Influence of Psychological Stress on Upper Respiratory Infection—A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Pedersen, Anette; Zachariae, Robert; Bovbjerg, Dana H.

doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181f1d003

Cited by 137Stress Responses and CortisolCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune ResponseTryptophan and brain disorders

Influence of Psychological Stress on Upper Respiratory Infection—A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Pedersen, Anette, Zachariae, Robert, Bovbjerg, Dana H.·2010·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/psy.0b013e3181f1d003

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the available evidence for the hypothesis that reduced resistance caused by psychological stress may influence the development of clinical disease in those exposed to an infectious agent. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 prospective studies examining the association between psychological stress and subsequent upper respiratory infection (URI). RESULTS: The results revealed a significant overall main effect of psychological stress on the risk of developing URI (effect size correlation coefficient, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.27). Further analyses showed that effect sizes for the association did not vary according to type of stress, how URI was assessed, or whether the studies had controlled for preexposure. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analytical findings confirmed the hypothesis that psychological stress is associated with increased susceptibility to URI, lending support to an emerging appreciation of the potential importance of psychological factors in infectious disease.

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This association has been replicated in cross-sectional and prospective studies conducted in natural settings.
“This association has been replicated in cross-sectional and prospective studies conducted in natural settings (18).”
From Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk (2012) · cites this paper as [18]
Stress may have a deleterious effect on the immune system, including increased susceptibility to viral upper respiratory infections.
“Furthermore, stress may have a deleterious effect on the immune system (Cohen et al., 2007), such as increased susceptibility to viral upper respiratory infections (Pedersen et al., 2010), which is a particular concern as regards COVID-19.”
From Feasibility of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Pedersen et al., 2010

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Authors: Pedersen, A., Zachariae, R., & Bovbjerg, D. H.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: Zachariae, Robert
ORCID: Pedersen, Anette
Zachariae, Robert
Bovbjerg, Dana H.
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2010-10
Volume: 72
Issue: 8
Pages: 823-832
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e3181f1d003
OpenAlex: W2043724834
Cited by: 137
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 0.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: psychological stress, upper respiratory tract infection, infection susceptibility, stress and immunity, infection risk
MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychoneuroimmunology, Respiratory Tract Infections, Stress, Psychological

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Influence of Psychological Stress on Upper Respiratory Infection—A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

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