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Legacies of Indigenous land use and cultural burning in the Bolivian Amazon rainforest ecotone
Abstract
The southwestern Amazon Rainforest Ecotone (ARE) is the transitional landscape between the tropical forest and seasonally flooded savannahs of the Bolivian Llanos de Moxos. These heterogeneous landscapes harbour high levels of biodiversity and some of the earliest records of human occupation and plant domestication in Amazonia. While persistent Indigenous legacies have been demonstrated elsewhere in the Amazon, it is unclear how past human–environment interactions may have shaped vegetation composition and structure in the ARE. Here, we examine 6000 years of archaeological and palaeoecological data from Laguna Versalles (LV), Bolivia. LV was dominated by stable rainforest vegetation throughout the Holocene. Maize cultivation and cultural burning are present after ca 5700 cal yr BP. Polyculture cultivation of maize, manioc and leren after ca 3400 cal yr BP predates the formation of Amazonian Dark/Brown Earth (ADE/ABE) soils (approx. 2400 cal yr BP). ADE/ABE formation is associated with agroforestry indicated by increased edible palms, including Mauritia flexuosa and Attalea sp., and record levels of burning, suggesting that fire played an important role in agroforestry practices. The frequent use of fire altered ADE/ABD forest composition and structure by controlling ignitions, decreasing fuel loads and increasing the abundance of plants preferred by humans. Cultural burning and polyculture agroforestry provided a stable subsistence strategy that persisted despite pronounced climate change and cultural transformations and has an enduring legacy in ADE/ABE forests in the ARE. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Tropical forests in the deep human past’.
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Ecological legacies from fire, cultivation, plant domestication, and agroforestry primarily occur within a few kilometers of archaeological sites.
“Such ecological legacies from fire, or cultivation, plant domestication, and agroforestry primarily occur within a few kilometers of archaeological sites”
From Pre‐contact and post‐colonial ecological legacies shape Surinamese rainforests (2024) · cites this paper as Maezumi et al., 2022
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The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.41 · Cited by 7,900 · cited 4×
“The seasonal migration of the ITCZ is thought to introduce a Northern Hemisphere (14)C signal to the low-latitude Southern Hemisphere [82], thus the International Calibration Curve (IntCal20) Northern Hemisphere [80] versus Southern Hemisphere calibration curve [81] was selected for the radiocarbon calibrations.”
MethodInfluentialThe human dimension of fire regimes on Earth
Bowman, D. M. J. S., Balch, J., Artaxo, P., Bond, W. J., Cochrane, M. A., D’Antonio, C. M., DeFries, R., Johnston, F. H., Keeley, J. E., Krawchuk, M. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02595.x · Cited by 1,230
A Burning Story: The Role of Fire in the History of Life
Pausas, J. G., & Keeley, J. E. (2009) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.10 · Cited by 1,226
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Pre‐contact and post‐colonial ecological legacies shape Surinamese rainforests
Witteveen, N. H., White, C., Sánchez‐Martínez, B. A., Philip, A., Boyd, F., Booij, R., Christ, R., Singh, S., Gosling, W. D., Piperno, D. R., et al. (2024) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.4272 · Cited by 10
Self-citationFajardo, S., Mohammadi, S., Gregorio de Souza, J., Ardila, C., Tapscott, A., Heidgen, S., Mayorga Hernández, M. I., Mota de Oliveira, S., Montejo, F., Moderato, M., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-45976-2 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Maezumi, S. Y., Elliott, S., Robinson, M., Betancourt, C. J., Gregorio de Souza, J., Alves, D., Grosvenor, M., Hilbert, L., Urrego, D. H., Gosling, W. D., & Iriarte, J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1090N
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- Department for the Anthropology of the Americas, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany
- Department of Humanities, University Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA‐66075‐110, Brazil
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK
- Laboratório de Arqueologia dos Trópicos, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP‐05508‐070, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2022-03-07
- Volume
- 377
- Issue
- 1849
- ISSN
- 0962-8436
- 1471-2970
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
- Funders
- European Commission (Marie Curie Fellowship 792197)
- H2020 European Research Council (ERC_Adv834514, ERC_Cog616179)
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