The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coping styles and behavioural flexibility: towards underlying mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
A coping style (also termed behavioural syndrome or personality) is defined as a correlated set of individual behavioural and physiological characteristics that is consistent over time and across situations. This relatively stable trait is a fundamental and adaptively significant phenomenon in the biology of a broad range of species, i.e. it confers differential fitness consequences under divergent environmental conditions. Behavioural flexibility appears to be an important underlying attribute or feature of the coping style that might explain consistency across situations. Proactive coping is characterized by low flexibility expressed as rather rigid, routine-like behavioural tendencies and reduced impulse control (behavioural inhibition) in operant conditioning paradigms. This article summarizes some of the evidence that individual differentiation in behavioural flexibility emerges as a function of underlying variability in the activation of a brain circuitry that includes the prefrontal cortex and its key neurochemical signalling pathways (e.g. dopaminergic and serotonergic input). We argue that the multidimensional nature of animal personality and the terminology used for the various dimensions should reflect the differential pattern of activation of the underlying neuronal network and the behavioural control function of its components. Accordingly, unravelling the molecular mechanisms that give rise to individual differences in the coping style will be an important topic in biobehavioural neurosciences, ecology and evolutionary biology.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216 · Cited by 6,652
Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion
Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1579 · Cited by 3,785
Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution
Réale, D. J. F., Reader, S. M., Sol, D., McDougall, P. T., & Dingemanse, N. J. (2007) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2007.00010.x · Cited by 3,587
Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview
Sih, A., Bell, A. M., & Johnson, J. C. (2004) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.009 · Cited by 3,327
Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology
Koolhaas, J. M., Korte, S. M., De Boer, S. F., Van Der Vegt, B. J., Van Reenen, C. G., Hopster, H., De Jong, I. C., Ruis, M. A. W., & Blokhuis, H. J. (1999) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00026-3 · Cited by 2,875 · cited 3×
“Rodent research distinguishes between proactive and reactive coping (Koolhaas et al. 1999) and researchers of fish and birds often use the terms shyness and boldness (Wilson et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBehavioural reaction norms: animal personality meets individual plasticity
Dingemanse, N. J., Kazem, A. J. N., Réale, D. J. F., & WRIGHT, J. M. (2009) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.07.013 · Cited by 1,506
The Neuroscience of Natural Rewards: Relevance to Addictive Drugs
Kelley, A. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-09-03306.2002 · Cited by 1,505
Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes
de Wit, H. (2009) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x · Cited by 1,415
Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates
Dalley, J. W., Cardinal, R. N., & Robbins, T. W. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.006 · Cited by 1,329
Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals.
Wilson, D. S., Clark, A., Coleman, K., & Dearstyne, T. (1994) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(94)90134-1 · Cited by 1,124
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 612
Moura, A., Magalhães, P., Pais, S. C., & Alves, E. (2023) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2023.2209614 · Cited by 6
“contributing to reduce anxiety and enhance wellbeing.(17,18) The way in which adaptation processes are triggered and experienced has consequences not only in the disease management but also in the QoL of these individuals.”
BackgroundFrank, C. E., Sadeghi, J., Heath, D. D., & Semeniuk, C. A. D. (2024) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12898 · Cited by 6
Goat Emotions, Cognition, and Personality
Mason, M. A., Briefer, E. F., Semple, S., & McElligott, A. G. (2024) · Animal welfare · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62182-6_3 · Cited by 6
Range expansion during recolonization: what does animal personality have to do with it?
Jánošíková, R., Tulis, F., Baláž, I., et al. (2025) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/araf053 · Cited by 6
“…style theory posits that slow and accurate explorers are more sensitive to changes in environmental cues, while fast ex-plorers tend to rely on routines formed on shallow sampling (eg Benus et al. 1990; Verbeek et al. 1994; Koolhaas et al. 1999, 2010; Coppens et al. 2010; Sih and Del Giudice 2012).”
Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la escala de flexibilidad en jóvenes mexicanos
Palacios, J. R. (2021) · Persona · doi:10.26439/persona2021.n024(1).5311 · Cited by 6
Mazza, V., & Eccard, J. A. (2023) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/cz/zoad038 · Cited by 6
“…posits that slow and accurate explorers are more sensitive to changes in environmental information, while fast explor-ers tend to rely on routines formed on shallow sampling (e.g., Benus et al. 1990; Verbeek et al. 1994; Koolhaas et al. 1999, 2010; Coppens et al. 2010; Sih and Del Giudice 2012).”
Similar serotonin-2A receptor binding in rats with different coping styles or levels of aggression
Visser, A. K. D., Ettrup, A., Klein, A. B., van Waarde, A., Bosker, F. J., Meerlo, P., Knudsen, G. M., & de Boer, S. F. (2015) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.21810 · Cited by 6
“Reactive coping, on the other hand, involves low aggressiveness and impulsivity, immobility and a general tendency to passively accept or introvertedly shy away from a similar stimulus (Coppens et al., 2010).”
BackgroundCalandreau, L., Bertin, A., Favreau-Peigné, A., Richard, S., Constantin, P., Lansade, L., Arnould, C., & Leterrier, C. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.032 · Cited by 6
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
Hartley, C. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6599-7_1 · Cited by 7
Carnevali, L., Statello, R., & Sgoifo, A. (2018) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-018-1064-x · Cited by 6
Behavioural interdependence in a shrimp‐goby mutualism
Burns, A., Wilson, A. D. M., & Ward, A. J. W. (2019) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.12673 · Cited by 6
“…their level of behavioural plasticity, with some individuals being consistently more or less plastic than others, and thus animals may be constrained in the behaviours they can perform (Sih & Bell, 2008; Wolf, van Doorn & Weissing, 2008; Coppens, de Boer & Koolhaas, 2010; Dingemanse & Wolf, 2010).”
Ibarra‐Zatarain, Z., Martín, I. E., Rasines, I., et al. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112868 · Cited by 6
Effects of hay provision and presentation on cognitive development in dairy calves
Horvath, K. C., & Miller-Cushon, E. K. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238038 · Cited by 6
Adolescent social defeat disturbs adult aggression-related impulsivity in wild-type rats
Coppens, C. M., Coolen, A., de Boer, S. F., & Koolhaas, J. M. (2014) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.013 · Cited by 6
Self-citationPlastic Behaviour Buffers Climate Variability in the Wandering Albatross
Gillies, N., Thorley, J. B., Weimerskirch, H., et al. (2024) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.70631 · Cited by 5
“…individuals are observed to be more responsive to environmental changes, while bolder individuals seem to be more fixed in their behaviours (Verbeek, Drent, and Wiepkema 1994; Groothuis and Carere 2005; Coppens, de Boer, and Koolhaas 2010; Adriaenssens and Johnsson 2011; Gibelli and Dubois 2017).”
Social mates dynamically coordinate aggressive behavior to produce strategic territorial defense
Moody, N. M., Williams, C. M., Ramachandran, S., et al. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012740 · Cited by 5
“Such seemingly fixed correlated suites of behavior might be more reminiscent of a behavioral syndrome [46], where individuals exhibit relatively less flexibility in their behavioral traits across contexts [47,48].”
Çakmakçı, C., Magalhães, D. R., Pacor, V. R., de Almeida, D. H. S., Çakmakçı, Y., Dalga, S., Szabó, C., María, G. A., & Titto, C. G. (2023) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106060 · Cited by 6
Water-borne testosterone levels predict exploratory tendency in male poison frogs
Ringler, E., Dellefont, K., Peignier, M., et al. (2023) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114416 · Cited by 5
Surkova, E. N., Savinetskaya, L. E., Khropov, I. S., & Tchabovsky, A. V. (2024) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-024-01564-2 · Cited by 4
“Reactive individuals are highly sensitive to environmental cues and quickly learn avoidance and reversal tasks (Koolhaas et al. 1999, 2007; Coppens et al. 2010; Carere et al. 2010; Mazza et al. 2019 ; Geffroy et al. 2020).”
Repeated threat (without harm) in a living environment potentiates defensive behavior
Kim, D. J., & Anderson, B. J. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.052 · Cited by 5
Cavalcante, K. M. H., Bispo, J. M. M., Souza, M. F., Medeiros, K. A. A. L., Lins, L. C. R. F., Santos, E. R., Melo, J. E. C., de Gois, A. M., Meurer, Y. D. S. R., Leal, P. C., et al. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112806 · Cited by 5
Zou, H., Shi, M., Li, R., Zhang, X., & Lu, W. (2021) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100799 · Cited by 5
What Forms, Maintains, and Changes the Boldness of Swimming Crabs (Portunus trituberculatus)?
Zhu, B., Su, X., Yu, W., & Wang, F. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12131618 · Cited by 5
“Personality differences are influenced not only by energy metabolism but also by neurotransmitters and hormones [43,44].”
BackgroundDevelopment of “personality” in the domestic cat: A longitudinal study
Urrutia, A., Bánszegi, O., Szenczi, P., & Hudson, R. (2023) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22427 · Cited by 6
Development of pigs raised in a group housing system for lactating sows and their litters
van Nieuwamerongen, S. E. (2017) · doi:10.18174/409859 · Cited by 5
Ecological implications of personality in elk
Found, R. (2015) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3j960h0x · Cited by 5
Hatun, O., & Kurtça, T. T. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01411-z · Cited by 7
“Effective coping mechanisms can help individuals manage stress (Coppens et al., 2010) and emotional difficulties (Sălceanu, 2022), contributing to better psychological health (Saxon et al., 2017).”
Assessing flexibility in meaning and context in non‐human communication
Fröhlich, M., Aychet, J., Clark, P. R., Crockford, C., Dezecache, G., Rebout, N., van Schaik, C. P., & Graham, K. E. (2025) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.70054 · Cited by 4
“…characterise fl exibility as within-individual modi fi cation or adaptation of behaviour in response to immediate environmental or social conditions (Coppens et al ., 2010), and thus a reversible form of behavioural plasticity (Gabriel et al ., 2005; Dingemanse & Wolf, 2013; van Schaik, 2013).”
Chen, Y., Chang, Y., Tseng, Y., et al. (2022) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-022-03151-3 · Cited by 4
“In some species, individuals with higher personality scores (or proactive personality) have been observed to be less responsive to changing conditions or more likely to develop routines (Benus et al. 1990; Verbeek et al. 1994; Coppens et al. 2010; Koolhaas et al. 2010), which spurred the recent research interest in th…”
BackgroundAccelerometry reveals nocturnal biphasic sleep behavior in wild giraffe
Burger, A. L., Thiel, E., Fennessy, J., Fennessy, S., & Dierkes, P. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Mammal Science · doi:10.3389/fmamm.2023.1243883 · Cited by 5
Hillerer, K. M., & Gimsa, U. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1493605 · Cited by 4
Delanoeije, J., Moons, C. P. H., Peeters, E., & Pendry, P. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15010033 · Cited by 7
Esattore, B., Villagrán, M., Pluháček, J., Komárková, M., Dušek, A., Kotrba, R., Bartošová, J., & Bartoš, L. (2020) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113552 · Cited by 4
Horvath, K. C., Gingerich, K. N., Hixson, C. L., et al. (2020) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105109 · Cited by 4
Pinniped ‘Personality’, or Consistent Individual Differences
DeRango, E. J., & Schwarz, J. F. L. (2021) · Ethology and behavioral ecology of marine mammals · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_19 · Cited by 4
Nutritional stress and population density influence risk/reward decisions by elk
Found, R. (2022) · Wildlife Research · doi:10.1071/wr22040 · Cited by 4
“Consistently expressed individual behavioural variation as been referred to variously as coping styles (Coppens et al. 2010), behavioural syndromes (Dingemanse et al. 2012), but perhaps most intuitively simply as ‘personality’.”
BackgroundPritchard, A. J., Carter, A. J., & Palombit, R. A. (2023) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.01.011 · Cited by 4
Kerman, K., Roggero, A., Rolando, A., & Palestrini, C. (2023) · Journal of Ethology · doi:10.1007/s10164-023-00782-5 · Cited by 4
“Although mostly conceptualized as orthogonal dimensions, personality axes might display higher-order correlations with each other, forming constructs such as the proactive–reactive syndrome in response to environmental uncertainty (Coppens et al. 2010; Garamszegi et al. 2013).”
BackgroundDegrande, R., Ferreira, V. H. B., Guesdon, V., et al. (2023) · INRAE Productions Animales · doi:10.20870/productions-animales.2023.36.3.7657 · Cited by 4
“Cette même conclusion est aussi observée chez d’autres espèces, oiseaux et mammifères (par exemple : Coppens et al. , 2010 ; Zidar et al. , 2018 ; mais conclusion contradictoire par : Dougherty & Guillette, 2018).”
Cavalcante, K. M. H. (2019) · Scientific Electronic Archives · doi:10.36560/1252019933 · Cited by 4
DeRango, E. J., Schwarz, J. F. L., Zenth, F., Piedrahita, P. M., Páez‐Rosas, D., Crocker, D. E., & Krüger, O. (2020) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04815-5 · Cited by 4
Coomes, J. R., Davidson, G. L., Reichert, M. S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.16.423008 · Cited by 4
Current Trends in Parasitic Diseases and Precautionary Measures
Singh, N. K. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119878063.ch15 · Cited by 4
Schwanke, A. J., & DeVries, T. J. (2025) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2025-26552 · Cited by 3
Braimah, J. A., Dassah, E., Bisung, E., & Rosenberg, M. W. (2023) · Global perspectives on health geography · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37565-1_4 · Cited by 3
Rochette, A., Vermeulen, P., Dyer, J.-O., Hallé, M., Gingras, M., Mingant, A., Parisien, M., & Thomas, A. (2024) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.14150 · Cited by 3
“38,39 Peer support alleviated feelings of isolation and enabled collaborative problem ‐ solving, while support from higher level of management increased clinicians' flexibility and agency.”
Cows that are less active in the chute have more optimal grazing distribution
Creamer, M., & Horback, K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-84090-z · Cited by 5
Lucas, J., Ros, A. F. H., Geist, J. P., et al. (2025) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107299 · Cited by 3
Influence of prior exposure to females on behavioral consistency in male Siamese fighting fish
Hebert, O. L., & Dzieweczynski, T. L. (2011) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853911x618556 · Cited by 3
“However, while individuals exhibit behavioral consistency in certain contexts, they must also show a degree of behavioral flexibility in order to respond to environmental changes (Komers, 1997; Coppens et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSystems integrity in health and aging - an animal model approach
Oostindjer, M., & Amdam, G. V. (2013) · Longevity & Healthspan · doi:10.1186/2046-2395-2-2 · Cited by 3
“cognitive testing are reward sensitivity and behavioural inhibition [76,77], though those have not been explored in detail in pigs.”
BackgroundCoping-Style Behavior Identified by a Survey of Parent-of-Origin Effects in the Rat
Mont-Cardona, C., Hernandez-Pliego, P., Cañete, T., et al. (2018) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.118.200489 · Cited by 3
Behavioural syndromes in stereotypic striped mice
Silber, S., Joshi, S., & Pillay, N. (2019) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2019.01.009 · Cited by 5
Spatial scale-dependent effects of urbanisation on phenotypic traits in a thermophilous grasshopper
Waterschoot, B., Bataille, G., & Dyck, H. V. (2023) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-023-03325-7 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, shyer, reactive individuals have been shown to be also more flexible to adjust their behaviour to the environment (Coppens et al. 2010; Harris et al. 2020), which would be of great utility in the highly disturbed urban environment.”
BackgroundJimenez-Rivera, J. A., Boglino, A., Linares-Cordova, J. F., et al. (2023) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105985 · Cited by 3
Chen, G., Zhang, Y., Wei, Z., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Peng, J., Xu, Z., Yu, C., Zhang, J., Yu, C., et al. (2023) · Ibrain · doi:10.1002/ibra.12133 · Cited by 4
“14 Coping styles include different coping strategies, generally categorized as active and passive.”
BackgroundTchabovsky, A. V., Surkova, E. N., Savinetskaya, L. E., et al. (2024) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.240842 · Cited by 3
Evolution of Adaptive Individual Differences in Non-human Animals
Réale, D. J. F., & Montiglio, P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38877-5_15 · Cited by 3
Boersma, G. J., Smeltzer, M. D., Scott, K. A., Scheurink, A. J. W., Tamashiro, K. L., & Sakai, R. R. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.041 · Cited by 3
Kanda, L. L., Abdulhay, A., & Erickson, C. (2017) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.02.021 · Cited by 3
Solving Foraging Problems: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Perspectives on the Role of Cognition
Griffin, A. S., & Guez, D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316135976.008 · Cited by 3
The role of behavioural variation in trapping migratory Sea Lamprey
Myles-Gonzalez, E. (2017) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · Cited by 3
Unpredictable hummingbirds: Flight path entropy is constrained by speed and wing loadingPreprint
Berberi, I., Segre, P. S., Altshuler, D. L., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.11.246926 · Cited by 3
Chiocchio, A., de Rysky, E., Carere, C., Nascetti, G., Bisconti, R., & Canestrelli, D. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.502637 · Cited by 3
Fan, Z., Wu, H., Tao, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.956214 · Cited by 2
Effects of experimentally manipulating group size on cognitive performance in red junglefowl chicks
Domínguez, S. G., Garnham, L. C., Thornton, A., Shaw, R. C., & Løvlie, H. (2025) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123340 · Cited by 2
Identifying temperament in dairy cows
Reenen, V., & Gerrit, C. (2012) · Cited by 2
The relationship between coping styles and responses to handling in captive guanacos (Lama guanicoe)
Riveros, J. L., Correa, L. M., Zapata, B., et al. (2019) · Small Ruminant Research · doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.015 · Cited by 2
Joshi, A., Jayaprakash, A. K., & Pradeep, C. (2020) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205162 · Cited by 2
“Proactive mechanisms have been shown to perform better in variable environments.(28) In the study, a majority of both intern doctors and resident doctors relied on emotion-focused coping mechanisms in the form of meditation, and music (54%; n=32 for interns; 58.”
BackgroundGangloff, E. J., Barajas, V. L., Demuth, G., et al. (2021) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-021-03099-w · Cited by 2
Chen, P. Z., Chong, S. Q. Y., Chong, Q., Chan, A. H. J., Fernandez, C. J., Chen, A. G., Chang, S. F., Yap, H. H., & Er, K. B. H. (2022) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2022.10.001 · Cited by 2
Risk-sensitive learning is a winning strategy for leading an urban invasion
Breen, A. J., & Deffner, D. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89315.3 · Cited by 2
Disruption of social play influences development of caution in juvenile ground squirrels
Ryan, W. J., Kuan, M. B., & Nunes, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Ethology · doi:10.3389/fetho.2024.1410334 · Cited by 3
Diversity in Oxidative Status: Roles of Stress Response, Metabolism, Rhythmicity, and (Epi)Genetics
Costantini, D. (2024) · Fascinating life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65183-0_4 · Cited by 2
Pritchard, A. J., Vogel, E. R., Blersch, R., & Palombit, R. A. (2024) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-024-01172-2 · Cited by 3
Walasek, N., Jovicic, M., & Guenther, A. (2025) · Proceedings. Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.2689 · Cited by 2
Gestational cocaine: effects on postpartum behaviors and endocrine signaling in a rodent model
Williams, S. K. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/k4dj-5c29 · Cited by 2
Individual differences in proactive interference in rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
Tsakanikos, E., & Reed, P. (2021) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01998-7 · Cited by 2
Moreira, P. D., Dumas, L. L., Rozo, M. P., Desidério, G. R., & Takiya, D. M. (2022) · Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny · doi:10.3897/asp.80.e76559 · Cited by 2
Vasiliu, O., Mangalagiu, A. G., Petrescu, B. M., Cândea, C. A., Pleșa, C. F., Bratu-Bizic, R. E., Fainarea, A. F., Patrascu, M. C., Năstase, C., & Sîrbu, C. A. (2024) · Romanian Journal of Military Medicine · doi:10.55453/rjmm.2024.127.3.6 · Cited by 2
Furnham, A. F. (2024) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2024.167041 · Cited by 2
Within- and Among-Species Variation in Resistance to Oxidative Stress and Hormetic Responses
Costantini, D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54663-1_9 · Cited by 2
Manipulating monoamines reduces exploration and boldness of Mediterranean field crickets
Lundgren, K. A., Abbey‐Lee, R. N., Garnham, L. C., et al. (2020) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104298 · Cited by 2
Reatividade e estresse em garrotes cruzados Angus Nelore em confinamento
Carli, M. E. D. S. (2018) · doi:10.11606/d.74.2018.tde-24102018-101810 · Cited by 2
Side effects of feed restriction and compensatory growth in fish
Hitchcock, M. J. (2013) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 2
Short communication: Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to mirror images
Rauw, W. M., García‐Cortés, L. A., Villarroel, M., et al. (2017) · Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.5424/sjar/2017151-10136 · Cited by 1
Risk-sensitive learning is a winning strategy for leading an urban invasion
Breen, A. J., & Deffner, D. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89315 · Cited by 5
Braem, M. (2023) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.09.002 · Cited by 1
Effects of personality and social context on movement tendencies in three-spined sticklebacks
Gismann, J., Ramesh, A., Groothuis, T. G. G., et al. (2024) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.07.012 · Cited by 1
Social Processes in Animals: Individual Differences in Affiliative Capacity
Brown, J., & Hammock, E. A. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77967-1_11 · Cited by 1
Kaur, A. (2025) · Global Insights Journal · doi:10.63665/gij.v5i3.12 · Cited by 1
Avian hissing sounds: occurrence, mechanism, ontogeny, function and phylogeny
Thys, B., & Eens, M. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.251298 · Cited by 1
Xu, S., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03561-8 · Cited by 2
“The cognitive and behavioral strategies applied to handle both internal and external demands in stressful situations are termed “coping styles” [17, 18] and are generally classified as positive and negative.”
Activity based performance tradeoffs differ between elite and non-elite foragers in honeybees
Dicke, K., Cassano, J., & Naug, D. (2025) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-025-03665-6 · Cited by 1
“…suggest non-elites to have a higher degree of behavioral plasticity compared to the elites, a pattern that aligns with recent stud - ies showing reactive “slow” individuals to be more plas - tic than proactive “fast” individuals (Coppens et al. 2010; Mathot et al. 2012; Dingemanse and Wolf 2013).”
Barchiesi, M. C. B., García, G. Ó., Castano, M. V., & Biondi, L. M. (2025) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.70014 · Cited by 1
Social plasticity and individuality shape variation in contest behaviour.
Kikodze, E., & Ratz, T. (2025) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2025.0519 · Cited by 1
Stress, Anxiety and Empathy in Dental Students: A Multicentre Analysis From Turkey
Boyraz, Ş., Karamüftüoğlu, N., & Görgin, N. Ç. (2026) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/eje.70183 · Cited by 1
Kleszczewska-Albińska, A. (2026) · Future · doi:10.3390/future4020017 · Cited by 1
“…individuals employ a range of strategies that may be classified as adaptive (i.e., reducing distress in the long-term and effectively addressing the source of difficulty) or maladaptive (i.e., ineffective in the long-term and associated with an increased risk of psychopathological symptoms) [43].”
Does the Current Concept of Stress Explain PTSD
Koolhaas, J. M., & de Boer, S. F. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_83-1 · Cited by 1
“Extensive studies, using a variety of learning tasks, show that behavioral flexibility is one of the main differences between proactive and reactive coping (Coppens et al. 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMayrand, J. L., Heath, D. D., Heath, J. W., et al. (2019) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2019.04.014 · Cited by 1
Effects of inbreeding on behavioural plasticity of parent–offspring interactions in a burying beetle
Ratz, T., Perodaskalaki, A., Moorad, J. A., & Smiseth, P. T. (2020) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.13640 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Coppens, C. M., de Boer, S. F., & Koolhaas, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Department of Behavioural Physiology, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2010-12-27
- Volume
- 365
- Issue
- 1560
- Pages
- 4021-4028
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC2992750
- OpenAlex
- W2136361247
- Semantic Scholar
- a728963ac55bd0a912d799a48dfeb94690ee6746
- Cited by
- 610
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 27.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (submittedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- coping styles, behavioral flexibility, animal personality, behavioral syndromes, proactive coping, behavioral inhibition, individual differences, prefrontal cortex, dopamine signaling, brain circuits
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Personality, Receptors, Dopamine, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, Behavioral Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
