Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in a variety of cognitive and executive processes, including working memory, decision-making, inhibitory response control, attentional set-shifting and the temporal integration of voluntary behaviour. This article reviews current progress in our understanding of the rodent prefrontal cortex, especially evidence for functional divergence of the anatomically distinct sub-regions of the rat prefrontal cortex. Recent findings suggest clear distinctions between the dorsal (precentral and anterior cingulate) and ventral (prelimbic, infralimbic and medial orbital) sub-divisions of the medial prefrontal cortex, and between the orbitofrontal cortex (ventral orbital, ventrolateral orbital, dorsal and ventral agranular cortices) and the adjacent medial wall of the prefrontal cortex. The dorso-medial prefrontal cortex is implicated in memory for motor responses, including response selection, and the temporal processing of information. Ventral regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are implicated in interrelated 'supervisory' attentional functions, including attention to stimulus features and task contingencies (or action-outcome rules), attentional set-shifting, and behavioural flexibility. The orbitofrontal cortex is implicated in lower-order discriminations, including reversal of stimulus-reward associations (reversal learning), and choice involving delayed reinforcement. It is anticipated that a greater understanding of the prefrontal cortex will come from using tasks that load specific cognitive and executive processes, in parallel with discovering new ways of manipulating the different sub-regions and neuromodulatory systems of the prefrontal cortex.
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The rodent PFC participates in functions such as attention, decision making and memory.
“Like in primates, the PFC in rodents is considered to participate in functions such as attention, decision making and memory (Chudasama, 2011; Dalley et al., 2004; Preston and Eichenbaum, 2013).”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Dalley et al., 2004
The rodent mPFC is anatomically divided into ACC, PLC and ILC, located along the dorsal-ventral axis, and these subareas are reciprocally interconnected.
“The rodent mPFC can be anatomically divided into three subareas, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prelimbic cortex (PLC) and infralimbic cortex (ILC), which are located along the dorsal – ventral axis (Dalley et al., 2004; Gabbott et al., 2005), and are reciprocally interconnected (Heidbreder and Groenewegen, 2003).”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Dalley et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Dalley, J. W., Cardinal, R. N., & Robbins, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dalley, Jeffrey W.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 771-784
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2140549509
- Cited by
- 1,329
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 79
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex, executive function, cognitive function, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, prelimbic cortex, infralimbic cortex, working memory, decision-making, set-shifting, behavioral flexibility, reversal learning, neuromodulatory systems
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Cognition, Decision Making, Memory, Short-Term, Motor Activity, Norepinephrine, Problem Solving, Reaction Time, Prefrontal Cortex
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