The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Directly Decimates Human Spleens and Lymph Nodes
Open accessAbstract
While lymphocytopenia is a common characteristic of patients infected by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the mechanisms responsible for this depletion are unclear. Through careful inspection of the spleens and lymph nodes (LNs) from six cases with postmortem examinations, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 could directly infect secondary lymphoid organs to induce cell death. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the potential receptor of SARS-CoV-2, expresses on tissue-resident CD169 + macrophages in spleens and LNs. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed that viral nucleocaspid protein (NP) can be found in ACE2 + cells, CD169 + macrophages, but not in CD3 + T cells or B220 + B cells in spleens and LNs. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces severe tissue damage including lymph follicle depletion, splenic nodule atrophy, histiocyte hyperplasia and lymphocyte reductions. Moreover, in situ TUNEL staining illustrated that viral infection leads to severe lymphocyte apoptosis, which might be mediated by viral antigens inducing Fas upregulation. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 also triggers macrophages to produce IL-6, a proinflammatory cytokine that directly promotes lymphocyte necrosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 directly neutralizes human spleens and LNs through infecting tissue-resident CD169 + macrophages.
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Cites
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Self-citationReduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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Cited by
Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages
Merad, M., & Martin, J. C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4 · Cited by 2,472
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science
Vabret, N., Britton, G. J., Gruber, C., Hegde, S., Kim, J., Kuksin, M., Levantovsky, R., Malle, L., Moreira, A., Park, M. D., et al. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002 · Cited by 1,623
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Self-citationPeng, Y., Mentzer, A. J., Liu, G., Yao, X., Yin, Z., Dong, D., Dejnirattisai, W., Rostron, T., Supasa, P., Liu, C., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6 · Cited by 1,179
Self-citationCytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies
Tang, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, D., Xu, Z., Ji, J., & Wen, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708 · Cited by 1,094
Metadata
- Authors
- Feng, Z., Diao, B., Wang, R., Wang, G., Wang, C., Tan, Y., Liu, L., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Yuan, Z., Ren, L., Wu, Y., & Chen, Y.
- Venue
- medRxiv
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-03-31
- OpenAlex
- W3014799733
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 8
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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