Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes

de Wit, Harriet

doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x

Cited by 1,415Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes

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de Wit, Harriet·2009·Addiction Biology

DOI 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.xPMC PMC3640851

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Abstract

Impulsive behaviors are closely linked to drug use and abuse, both as contributors to use and as consequences of use. Trait impulsivity is an important determinant of drug use during development, and in adults momentary ‘state’ increases in impulsive behavior may increase the likelihood of drug use, especially in individuals attempting to abstain. Conversely, acute and chronic effects of drug use may increase impulsive behaviors, which may in turn facilitate further drug use. However, these effects depend on the behavioral measure used to assess impulsivity. This article reviews data from controlled studies investigating different measures of impulsive behaviors, including delay discounting, behavioral inhibition and a newly proposed measure of inattention. Our findings support the hypothesis that drugs of abuse alter performance across independent behavioral measures of impulsivity. The findings lay the groundwork for studying the cognitive and neurobiological substrates of impulsivity, and for future studies on the role of impulsive behavior as both facilitator and a result of drug use.

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Craving and impulsivity have repeatedly been shown to play a role in addictive behaviour.
“they have repeatedly been shown to play a role in addictive behaviour (for a review see De Wit, 2009)”
From Age-dependent Effects of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine on Cognition and the Brain: A Systematic Review of the Human and Animal Literature Comparing Adolescents and Adults. (2023) · cites this paper as De Wit, 2009
The Introduction and Conclusions (page numbers unavailable) describe impulsivity as a determinant of, and closely linked to, drug use. The review also cites multiple studies of that relationship, but the passages in our copy do not establish the claimed role of craving. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
High levels of sensation seeking and reduced impulse control have frequently been associated with addiction, both as a determinant and consequence of substance use.
“High levels of sensation seeking and reduced impulse control have frequently been associated with addiction, both as a determinant and consequence of substance use (Blanchard et al., 2009; de Wit, 2009).”
From Age-dependent Effects of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine on Cognition and the Brain: A Systematic Review of the Human and Animal Literature Comparing Adolescents and Adults. (2023) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
The Introduction and Conclusions state that impulsivity is linked to drug use both as a determinant and as a consequence, supporting the reduced-impulse-control part of the claim. Our copy does not establish the same association for sensation seeking; a search for that term found it only in a reference title. The supplied copy gives section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Behaviors that emerged during adolescence to promote survival and reproduction can increase an individual's likelihood to experiment with, use, and become dependent on drugs.
“Behaviors that emerged during adolescence to promote survival and reproduction may no longer be adaptive, but instead can increase an individual’s likelihood to experiment with, use, and become dependent on drugs (Bardo et al., 1996, de Wit, 2009, Hester and Garavan, 2004, Kreek et al., 2005, Naneix et al., 2012, Potvin et al., 2014, Vonmoos et al., 2013).”
From Sensitive periods of substance abuse: Early risk for the transition to dependence (2017) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
Dysfunctional impulsivity includes attention deficits, lack of reflection, and insensitivity to consequences, and these features occur in addiction.
“Dysfunctional impulsivity includes deficits in attention, lack of reflection and/or insensitivity to consequences, all of which occur in addiction (Evenden, 1999; (de Wit, 2009).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
Human alcohol and drug abusers show consistent deficits in delayed discounting compared with never-users or ex-users.
“Human alcohol and drug abusers compared to never-users or ex-users show consistent deficits in delayed discounting (de Wit, 2009; Petry, 2001).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009

Multiple impulsivity components, including delay discounting, behavioral inhibition, and poor attention, are deficient in alcohol and substance abusers.
“Multiple components of impulsivity, including delay discounting, behavioral inhibition and poor attention, show deficits in alcohol and substance abusing individuals (de Wit, 2009).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
High impulsivity of adolescence likely represents an important risk factor for binge drinking and initiation of drinking.
“The high impulsivity of adolescence likely represents an important risk factor for binge drinking and initiation of drinking experiences(de Wit, 2009).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
Most forms of impulsivity are elevated in substance use disorders, as measured by impulsiveness scales, neuropsychological batteries, motor-inhibition tasks, and decision-making tasks.
“Overall, studies in addiction show that most types of impulsivity are increased in substance use disorders, measured with impulsiveness scales, neuropsychological batteries, motor-inhibition tasks, and decision-making tasks”
From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
In delay discounting tasks, addicted individuals prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards.
“in which addicted individuals show preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards (Bickel et al., 2012b; de Wit, 2009)”
From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
Exposure to drugs of abuse has been reported to enhance impulsive-like responding in animals and humans.
“In particular, exposure to drugs of abuse has been reported to produce an enhancement in impulsive-like responding in animals (Dallery and Locey, 2005; Richards et al., 1999) and in humans (de Wit, 2009).”
From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as de Wit, 2009
Delay discounting is both a cause and consequence of substance use.
“Delay discounting is both a cause and consequence of substance use.184,185”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [184]
Evidence from acute pharmacological interventions supports greater sensitivity of real-time tasks to manipulations likely to induce changes in state-impulsivity.
“Evidence from acute pharmacological interventions with psychomotor stimulants and suppressants supports the greater sensitivity of real-time tasks to manipulations likely to induce changes in state-impulsivity”
From DAT1 and COMT effects on delay discounting and trait impulsivity in male adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls (2010) · cites this paper as De Wit, 2009

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Authors: de Wit, H.
Venue: Addiction Biology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-12-04
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 22-31
ISSN: 1355-6215 (ISSN-L)
1369-1600
DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x
PMC: PMC3640851
OpenAlex: W2118475046
Semantic Scholar: fb6e5b9b575d8b48839448ffa9ed16bb29c5987b
Cited by: 1,415
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 43 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 120 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 125 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 118 · 2012: 80
FWCI: 4.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Addiction Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA009133, DA09133)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: impulsivity, drug use, drug abuse, trait impulsivity, state impulsivity, delay discounting, behavioral inhibition, inattention, addiction
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Brain, Character, Cognition, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Inhibition, Psychological, Motivation, Reward, Illicit Drugs, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Substance-Related Disorders

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Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes

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