Catastrophizing, pain, and pain interference in individuals with disabilities
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of sex and disability on catastrophizing, pain intensity, and pain interference in individuals with a spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Two hundred forty-eight community-dwelling adults with a physical disability (spinal cord injury, n = 124; multiple sclerosis, n = 124) and chronic pain completed measures of demographic and clinical characteristics, pain intensity and interference, psychologic functioning, and pain catastrophizing. RESULTS: Men reported marginally greater catastrophizing (P < 0.10) than did the women across both disability groups; however, there was no significant difference in catastrophizing between the disability groups. Catastrophizing was the only significant predictor of pain intensity in the multivariate regression analysis, with greater catastrophizing associated with greater pain. Pain intensity and catastrophizing were the only significant variables in the regression analyses predicting pain interference and psychologic functioning; as hypothesized, greater pain intensity and catastrophizing were associated with more pain interference and poorer psychologic functioning. There was also a trend (P < 0.10) for women, relative to men, to have a stronger association between catastrophizing and pain interference. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with a biopsychosocial conceptualization of pain and functioning in individuals with chronic pain secondary to a physical disability. In addition, these data suggest that assessment and treatment (when indicated) of catastrophizing should be a regular part of the clinical management of these patients.
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Musculoskeletal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal, neuropathic, facial pain, and headache are all more prevalent in females than males.
“musculoskeletal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal, neuropathic, facial pain and headache are all more prevalent among females compared to males 156–160.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [160]
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- Authors
- Hirsh, A. T., Bockow, T. B., & Jensen, M. P.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hirsh, Adam T.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 713-722
- ISSN
- 0894-9115 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3153610
- OpenAlex
- W1995195662
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Washington
- National Institutes of Health (P01 HD33988)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD033988, P01 HD 33988, T32HD007424)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- pain catastrophizing, pain intensity, pain interference, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, physical disability, sex differences, chronic pain, biopsychosocial model of pain
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Pain, Pain Measurement, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Spinal Cord Injuries, Catastrophization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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