Motives for nonsuicidal self-injury among women with borderline personality disorder
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are known to use nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a dysfunctional strategy to regulate intense emotions. The primary purpose of this study was to clarify the motives for NSSI along with their interrelations. We further investigated the variety of emotions preceding NSSI and possible effects of NSSI on these emotions. To this end, a structured self-rating questionnaire on NSSI was administered to 101 female BPD-patients exhibiting NSSI. Most patients reported multiple motives for NSSI. The motives were more likely to compound than to exclude one another. Negative reinforcement was almost always involved in NSSI, whereas positive reinforcement (e.g., "getting a kick") played an additional role among about half of the patients. NSSI was usually preceded by a large variety of negative feelings that were reported to clearly improve with NSSI. In conclusion, therapists should anticipate a multidimensional functional spectrum when exploring motives of NSSI.
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Intentional self-injury usually serves to reduce negative affect in people with borderline personality disorder.
“More generally, intentional self-injury most often functions to alleviate negative affect among individuals with BPD (Brown, Comtois, & Linehan, 2002; Kleindienst et al., 2008), and PTSD has been found to increase negative affect and emotion dysregulation in BPD patients (Harned et al., 2010; Marshall-Berenz, Morrison, Schumacher, & Coffey, 2011).”
From A pilot randomized controlled trial of Dialectical Behavior Therapy with and without the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Prolonged Exposure protocol for suicidal and self-injuring women with borderline personality disorder and PTSD (2014) · cites this paper as Kleindienst et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Kleindienst, N., Bohus, M., Ludäscher, P., Limberger, M. F., Kuenkele, K., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., Chapman, A. L., Reicherzer, M., Stieglitz, R.-D., & Schmahl, C.
- Affiliations
- Central Institute of Mental Health (DE)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Kleindienst, Nikolaus
- Bohus, Martin
- Ludäscher, Petra
- Limberger, Matthias F.
- Kuenkele, Katrin
- Schmahl, Christian
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 196
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 230-236
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976154110
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 12.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- non-suicidal self-injury, borderline personality disorder, women, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, emotion regulation, negative emotions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Behavior Therapy, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Motivation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reinforcement, Psychology, Self-Injurious Behavior, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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