Hypotheses: An Array of Uni- and Multi-Factorial Theories
Duchesne, S., Rousseau, L., Belzile, F., Welch, L., Cournoyer, B., Arseneau, M., Lapierre, V., Poulin, S., Potvin, O., & Hudon, C. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230772 · Cited by 24
Role of tau versus TDP‐43 pathology on medial temporal lobe atrophy in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Wisse, L. E. M., Wuestefeld, A., Murray, M. E., Jagust, W. J., & Joie, R. L. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14582 · Cited by 24
The science and questions surrounding chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Ban, V. S., Madden, C. J., Bailes, J. E., Batjer, H. H., & Lonser, R. R. (2016) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2016.2.focus15609 · Cited by 24
Mura, T., Baramova, M., Gabelle, A., Artéro, S., Dartigues, J., Amieva, H., & Berr, C. (2017) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-016-0230-x · Cited by 24
Ma, H. R., Pan, P. L., Sheng, L. Q., Dai, Z. Y., Wang, G. D., Luo, R., Chen, J. H., Xiao, P. R., Zhong, J. G., & Shi, H. C. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21475 · Cited by 24
Herpes Simplex Virus, Alzheimer’s Disease and a Possible Role for Rab GTPases
Bearer, E. L., & Wu, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2019.00134 · Cited by 24
TauIQ: A Canonical Image Based Algorithm to Quantify Tau PET Scans
Whittington, A., Gunn, R. N., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2021) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.120.258962 · Cited by 24
Emergent creativity in frontotemporal dementia
Geser, F., Jellinger, K. A., Fellner, L., Wenning, G. K., Yilmazer‐Hanke, D., & Haybaeck, J. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02325-z · Cited by 24
Květňanský, R., Novák, P., Vargovič, P., Lejavová, K., Horváthová, Ľ., Ondičová, K., Manz, G., Filipčík, P., Novák, M., & Mravec, B. (2016) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2016.1183119 · Cited by 24
The Locus Coeruleus: Where Cognitive and Emotional Processing Meet the Eye
Huang, R., & Clewett, D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54896-3_1 · Cited by 23
Kshirsagar, S., Reddy, A. P., & Reddy, P. H. (2025) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2025.102038 · Cited by 23
Zappettini, S., Faivre, É., Ghestem, A., Carrier, S., Buée, L., Blum, D. L., Esclapez, M., & Bernard, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00438 · Cited by 23
Campese, N., Palermo, G., Gamba, C. D., Beatino, M. F., Galgani, A., Belli, E., Prete, E. D., Vecchia, A. D., Vergallo, A., Siciliano, G., et al. (2021) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1080/14789450.2021.1886929 · Cited by 23
Woelfle, S., & Boeckers, T. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.789903 · Cited by 23
Taddei, R. N., Sanchez-Mico, M. V., Bonnar, O., Connors, T. R., Gaona, A., Denbow, D., Frosch, M. P., & Gómez‐Isla, T. (2022) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-022-01370-3 · Cited by 23
Effect of ivabradine on cognitive functions of rats with scopolamine-induced dementia
Assi, A.-A. A., Abdelnabi, S., Attaai, A., & Abd-ellatief, R. B. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20963-5 · Cited by 23
Hippocampal subfield associations with memory depend on stimulus modality and retrieval mode
Aumont, É., Bussy, A., Bédard, M., Bezgin, G., Therriault, J., Savard, M., Arias, J. F., Sziklas, V., Vitali, P., Poltronetti, N. M., et al. (2023) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad309 · Cited by 23
The clinical importance of suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology
Vos, S. J. B., Delvenne, A., Jack, C. R., Thal, D. R., & Visser, P. J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-024-00962-y · Cited by 23
Self-citationSu, J., Xiao, Y., Wang, X., Zheng, J., & Wang, J. (2024) · Medicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.medp.2024.100060 · Cited by 23
A novel approach for integrative studies on neurodegenerative diseases in human brains
Theofilas, P., Polichiso, L., Wang, X., Lima, L. C., Alho, A. T. D. L., Leite, R. E. P., Suemoto, C. K., Pasqualucci, C. A., Filho, W. J., Heinsen, H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.030 · Cited by 23
Two Alzheimer’s disease risk genes increase entorhinal cortex volume in young adults
DiBattista, A. M., Stevens, B. W., Rebeck, G. W., & Green, A. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00779 · Cited by 23
Dávila-Bouziguet, E., Fabra, G. T., Ávila, J., Soriano, E., & Pascual, M. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.006 · Cited by 23
The role of annealing and fragmentation in human tau aggregation dynamics
Huseby, C. J., Bundschuh, R. A., & Kuret, J. (2019) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.006943 · Cited by 23
Fu, Z., Zhao, M., Wang, X., He, Y., Tian, Y., Yang, Y., Han, Y., & Li, S. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201116 · Cited by 23
Elevated Norepinephrine Metabolism Gauges Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Pathology and Memory Decline
Riphagen, J. M., Egroo, M. V., & Jacobs, H. I. L. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201411 · Cited by 23
Tau assemblies do not behave like independently acting prion-like particles in mouse neural tissue
Mukadam, A. S., Miller, L. V. C., Durrant, C. S., Vaysburd, M. J., Katsinelos, T., Tuck, B. J., Sanford, S., Sheppard, O., Knox, C., Cheng, S., et al. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01141-6 · Cited by 23
Mesial temporal tau in amyloid-β-negative cognitively normal older persons
Krishnadas, N., Doré, V., Groot, C., Lamb, F., Bourgeat, P., Burnham, S. C., Huang, K., Goh, A., Masters, C. L., Villemagne, V. L., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-00993-x · Cited by 23
Diverse ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neuron activity across species and biological factorsPreprint
Kelberman, M. A., Rodberg, E. M., Munn, B. R., Arabzadeh, E., Bair-Marshall, C. J., Berridge, C. W., Berrocoso, E., Breton‐Provencher, V., Chandler, D. J., Che, A., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618224 · Cited by 23
Munro, C. E., Farrell, M. E., Hanseeuw, B. J., Rentz, D. M., Buckley, R. F., Properzi, M. J., Yuan, Z., Vannini, P., Amariglio, R. E., Quiroz, Y. T., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27248 · Cited by 22
Donaldson, A. I. C., Fyfe, C., Martin, J. C., SMITH, E., Horgan, G. W., Myint, P. K., Johnstone, A. M., & Scott, K. P. (2025) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics10020037 · Cited by 22
A typology of clinical conditions
Tresker, S. (2020) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101291 · Cited by 22
Blessing, E., Parekh, A., Betensky, R. A., Babb, J. S., Saba, N., Debure, L., Varga, A. W., Ayappa, I. A., Rapoport, D. M., Butler, T., et al. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105748 · Cited by 22
Li, J., Zeng, Q., Luo, X., Li, K., Liu, X., Hong, L., Zhang, X., Zhong, S., Qiu, T., Liu, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230503 · Cited by 22
Gallagher, R. L., Koscik, R. L., Moody, J. F., Vogt, N. M., Adluru, N., Kecskemeti, S., Hulle, C. A. V., Chin, N. A., Asthana, S., Kollmorgen, G., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01281-y · Cited by 22
Network medicine-based epistasis detection in complex diseases: ready for quantum computing
Hoffmann, M., Poschenrieder, J., Incudini, M., Baier, S., Fritz, A., Maier, A., Hartung, M., Hoffmann, C., Trummer, N., Adamowicz, K., et al. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae697 · Cited by 22
Gidyk, D. C., Deibel, S. H., Hong, N. S., & McDonald, R. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00245 · Cited by 22
Mitew, S., Kirkcaldie, M., Dickson, T. C., & Vickers, J. C. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2013.00030 · Cited by 22
Iatrou, A., Kenis, G., Rutten, B. P. F., Lunnon, K., & van den Hove, D. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2361-4 · Cited by 22
Koss, D. J., Dubini, M., Buchanan, H. M., Hull, C. E., & Platt, B. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.014 · Cited by 22
Hypermetabolic Cerebellar Connectome in Alzheimer's Disease
Gupta, V. K., Booth, S., Ko, J. H., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2021) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2020.0937 · Cited by 22
Mukherjee, J., Liang, C., Patel, K. K., Lam, P. Q., & Mondal, R. (2020) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.22183 · Cited by 22
Rubin, K., & Glazer, S. (2016) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2016.09.017 · Cited by 22
Popelová, A., Pražienková, V., Neprašová, B., Kasperová, B. J., Hrubá, L., Holubová, M., Zemenová, J., Blum, D. L., Železná, B., Galas, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171041 · Cited by 22
Modulation of microRNAs through Lifestyle Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Pinto-Hernandez, P., Castilla-Silgado, J., Coto-Vilcapoma, A., Fernández-Sanjurjo, M., Fernández-García, B., Tomás-Zapico, C., & Iglesias-Gutiérrez, E. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15173688 · Cited by 22
Continuous Monitoring of Tau-Induced Neurotoxicity in Patient-Derived iPSC-Neurons
Oakley, D. H., Klickstein, N., Commins, C., Chung, M., Dujardin, S., Bennett, R. E., Hyman, B. T., & Frosch, M. P. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2590-20.2021 · Cited by 18
Chen, G., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Hong, D. K., Ahn, E. H., Liu, X., Kang, S. S., & Ye, K. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.12.015 · Cited by 21
Current Understanding of Protein Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hu, C., Lin, M., Wang, C., & Zhang, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262110568 · Cited by 21
γ‐Secretase in microglia – implications for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation
Walter, J., Kemmerling, N., Wunderlich, P., & Glebov, K. (2017) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14224 · Cited by 21
The Upper Motor Neuron—Improved Knowledge from ALS and Related Clinical Disorders
Menon, P., & Vucic, S. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11080958 · Cited by 21
Pelgrim, T. A. D., Beran, M., Twait, E. L., Geerlings, M. I., & Vonk, J. M. J. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101449 · Cited by 21
Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Meta-Analysis
Noronha, O., Mesarosovo, L., Anink, J. J., Iyer, A., Aronica, E., & Mills, J. D. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13061034 · Cited by 21
Longitudinal CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarker changes from middle age to late adulthood
Pettigrew, C. A., Soldan, A., Wang, J., Wang, M., Greenberg, B., Albert, M., & Moghekar, A. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12374 · Cited by 21
Sun, Y., Zhao, Y., Hu, K., Wang, M., Liu, Y., Liu, B., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02328-2 · Cited by 24
Mondal, R., Sandhu, Y. K., Kamalia, V. M., Delaney, B. A., Syed, A. U., Nguyen, G. A. H., Moran, T. R., Limpengco, R. R., Liang, C., & Mukherjee, J. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041033 · Cited by 21
Pisani, F., Pisani, V., Arcangeli, F., Harding, A., & Singhrao, S. K. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20116049 · Cited by 21
Prokopiou, P. C., Engels, N., Schultz, A. P., Sepulcre, J., Koops, E. A., Papp, K. V., Marshall, G. A., Normandin, M. D., Fakhri, G. E., Rentz, D. M., et al. (2023) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000207646 · Cited by 21
LATE‐NC in Alzheimer's disease: Molecular aspects and synergies
Tomé, S. O., Gawor, K., & Thal, D. R. (2023) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13213 · Cited by 21
Self-citationAlzheimer’s disease: an axonal injury disease?
Liang, D., & Zhang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1264448 · Cited by 21
Ramsden, C. E., Zamora, D., Horowitz, M. S., Jahanipour, J., Calzada, E., Li, X., Keyes, G. S., Murray, H. C., Curtis, M. A., Faull, R. L. M., et al. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01693-9 · Cited by 21
Neuronal MAPT expression is mediated by long-range interactions with cis-regulatory elements
Rogers, B. B., Anderson, A. G., Lauzon, S. N., Davis, M. N., Hauser, R. M., Roberts, S. C., Rodríguez-Nunez, I., Trausch‐Lowther, K., Barinaga, E. A., Hall, P. I., et al. (2024) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.015 · Cited by 21
Rodent Models of Alzheimer’s Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects
Collins, H. M., & Greenfield, S. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25116222 · Cited by 21
The Relationship between Amyloid Deposition, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Decline in Dementia
Vandenberghe, R. R. (2014) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-014-0498-9 · Cited by 21
Quitschke, W. W., Steinhauff, N., & Rooney, J. (2013) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt170 · Cited by 21
Brain rhythm attractor breakdown in Alzheimer’s disease: Functional and pathologic implications
Karageorgiou, E., & Vossel, K. A. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.02.003 · Cited by 21
Tauopathies: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies
Tan, C., Zhang, X.-Y., Tan, L., & Yu, J. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170187 · Cited by 21
Soontornniyomkij, V., Moore, D. J., Gouaux, B. D., Soontornniyomkij, B., Sinsheimer, J. S., & Levine, A. J. (2019) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-019-00761-y · Cited by 21
Egroo, M. V., Narbutas, J., Chylinski, D., González, P. V., Ghaemmaghami, P., Muto, V., Schmidt, C., Gaggioni, G., Besson, G., Pépin, X., et al. (2019) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0693-y · Cited by 21
for ADNI; for the INSIGHT-preAD study group, Gagliardi, G. P., Houot, M., Cacciamani, F., Habert, M., Dubois, B., & Epelbaum, S. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00626-1 · Cited by 21
Kolen, K. V., Malia, T., Theunis, C., Nanjunda, R. K., Teplyakov, A., Ernst, R., Wu, S., Luo, J., Borgers, M., Vandermeeren, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200544 · Cited by 21
Mixed Brain Pathology Is the Most Common Cause of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Alafuzoff, I. I., & Libard, S. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200925 · Cited by 21
Zhang, Q., Wu, Y. H., & Liu, E. (2021) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5615 · Cited by 21
Polak, T. T., Dresler, T., Zeller, J. B. M., Warrings, B., Scheuerpflug, P., Fallgatter, A. J., Deckert, J., & Metzger, F. G. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0415-2 · Cited by 21
Xu, W., Lopez-Guzman, M., Schoen, C. B., Fitzgerald, S. M., Lauer, S. L., Nixon, R. A., Levy, E., & Wilson, D. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106431 · Cited by 21
Parker, D. M., Adams, J. N., Kim, S., McMillan, L. C., Yassa, M. A., & Initiative, T. A. D. N. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.950 · Cited by 20
Lu, A., Chen, W.-T., Dalby, M., García, D. S., Vanheusden, M., de Vries, L. E., van Lieshout, V., Martirosyan, A., Craessaerts, K., Moonen, S., et al. (2026) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04393-8 · Cited by 22
Self-citationNanomedicine against Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Tandon, A., Singh, S. J., & Chaturvedi, R. K. (2020) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612826666201021140904 · Cited by 20
Bachstetter, A. D., Garrett, F. G., Jicha, G. A., & Nelson, P. T. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01152-3 · Cited by 20
Orzyłowska, A., & Oakden, W. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12010053 · Cited by 20
Helboe, L., Rosenqvist, N., Volbracht, C., Pedersen, L. Ø., Pedersen, J. T., Christensen, S., Egebjerg, J., Christoffersen, C. T., Bang‐Andersen, B., Beach, T. G., et al. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220125 · Cited by 20
Nakagawa, Y., & Yamada, S. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-022-01234-3 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Braak, H., Thal, D. R., Ghebremedhin, E., & Del Tredici, K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Braak, Heiko
- Venue
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 960-969
- ISSN
- 0022-3069 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6578
- OpenAlex
- W1993023011
- Cited by
- 2,194
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 192 · 2024: 260 · 2023: 233 · 2022: 192 · 2021: 235 · 2020: 182 · 2019: 144 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 41.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer Forschung Initiative (10810)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TH624 4–1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, pathological staging, tauopathy, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, locus coeruleus, brainstem, sporadic Alzheimer's disease, AT8 antibody
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Neurons, Cohort Studies, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Silver Staining, Neurofibrillary Tangles, tau Proteins, Disease Progression, Statistics, Nonparametric, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
