Quantum computational networks
Abstract
The theory of quantum computational networks is the quantum generalization of the theory of logic circuits used in classical computing machines. Quantum gates are the generalization of classical logic gates. A single type of gate, the universal quantum gate, together with quantum ‘unit wires’, is adequate for constructing networks with any possible quantum computational property.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Toffoli (and single) gates are universal.
“First, Toffoli (and single) gates are universal [33][34][35].”
From Time–space complexity of quantum search algorithms in symmetric cryptanalysis: applying to AES and SHA-2 (2018) · cites this paper as [33]
A sequence of quantum-phase gates supplemented by one-bit rotations in the (a,b) subspaces could serve as a universal element for quantum computation.
“A sequence of such gates (supplemented by one bit rotations in the (a; b) subspaces) could be combined to serve as a universal element for quantum computation [9].”
From Measurement of Conditional Phase Shifts for Quantum Logic (1995) · cites this paper as [9]
A random bilateral rotation on each shared pair transforms any initial general two-spin mixed state M into a rotationally symmetric Werner state W_F of the same purity F.
“Because of the singlet's invariance under bilateral rotations, the symmetrized state W F , which we shall call a Werner state [7] of purity F , has the same F as the initial mixed state M from which it was derived.”
From Purification of Noisy Entanglement and Faithful Teleportation via Noisy Channels (1996) · cites this paper as [7]
Cites
Quantum theory, the Church–Turing principle and the universal quantum computer
Deutsch, D. (1985) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1985.0070 · Cited by 4,597 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem
Ekert, A. K. (1991) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.661 · Cited by 10,777 · see citing works
Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring
Shor, P. W. (2002) · Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science · doi:10.1109/sfcs.1994.365700 · Cited by 8,713 · see citing works
Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer
Shor, P. W. (1997) · SIAM Journal on Computing · doi:10.1137/s0097539795293172 · Cited by 8,472 · see citing works
Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory
Shor, P. W. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.52.r2493 · Cited by 4,479 · see citing works
Raussendorf, R., & Briegel, H. J. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.5188 · Cited by 4,477 · see citing works
Elementary gates for quantum computation
Barenco, A., Bennett, C. H., Cleve, R., DiVincenzo, D. P., Margolus, N., Shor, P., Sleator, T., Smolin, J. A., & Weinfurter, H. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.52.3457 · Cited by 4,311 · see citing works
Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer
Shor, P. W. (1999) · SIAM Review · doi:10.1137/s0036144598347011 · Cited by 3,904 · see citing works
Quantum information with continuous variables
Braunstein, S. L., & van Loock, P. (2005) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.77.513 · Cited by 3,858 · see citing works
Quantum Computations with Cold Trapped Ions
Cirac, J. I., & Zoller, P. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.74.4091 · Cited by 3,733 · see citing works
Lloyd, S. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5278.1073 · Cited by 3,088 · see citing works
Purification of Noisy Entanglement and Faithful Teleportation via Noisy Channels
Bennett, C. H., Brassard, G., Popescu, S., Schumacher, B., Smolin, J. A., & Wootters, W. K. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.76.722 · Cited by 2,961 · see citing works
Measurement-based quantum computation on cluster states
Raussendorf, R., Browne, D. E., & Briegel, H. J. (2003) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.68.022312 · Cited by 1,655 · see citing works
DiVincenzo, D. P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5234.255 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works
Demonstration of a Fundamental Quantum Logic Gate
Monroe, C., Meekhof, D. M., King, B. E., Itano, W. M., & Wineland, D. J. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.4714 · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Albash, T., & Lidar, D. A. (2018) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.90.015002 · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works
Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantum Computing
Bennett, C. H., Bernstein, E., Brassard, G., & Vazirani, U. (1997) · SIAM Journal on Computing · doi:10.1137/s0097539796300933 · Cited by 1,470 · see citing works
Quantum computations: algorithms and error correction
Kitaev, A. Y. (1997) · Russian Mathematical Surveys · doi:10.1070/rm1997v052n06abeh002155 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Quantum computation and Shor's factoring algorithm
Ekert, A., & Jozsa, R. (1996) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.68.733 · Cited by 1,354 · see citing works
Bernstein, E., & Vazirani, U. (1993) · Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing - STOC '93 · doi:10.1145/167088.167097 · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
Quantum computing with trapped ions
HAFFNER, H., ROOS, C., & BLATT, R. (2008) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2008.09.003 · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
Ultimate physical limits to computation
Lloyd, S. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35023282 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
Measurement-based quantum computation
Briegel, H. J., Browne, D. E., Dür, W., Raussendorf, R., & Van den Nest, M. (2009) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1157 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
Two-bit gates are universal for quantum computation
DiVincenzo, D. P. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.51.1015 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
Bravyi, S. B., & Kitaev, A. Y. (2002) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1006/aphy.2002.6254 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Simulation of Many-Body Fermi Systems on a Universal Quantum Computer
Abrams, D. S., & Lloyd, S. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.2586 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Fault-tolerant quantum computation with constant error
Aharonov, D., & Ben-Or, M. (1997) · Proceedings of the twenty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing - STOC '97 · doi:10.1145/258533.258579 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
A Modular Functor Which is Universal¶for Quantum Computation
Freedman, M. H., Larsen, M., & Wang, Z. (2002) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/s002200200645 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Universal Blind Quantum Computation
Broadbent, A., Fitzsimons, J., & Kashefi, E. (2009) · 2009 50th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science · doi:10.1109/focs.2009.36 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Direct Estimations of Linear and Nonlinear Functionals of a Quantum State
Ekert, A. K., Alves, C. M., Oi, D. K. L., Horodecki, M., Horodecki, P., & Kwek, L. C. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.217901 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Geometric theory of nonlocal two-qubit operations
Zhang, J., Vala, J., Sastry, S., & Whaley, K. B. (2003) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.67.042313 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Simulating Chemistry Using Quantum Computers
Kassal, I., Whitfield, J. D., Perdomo-Ortiz, A., Yung, M.-H., & Aspuru-Guzik, A. (2011) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103512 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Quantum algorithms for algebraic problems
Childs, A. M., & van Dam, W. (2010) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.1 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Quantum annealing for industry applications: introduction and review
Yarkoni, S., Raponi, E., Bäck, T., & Schmitt, S. (2022) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ac8c54 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Quantum Circuits That Can Be Simulated Classically in Polynomial Time
Valiant, L. G. (2002) · SIAM Journal on Computing · doi:10.1137/s0097539700377025 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Efficient networks for quantum factoring
Beckman, D., Chari, A. N., Devabhaktuni, S., & Preskill, J. (1996) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.54.1034 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Information flow in entangled quantum systems
Deutsch, D., & Hayden, P. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.2000.0585 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationDanos, V., Kashefi, E., & Panangaden, P. (2007) · Journal of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1219092.1219096 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Jones, J. A. (2001) · Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/s0079-6565(00)00033-9 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Calculating the thermal rate constant with exponential speedup on a quantum computer
Lidar, D. A., & Wang, H. (1999) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.59.2429 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Biology and medicine in the landscape of quantum advantages
Cordier, B. A., Sawaya, N. P. D., Guerreschi, G. G., & McWeeney, S. K. (2022) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2022.0541 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Fundamentals of universality in one-way quantum computation
Nest, M. V. D., Dür, W., Miyake, A., & Briegel, H. J. (2007) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/204 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kim, P., Han, D., & Jeong, K. C. (2018) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-018-2107-3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Five two-qubit gates are necessary for implementing the Toffoli gate
Yu, N., Duan, R., & Ying, M. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.88.010304 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Browne, D., & Briegel, H. (2016) · Quantum Information · doi:10.1002/9783527805785.ch21 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bédard, C. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0602 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Deutsch, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Deutsch, David Elieser
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 1989-09-08
- Volume
- 425
- Issue
- 1868
- Pages
- 73-90
- ISSN
- 0080-4630 (ISSN-L)
- 2053-9169
- OpenAlex
- W2101088258
- Semantic Scholar
- 539357be9d9b2939ccc15a83f3a177cd28caa04d
- Cited by
- 1,270
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- quantum gates, universal quantum gates, quantum circuits, quantum computing, logic circuits
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review