The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Four centuries of geomagnetic secular variation from historical records
Abstract
We present a new model of the magnetic eld at the core{mantle boundary for the interval 1590{1990. The model, called gufm1, is based on a massive new compilation of historical observations of the magnetic eld. The greater part of the new dataset originates from unpublished observations taken by mariners engaged in merchant and naval shipping. Considerable attention is given to both correction of data for possible mislocation (originating from poor knowledge of longitude) and to proper allocation of error in the data. We adopt a stochastic model for uncorrected positional errors that properly accounts for the nature of the noise process based on a Brownian motion model. The variability of navigational errors as a function of the duration of the voyages that we have analysed is consistent with this model. For the period before 1800, more than 83 000 individual observations of magnetic declination were recorded at more than 64 000 locations; more than 8000 new observations are for the 17th century alone. The time-dependent eld model that we construct from the dataset is parametrized spatially in terms of spherical harmonics and temporally in B-splines, using a total of 36 512 parameters. The model has improved the resolution of the core eld, and represents the longest continuous model of the eld available. However, full exploitation of the database may demand a new modelling methodology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Free software helps map and display data
Wessel, P., & Smith, W. H. F. (1991) · Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union · doi:10.1029/90eo00319 · Cited by 4,110
Foundations of Potential Theory
Kellogg, O. D. (1967) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86748-4 · Cited by 2,192
Uniqueness in the inversion of inaccurate gross Earth data
Backus, G., & Gilbert, F. (1970) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.1970.0005 · Cited by 1,336
Foundations of Potential Theory
Kellogg, O. D. (1929) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-90850-7 · Cited by 1,264
The Total Least Squares Problem: Computational Aspects and Analysis.
Fisher, G. W., Huffel, S. V., & Vandewalle, J. (1992) · Mathematics of Computation · doi:10.2307/2153088 · Cited by 1,164
Stochastic Processes with Applications.
Metcalfe, A. V., Bhattacharya, R. N., & Waymire, E. C. (1992) · The Statistician · doi:10.2307/2348260 · Cited by 426
The secular variation of Earth's magnetic field
Bloxham, J., & Gubbins, D. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/317777a0 · Cited by 359
Bloxham, J., Gubbins, D., & Jackson, A. (1989) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.1989.0087 · Cited by 347
Self-citationTime‐dependent mapping of the magnetic field at the core‐mantle boundary
Bloxham, J., & Jackson, A. (1992) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/92jb01591 · Cited by 335
Self-citationBackus, G., Parker, R. L., & Constable, C. G. (1996) · Cited by 225
Cited by
A geomagnetic field model for the Holocene based on archaeomagnetic and lava flow data
Pavón-Carrasco, F. J., Osete, M. L., Torta, J. M., & De Santis, A. (2014) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.046 · Cited by 384
Persistent high paleosecular variation activity in southern hemisphere for at least 10,000 years
Constable, C., Korte, M., & Panovska, S. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.015 · Cited by 277
Recent investigations of the 0–5 Ma geomagnetic field recorded by lava flows
Johnson, C. L., Constable, C. G., Tauxe, L., Barendregt, R., Brown, L. L., Coe, R. S., Layer, P., Mejia, V., Opdyke, N. D., Singer, B. S., et al. (2008) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2007gc001696 · Cited by 275
Reconstructing Holocene geomagnetic field variation: new methods, models and implications.
Nilsson, A., Holme, R., Korte, M., Suttie, N., & Hill, M. (2014) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1093/gji/ggu120 · Cited by 248
Shaar, R., Ben-Yosef, E., Ron, H., Tauxe, L., Agnon, A., & Kessel, R. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.013 · Cited by 125
Metadata
- Authors
- Jackson, A., Jonkers, A. R. T., & Walker, M. R.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2000-03-15
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 1768
- Pages
- 957-990
- ISSN
- 1364-503X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2962
- OpenAlex
- W2106186106
- Cited by
- 1,085
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 3.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Four centuries of geomagnetic secular variation from historical records. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1098/rsta.2000.0569
- The paper
- Jackson, A., Jonkers, A. R. T., & Walker, M. R. (2000). Four centuries of geomagnetic secular variation from historical records. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0569
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.