CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 161Personality Disorders and PsychopathologySuicide and Self-Harm StudiesMental Health Research Topics

Emotion Differentiation as a Protective Factor Against Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Borderline Personality Disorder

Zaki, Landon F., Coifman, Karin G., Rafaeli, Eshkol, Berenson, Kathy R., Downey, Geraldine·2013·Behavior Therapy
DOI 10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.008
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Evidence that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) serves a maladaptive emotion regulation function in borderline personality disorder (BPD) has drawn attention to processes that may increase risk for NSSI by exacerbating negative emotion, such as rumination. However, more adaptive forms of emotion processing, including differentiating broad emotional experiences into nuanced emotion categories, might serve as a protective factor against NSSI. Using an experience-sampling diary, the present study tested whether differentiation of negative emotion was associated with lower frequency of NSSI acts and urges in 38 individuals with BPD who reported histories of NSSI. Participants completed a dispositional measure of rumination and a 21-day experience-sampling diary, which yielded an index of negative emotion differentiation and frequency of NSSI acts and urges. A significant rumination by negative emotion differentiation interaction revealed that rumination predicted higher rates of NSSI acts and urges in participants with difficulty differentiating their negative emotions. The results extend research on emotion differentiation into the clinical literature and provide empirical support for clinical theories that suggest emotion identification and labeling underlie strategies for adaptive self-regulation and decreased NSSI risk in BPD.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.008

Cites

73 of 73 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In an EMA study with 38 participants diagnosed with BPD, emotion differentiation moderated the relationship between rumination and nonsuicidal self-injury, such that higher rumination was not predictive of self-injury among those high in emotion differentiation, but it was among those low in differentiation.

    “Results indicated that higher rumination was not predictive of self-injury among those high in emotion differentiation, but it was among those low in differentiation (Zaki et al., 2013).”

    From Decoupling as a Mechanism of Change in Mindfulness and Acceptance: A Literature Review (2015) · cites this paper as Zaki et al., 2013

  • In clinical groups, better ability to label and differentiate between negative emotions is associated with decreased likelihood of NSSI.

    “In clinical groups, better ability to label and differentiate between negative emotions is associated with decreased likelihood of NSSI [24].”

    From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [24]

  • Previous longitudinal studies found that urges to self-harm were associated with a combination of rumination and low emotion differentiation.

    “Previous longitudinal studies found that urges to self-harm were associated with a combination of rumination and low emotion differentiation (Zaki et al., 2013).”

    From A multi‐method evaluation of a compassion‐focused cognitive behavioural psychotherapy group for people who self‐harm. (2022) · cites this paper as Zaki et al., 2013

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Zaki, L. F., Coifman, K. G., Rafaeli, E., Berenson, K. R., & Downey, G.
Affiliations
  • Yeshiva University (US)
  • Kent State University (US)
  • Bar-Ilan University (IL)
  • Gettysburg College (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
Zaki, Landon F.
ORCID
Venue
Behavior Therapy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-09
Volume
44
Issue
3
Pages
529-540
ISSN
0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.008
OpenAlex
W1996758779
Cited by
161
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2012: 2
FWCI
12.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College (Gettysburg College) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords
non-suicidal self-injury, borderline personality disorder, emotion differentiation, rumination, emotion regulation, negative emotions, protective factors, emotion recognition, emotion labeling, self-regulation
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Borderline Personality Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Personality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Injurious Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review