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Multi-omic detection of Mycobacterium leprae in archaeological human dental calculus

Fotakis, Anna K., Denham, Sean D., Mackie, Meaghan, Orbegozo, Miren Iraeta, Mylopotamitaki, Dorothea, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Olsen, Jesper V., Cappellini, Enrico, Zhang, Guojie, Christophersen, Axel, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Vågene, Åshild J.·2020·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0584PMC PMC7702802
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Abstract

Mineralized dental plaque (calculus) has proven to be an excellent source of ancient biomolecules. Here we present a Mycobacterium leprae genome (6.6-fold), the causative agent of leprosy, recovered via shotgun sequencing of sixteenth-century human dental calculus from an individual from Trondheim, Norway. When phylogenetically placed, this genome falls in branch 3I among the diversity of other contemporary ancient strains from Northern Europe. Moreover, ancient mycobacterial peptides were retrieved via mass spectrometry-based proteomics, further validating the presence of the pathogen. Mycobacterium leprae can readily be detected in the oral cavity and associated mucosal membranes, which likely contributed to it being incorporated into this individual's dental calculus. This individual showed some possible, but not definitive, evidence of skeletal lesions associated with early-stage leprosy. This study is the first known example of successful multi-omics retrieval of M. leprae from archaeological dental calculus. Furthermore, we offer new insights into dental calculus as an alternative sample source to bones or teeth for detecting and molecularly characterizing M. leprae in individuals from the archaeological record. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules’.

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  • Most studies of ancient human remains work with historic dental calculus, a stable long-term reservoir of proteins.

    “When it comes to analyzing ancient human remains, most studies work with historic dental calculus [11, 15, 22-26], as it is a stable, long-term reservoir of proteins [27].”

    From Metaproteomic analysis of King Ghezo tomb wall (Abomey, Benin) confirms 19th century voodoo sacrifices (2024) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Introduction describes archaeological dental calculus as a reservoir of ancient biomolecules, including proteomic information, and the Conclusion says its robust nature makes long-term preservation likely. The paper does not establish that most studies of ancient human remains use dental calculus; it presents calculus as an alternative to bones and teeth. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Metadata

Authors
Fotakis, A. K., Denham, S. D., Mackie, M., Orbegozo, M. I., Mylopotamitaki, D., Gopalakrishnan, S., Sicheritz-Pontén, T., Olsen, J. V., Cappellini, E., Zhang, G., Christophersen, A., Gilbert, M. T. P., & Vågene, Å. J.
Affiliations
  • Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
  • Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
  • Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
  • NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
ORCID
Venue
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2020-10-05
Volume
375
Issue
1812
Pages
20190584
ISSN
  • 0962-8436
  • 1471-2970
DOI
10.1098/rstb.2019.0584
PMC
PMC7702802
Cited by
58
References
8
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Carlsbergfondet (CF18-1109)
  • Villum Fonden (17649)
  • Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14CC0001)
  • Lundbeckfonden (KU2016, R52-A5062)
  • Norges Forskningsråd (MEDHEAL600)

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