The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adaptive immune determinants of viral clearance and protection in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl4509 · Paper page
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 160 million infections and more than 3 million deaths worldwide. While effective vaccines are currently being deployed, the adaptive immune determinants which promote viral clearance and confer protection remain poorly defined. Using mouse models of SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrate that both humoral and cellular adaptive immunity contributes to viral clearance in the setting of primary infection. Furthermore, we find that either convalescent mice, or mice that receive mRNA vaccination are protected from both homologous infection and infection with a variant of concern, B.1.351. Additionally, we find this protection to be largely mediated by antibody response and not cellular immunity. These results highlight the in vivo protective capacity of antibodies generated to both vaccine and natural infection. One-Sentence Summary: Defining the roles of humoral and cellular adaptive immunity in viral clearance and protection from SARS-CoV-2 and a variant of concern.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Neutralizing antibodies are a likely correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as suggested by vaccine efficacy studies, preclinical studies in mice and non-human primates, and data from the early use of convalescent plasma in elderly patients 4,5,10,13,14,18,23 .”
From Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Although it is increasingly recognized that neutralizing antibodies dominate protection against initial infection 4,13 , T cells might limit disease progression 5 when neutralizing antibody titres are low 14 .”
From Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“There is increasing evidence that neutralizing responses are a correlate of protection [4][5][6] .”
From Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Pérez Marc, G., Moreira, E. D., Zerbini, C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034577 · Cited by 14,592
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119
Khoury, D. S., Cromer, D., Reynaldi, A., Schlub, T. E., Wheatley, A. K., Juno, J. A., Subbarao, K., Kent, S. J., Triccas, J. A., & Davenport, M. P. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8 · Cited by 3,742
Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595
RAG-1-deficient mice have no mature B and T lymphocytes
Mombaerts, P., Iacomini, J., Johnson, R. S., Herrup, K., Tonegawa, S., & Papaioannou, V. E. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90030-g · Cited by 2,898
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Ramirez, S. I., Haupt, S., Frazier, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf4063 · Cited by 2,656
BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
Dagan, N., Barda, N., Kepten, E., Miron, O., Perchik, S., Katz, M. A., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B., & Balicer, R. D. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2101765 · Cited by 2,527
Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization
Planas, D., Veyer, D., Baidaliuk, A., Staropoli, I., Guivel-Benhassine, F., Rajah, M. M., Planchais, C., Porrot, F., Robillard, N., Puech, J., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9 · Cited by 1,992
Rydyznski Moderbacher, C., Ramirez, S. I., Dan, J. M., Grifoni, A., Hastie, K. M., Weiskopf, D., Belanger, S., Abbott, R. K., Kim, C., Choi, J., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 · Cited by 1,790
Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19
Sekine, T., Perez-Potti, A., Rivera-Ballesteros, O., Strålin, K., Gorin, J.-B., Olsson, A., Llewellyn-Lacey, S., Kamal, H., Bogdanovic, G., Muschiol, S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.017 · Cited by 1,788
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–197 of 197
Malin, J. J., Cristanziano, V. D., Horn, C., Pracht, E., Borrega, J. G., Heger, E., Knops, E., Kaiser, R., Böll, B., Lehmann, C., et al. (2021) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006655 · Cited by 11
Dulovic, A., Kessel, B., Harries, M., Becker, M., Ortmann, J., Griesbaum, J., Juengling, J., Junker, D., Hernández, P., Gornyk, D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.828053 · Cited by 12
Podrazil, M., Táborská, P., Stakheev, D., Rataj, M., Lašťovička, J., Vlachova, A., Pohunek, P., Bartůňková, J., & Smrž, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.892277 · Cited by 13
Nanishi, E., Borriello, F., Seo, H., O’Meara, T. R., McGrath, M. E., Saito, Y., Chen, J., Diray‐Arce, J., Song, K., Xu, A. Z., et al. (2023) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-023-00610-4 · Cited by 12
Li, D., Xu, A. M., Mengesha, E., Elyanow, R., Gittelman, R., Chapman, H., Prostko, J. C., Frias, E. C., Stewart, J. L., Pozdnyakova, V., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.21267444 · Cited by 12
COVID-19 vaccination exacerbates ex vivo IL-6 release from isolated PBMCs
Langgartner, D., Winkler, R., Brunner-Weisser, J., Rohleder, N., Jarczok, M. N., Gündel, H., Weimer, K., & Reber, S. O. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35731-2 · Cited by 11
Kim, J. S., Kim, N.-E., Choi, J.-A., Choi, I., Choi, J.-E., Kang, A., Kwon, D., Lim, M., Kim, J., Baek, S., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2025.114811 · Cited by 10
Bar‐On, L., Jaoui, H. D., Aftalion, M., Chitlaru, T., & Noam Erez, A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294176 · Cited by 10
The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine demonstrates reduced age-associated TH1 support in vitro and in vivo
Brook, B., Fatou, B., Barman, S., Barman, S., Sweitzer, C., Bosco, A.-N., Sherman, A., Baden, L., Morrocchi, E., Sánchez‐Schmitz, G., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111055 · Cited by 16
Russo, M., Mendes-Corrêa, M. C., Lins, B. B., Kersten, V., Filho, P. C. A. P., Martins, T. R., Tozetto‐Mendoza, T. R., Boas, L. S. V., Gomes, B. M., Dati, L. M. M., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11111732 · Cited by 9
In vitro high-content tissue models to address precision medicine challenges
Afewerki, S., Stocco, T. D., Silva, A. D. R., Furtado, A. S. A., de Sousa, G. F., Ruiz‐Esparza, G. U., Webster, T. J., Marciano, F. R., Strømme, M., Zhang, Y. S., et al. (2022) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2022.101108 · Cited by 8
Maliah, A., Parikh, R., Tayer-Shifman, O. E., Kimhi, O., Gepstein, R., Halperin, T., Levy, Y. M., Levy, C., Basson, Y. P.-P., & Kivity, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25642-z · Cited by 9
SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Booster Vaccination Elicits Robust Humoral Immune Responses in Aged Mice
Kim, E., Khan, M. S., Ferrari, A., Huang, S., Sammartino, J. C., Percivalle, E., Kenniston, T. W., Cassaniti, I., Baldanti, F., & Gambotto, A. A. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.04363-22 · Cited by 10
Longitudinal kinetics of RBD+ antibodies in COVID-19 recovered patients over 14 months
Eyran, T., Vaisman‐Mentesh, A., Taussig, D., Dror, Y., Aizik, L., Kigel, A., Rosenstein, S., Bahar, Y., Ini, D., Tur‐Kaspa, R., et al. (2022) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010569 · Cited by 8
Carter, B., Huang, P., Liu, G., Liang, Y., Lin, P. J. C., Peng, B., McKay, L. G. A., Dimitrakakis, A., Hsu, J. C., Tat, V., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135815 · Cited by 8
Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report
Rahimi, R. A., Cho, J. L., Jakubzick, C., Khader, S. A., Lambrecht, B. N., Lloyd, C. M., Molofsky, A. B., Talbot, S., Bonham, C. A., Drake, W. P., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st · Cited by 8
Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults
Yang, G., Lu, M., Chen, R.-R., Wang, S.-Q., Wan, S., Song, X., Cao, G.-P., Lv, L., He, X.-J., Zhan, B., et al. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02132-y · Cited by 7
Pandey, B., Wang, Z., Jimenez, A. C., Bhatia, E., Jain, R., Beach, A., Maniar, D., Hosten, J., O’Farrell, L., Vantucci, C. E., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202402792 · Cited by 6
Maliha, S. T., Fatemi, R., Akter, M., Zheng, Q., Araf, Y., Tabassum, T., Munif, M. R., Saha, S., Xue, M., Wang, H., et al. (2025) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116707 · Cited by 8
Gallais, F., Gantner, P., Planas, D., Solis, M., Bruel, T., Pierre, F., Soulier, E., Rossolillo, P., Fourati, S., Sibilia, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.790212 · Cited by 7
What has vaccination against COVID-19 in CKD patients taught us?
Rossi, M., Pessolano, G., & Gambaro, G. (2023) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-023-01640-w · Cited by 7
Durable T cell immunity to COVID-19 vaccines in MS patients on B cell depletion therapy
Davis‐Porada, J., Tozlu, C., Aiello, C., Apostolidis, S. A., Bar‐Or, A., Bove, R. M., Espinoza, D. A., Brito, S. F., Jacobs, D. A., Kakara, M., et al. (2025) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-025-01151-8 · Cited by 8
Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models
Zheng, H., 中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室, 生., Song, T., Zheng, Y., & 中国科学院昆明动物研究所模式动物表型与遗传研究国家重大科技基础设施(灵长类设施), 国. (2024) · 动物学研究 · doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.062 · Cited by 6
Hao, T.-J., Li, Y.-L., Liu, P., Wang, X., Xu, K., Lei, W.-W., Li, Y., Zhang, R., Li, X., Zhao, X., et al. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012508 · Cited by 5
Bozkus, C. C., Brown, M., Velazquez, L. G., Thomas, M., Wilson, E. A., O’Donnell, T. J., Kaminska, A., Ruchnewitz, D., Geertz, D., Bykov, Y., et al. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113044 · Cited by 9
Yavuz, S. Ş., Tunçer, G., Aydın, Ö. A., Aydın, M., Pehlıvanoglu, F., Tok, Y., Meşe, S., Gündüz, A., Geyiktepe-Güçlü, C., Özdoğan, İ., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10050733 · Cited by 7
Huang, Y., Shin, J. E., Xu, A. M., Yao, C., Joung, S. Y., Wu, M., Zhang, R., Shin, B., Foley, J., Mahov, S., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105209 · Cited by 5
Aguinam, E. T., Nadesalingam, A., Chan, A., Smith, P., Paloniemi, M., Cantoni, D. M., Gronlund, J., Gronlund, H., Carnell, G., Castillo‐Olivares, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global · doi:10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100091 · Cited by 7
Mueller, T. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.24175 · Cited by 6
Córdova, E., Lespada, M. I., Cecchini, D. M., Nieto, F., Palonsky, S., Badran, M., Bernasconi, S. V., Bacelar, B., Morganti, L., Garibaldi, F., et al. (2022) · Vacunas · doi:10.1016/j.vacun.2022.01.008 · Cited by 6
Brook, B., Fatou, B., Checkervarty, A. K., Barman, S., Sweitzer, C., Bosco, A.-N., Sherman, A. C., Baden, L. R., Morrocchi, E., Sánchez‐Schmitz, G., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2395118/v1 · Cited by 6
Lukeman, H., Al-Wassiti, H. A., Fabb, S. A., Lim, L., Wang, T., Britton, W. J., Steain, M. C., Pouton, C. W., Triccas, J. A., & Counoupas, C. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.605765 · Cited by 6
Liu, Z., Zhou, J., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Wei, P., Zhou, K., Wang, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02188-z · Cited by 7
Dhawan, M. K., Thakur, N., Sharma, M. K., & Rabaan, A. A. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117936 · Cited by 5
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risk Model in an Urban Area of Mexico, Based on GIS Analysis and Viral Load
Barajas-Carrillo, V. W., Covantes‐Rosales, C. E., Zambrano-Soria, M., Castillo-Pacheco, L. A., Girón‐Pérez, D. A., Mercado‐Salgado, U., Ojeda-Durán, A. J., Vázquez-Pulido, E. Y., & Girón‐Pérez, M. I. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073840 · Cited by 7
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez‐Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-023-00334-y · Cited by 5
Can B cell‐deficient patients rely on COVID ‐19 vaccine‐induced T‐cell immunity?
Shree, T. (2022) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.18210 · Cited by 5
Ancestral SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-recognize Omicron (B.1.1.529)Preprint
Gao, Y., Cai, C., Grifoni, A., Müller, T. R., Niessl, J., Olofsson, A., Humbert, M., Hansson, L., Österborg, A., Bergman, P., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1217466/v1 · Cited by 5
Lee, A. W. Q., Floyd, K. A., Wu, S., Fang, Z., Tan, T.-K., Li, C., Hui, H. S.-Y., Scoville, D., Ruggiero, A. D., Liang, Y., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551354 · Cited by 5
Liu, B., Gu, Y., Ou, Y., Liu, L., Wang, W., Zhou, J., Wang, Y., Du, Y., Xie, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2025) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2025.105483 · Cited by 4
Lenart, K., Feuerstein, H., Marmorato, M. P., Vidakovics, L. P., McInerney, G. M., Guebre‐Xabier, M., Trost, J. F., Eriksson, B., Smith, G., Patel, N., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60885-0 · Cited by 4
Rewired type I IFN signaling is linked to age-dependent differences in COVID-19
Petrov, L., Brumhard, S., Wisniewski, S., Georg, P., Hillus, D., Hiller, A. L., Astaburuaga-García, R., Blüthgen, N., Wyler, E., Vogt, K., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102285 · Cited by 4
Lim, S. Y., Kim, J.-W., Kim, J. Y., Kang, S., Jang, C., Chang, E., Yang, J., Kim, K.-C., Jang, H., Kim, D. S., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad579 · Cited by 4
22q11.2 Deletion and Duplication Syndromes and COVID-19
Crowley, T. B., McGinn, D. M., Sullivan, K. E., International q11.2 COVID group report, Cancrini, C., Gennery, A. R., Kumararatne, D. S., McGinn, D. M., Óskarsdóttir, S., Richter, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-022-01246-0 · Cited by 4
Hilligan, K. L., Oyesola, O. O., Namasivayam, S., Howard, N., Clancy, C. S., Oland, S. D., Garza, N. L., Lafont, B. A. P., Johnson, R. F., Mayer-Barber, K. D., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.09.515832 · Cited by 4
mRNA vaccines with RBD mutations have broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice
Liang, X., Yuan, Y., Wang, J., Tang, C., Yang, Y. K., Zhou, Y., Yang, H., Huang, Q., Yu, W., Wang, H., et al. (2025) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-025-01066-4 · Cited by 3
Prolonged Protective Immunity Induced by Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection of K18-hACE2 Mice
Bar‐On, L., Aftalion, M., Makdasi, E., Gur, D., Alcalay, R., Cohen, H., Beth-Din, A., Rosenfeld, R., Achdout, H., Bar‐Haim, E., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10040613 · Cited by 3
Assessment of formation and durability of adaptive immunity in COVID-19 convasescents
Ia, I., Filippenko, A. V., Trufanova, A. A., Omelchenko, N. D., Чемисова, О. С., Vodopyanov, A. S., Березняк, Е. А., Sokolova, E. P., Носков, А. К., & Totolyan, A. A. (2023) · Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity · doi:10.15789/2220-7619-aof-2107 · Cited by 3
Hsieh, M.-S., Hsu, C.-W., Liao, H., Lin, C.-L., Chiang, C.-Y., Chen, M., Liu, S., Liao, C., & Chen, H. (2024) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01546-23 · Cited by 3
Song, Y., Lou, L., & Zhang, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327093 · Cited by 2
Smither, S. J., Kempster, S. L., Priestnall, S. L., Suárez‐Bonnet, A., Stapleton, H. L., Laws, T. R., Ferguson, D., Almond, N. M., Lever, M. S., & Williamson, E. D. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14081769 · Cited by 2
SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern elicit divergent early immune responses in hACE2 transgenic mice
Fricke, C., Pfaff, F., Ulrich, L., Halwe, N. J., Schön, J., Timm, L., Hoffmann, W., Rauch, S., Petsch, B., Hoffmann, D., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202250332 · Cited by 4
Kruglov, A., Bondareva, M. A., Gogoleva, V. S., Semin, I. K., Astrakhantseva, I. V., Zvartsev, R. V., Lunin, A. S., Apolokhov, V. D., Shustova, E. Y., Volok, V. P., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202350664 · Cited by 3
Impact of memory T cells on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in hematopoietic stem cell transplant
VanOudenhove, J., Liu, Y., Nelakanti, R. V., Kim, D., Busarello, E., Ovalle, N. T., Qi, Z., Mamillapalli, P., Siddon, A. J., Bai, Z., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320744 · Cited by 3
Carter, B., Huang, P., Liu, G., Liang, Y., Lin, P. J. C., Peng, B., McKay, L. G. A., Dimitrakakis, A., Hsu, J. C., Tat, V., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.23.509206 · Cited by 3
Seo, H. Y., Jung, H., Lee, S., Jung, H.-G., Cho, H., Son, Y.-M., Bak, Y., Hwang, S.-Y., Kim, J.-H., Park, I. H., et al. (2026) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2026.102886 · Cited by 3
Stoler, S. T., van Hal, S. J., Chadban, S. J., Le, T., Torzillo, P. J., Scarlato, R., Wyburn, K., Perkins, G. B., & Marinelli, T. M. (2023) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.14235 · Cited by 2
Kinetics and Durability of Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Children
Files, M. A., Gentles, L. E., Kehoe, L., Adler, A., Lacombe, K., Dickerson, J. A., Greninger, A. L., Waghmare, A., Fairlie, T. A., Pringle, K. D., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae301 · Cited by 3
Cui, L., Wang, J., Orlando, F., Giacconi, R., Malavolta, M., Bartozzi, B., Galeazzi, R., Giorgini, G., Pesce, L., Cardarelli, F., et al. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c03285 · Cited by 2
Uraki, R., Kiso, M., Ito, M., Yamayoshi, S., Halfmann, P., Jain, S., Suthar, M. S., Lopes, T. J. S., Jounai, N., Miyaji, K., et al. (2025) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105794 · Cited by 2
Kawasaki, T., Ikegawa, M., & Kawai, T. (2025) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaf033 · Cited by 2
The T cell receptor repertoire reflects the dynamics of the immune response to vaccinationPreprint
Mohammed, K., Meadows, A., Hekmaty, S., Hatem, S., Simon, V. R., Jayaprakash, A. D., & Sachidanandam, R. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.09.471735 · Cited by 2
Corleis, B., Hoffmann, D., Rauch, S., Fricke, C., Roth, N., Gergen, J., Kovacikova, K., Schlottau, K., Halwe, N. J., Ulrich, L., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.20.485440 · Cited by 2
Moriyama, M., Rodrigues, G. R., Wang, J., Hudak, A., Dong, H., Homer, R., Weissman, D., Ma, S., & Iwasaki, A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.616291 · Cited by 2
Self-citationAltered COVID-19 immunity in children with asthma by atopic status
Tong, S., Scott, J. C., Eyoh, E., Werthmann, D., Stone, A. E., Murrell, A. E., Sabino‐Santos, G., Trinh, I. V., Chandra, S., Elliott, D. H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global · doi:10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100236 · Cited by 4
Chen, G., Nguyen, T., McKay, L. G. A., Nakka, S. S., Hu, P., McBride, J., Liang, A. C. T., Olson, R. M., Moon, J. J., Luster, A. D., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adx0037 · Cited by 4
Pan, Z., Zheng, X., Jiang, L., Ding, C., Liu, Y., Peng, H., Liu, Y., He, Y., Tang, W., Zhang, C., et al. (2026) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-026-01383-2 · Cited by 1
Kim, J. H., Knutson, A., Smith, J., Guan, S., Chen, L., Mortezavi, M., Sloan, A., Banerjee, A., Baniecki, M. L., Hyde, C., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-42989-9 · Cited by 1
Vaccine-derived T-cell responses are insufficient to generate protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2
Cha, S.-C., Szymura, S. J., Anderson, A., Dong, Z., Kandel, A., Oh, E., Palmer, M., Arango, K., Zhang, J., & Kwak, L. W. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-44391-x · Cited by 1
Eltobgy, M. M., Shamseldin, M. M., Whitham, O. D., Amer, H. M., Atkinson, J., Badr, A., Hall, J. M., Gupta, G., Hassan, Y. Y., ElMergawy, R., et al. (2026) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.199896 · Cited by 1
Járvás, G., Szerenyi, D., Jankovics, H., Vonderviszt, F., Tóvári, J., Takacs, L., Foldes, F., Somogyi, B., Jakab, F., & Guttman, A. (2023) · Microchimica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00604-023-05671-9 · Cited by 2
mRNA vaccine-induced IgG mediates nasal SARS-CoV-2 clearance in mice
Fricke, C., Ulrich, L., Kochmann, J., Gergen, J., Kovacikova, K., Roth, N., Beer, J., Schnepf, D., Mettenleiter, T. C., Rauch, S., et al. (2024) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102360 · Cited by 1
Pan, Z., Jiang, L., Chen, Y., Peng, H., Liu, Y., Zheng, X., He, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01099-25 · Cited by 1
Baxter, V. K., Anderson, E. J., Taft-Benz, S., Olsen, K. S., Sambade, M. J., Gentry, K. M., Beck, W. A., Garness, J. A., Woods, A., Fini, M., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481499 · Cited by 1
Antibody Responses In Non-Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infections Are Driven By CD4+ T cells and AgePreprint
Murrell, A. E., Eyoh, E., Shaffer, J. G., Dietrich, M. L., Trinh, I. V., Yockachonis, T. J., Bai, S., Zheng, C. Y., Mayne, C. V., Cabrera, S. E., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.04.22.22274032 · Cited by 1
Tsoleridis, T., Fan, C., Park, E. J., Duncan, J. D., Sharma, P., Wartnaby, S., Chappell, J. G., Kipar, A., Bentley, E. G., Kirby, A., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.03.631215 · Cited by 1
Hoque, A. M., Rahman, M. M., Parvez, S., Imam, H., Nahar, N., & Chowdhury, F. U. H. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.21266338
Yavuz, S. Ş., Tunçer, G., Aydın, Ö. A., Aydın, M., Pehlıvanoglu, F., Tok, Y., Meşe, S., Gündüz, A., Geyiktepe-Güçlü, C., Özdoğan, İ., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1063869/v1
Córdova, E., Lespada, M. I., Cecchini, D. M., Nieto, F., Palonsky, S., Badran, M., Bernasconi, S. V., Bacelar, B., Morganti, L., Garibaldi, F., et al. (2022) · Vacunas (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.vacune.2022.05.003
Pandey, B., Wang, Z., Jimenez, A. C., Bhatia, E., Jain, R., Beach, A., Maniar, D., Hosten, J., O’Farrell, L., Vantucci, C. E., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539395
Allers, K., Moos, V., Hofmann, J., Witkowski, M., Haibel, H., Angermair, S., & Schneider, T. (2023) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2023.109712
Rewired type I IFN signaling is linked to age-dependent differences in COVID-19Preprint
Petrov, L., Brumhard, S., Wisniewski, S., Georg, P., Hillus, D., Hiller, A. L., Astaburuaga-García, R., Blüthgen, N., Wyler, E., Vogt, K., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619479
Zhao, P., Pan, Z., Xu, Z., Jiang, L., Ding, C., Liu, Y., Peng, H., Liu, Y., He, Y., Tang, W., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5736071/v1
Targeting tuberculosis with LNP-mRNA vaccines: opportunities, challenges and future directions
Lukeman, H., Chan, E., & Triccas, J. A. (2025) · Microbiology Australia · doi:10.1071/ma25017
Yamamoto, S., Ikeuchi, K., Saito, M., Okushin, K., Kado, A., Kitaura, S., Okugawa, S., & Tsutsumi, T. (2025) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102830
Yang, J., Strodl, E. S., Xu, H., Jiang, H., Chu, K., Tan, S., Ye, Z., Shi, H., Chen, W., & Tong, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1685868
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623208
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623190
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623199
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623205
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623196
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623202
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623211
Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., Olivas‐Martínez, I., Garrido‐Rodríguez, V., Lozano, C., Álvarez-Ríos, A. I., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Sánchez-Bejarano, E., Maldonado-Calzado, I., Martín-Lara, J. M., et al. (2023) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22623193
Gröhn, S., Lehto, H., Soppela, S., Naves, R. A., Ritvos, M. A., Iakubovskaia, A., Lampinen, V., Mustonen, I., Pakkala, S., Husu, E., et al. (2026) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-026-12634-x · Cited by 1
Portilho, A. I., Andreata‐Santos, R., Duarte-Barbosa, M., Chaves, A. P. C., da Costa, H. H. M., de Melo, N. S., Segati, A. F., Oliveira, G. S., Prudêncio, C. R., Janini, L. M., et al. (2026) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129011
Metadata
- Authors
- Israelow, B., Mao, T., Klein, J., Song, E., Menasche, B., Omer, S. B., & Iwasaki, A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iwasaki, Akiko
- Venue
- Science Immunology
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2021-05-19
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 64
- Pages
- eabl4509-eabl4509
- ISSN
- 2470-9468 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9047536
- OpenAlex
- W3197127917
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 21
- FWCI
- 13.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Science Immunology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Yale University
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- National Cancer Institute (F30CA239444)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007205)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI157488, K08AI163493, T32AI007019, T32AI007517)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, adaptive immunity, viral clearance, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, antibody response, mRNA vaccination, B.1.351 variant, Omicron variant, COVID-19 protection, mouse model
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
