PreprintCited by 518Genetic Syndromes and ImprintingEpigenetics and DNA MethylationGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

Mammalian genomic imprinting

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Bartolomei, M. S., Ferguson-Smith, A. C.·2011·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Abstract

Normal mammalian development requires a maternal and paternal contribution, which is attributed to imprinted genes, or genes that are expressed from a single parental allele. Approximately 100 imprinted genes have been reported in mammals thus far. Imprinted genes are controlled by cis-acting regulatory elements, termed imprinting control regions (ICRs), which have parental-specific epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation. ICRs are methylated by de novo DNA methyltransferases during germline development; these parental-specific modifications must be maintained following fertilization when the genome is extensively reprogrammed. Many imprinted genes reside in ∼1-megabase clusters, with two major mechanisms of imprinting regulation currently recognized, CTCF-dependent insulators and long noncoding RNAs. Unclustered imprinted genes are generally regulated by germline-derived differential promoter methylation. Here, we describe the identification and functions of imprinted genes, cis-acting control sequences, trans-acting factors, and imprinting mechanisms in clusters. Finally, we define questions that require more extensive research.

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  • Genomic imprinting hypothetically evolved to control the dosage of developmentally important genes and occurs in about 100 mammalian genes.

    “Genomic imprinting hypothetically evolved to control the dosage of developmentally important genes and occurs in about 100 mammalian genes.113”

    From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [113]

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  1. Cattanach BM 1982. Non-disjunction tests with Robertsonian translocations. Mouse News Lett 66: 62–63 [Google Scholar]
  2. Temple IK, Shield JP 2002. Transient neonatal diabetes, a disorder of imprinting. J Med Genet 39: 872–875 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Bartolomei, M. S., & Ferguson-Smith, A. C.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Published
2011-05-16
Volume
3
Issue
7
Pages
a002592-a002592
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2129246334
Cited by
518
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 41
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • U.S. Public Health Service
  • Medical Research Council
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-51279, R01GM051279, R37GM051279)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD42026, R01HD042026)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords
genomic imprinting, imprinted genes, imprinting control regions, DNA methylation, cis-regulatory elements, long non-coding RNA, imprinted gene clusters, germ cell development, trans-acting factors
MeSH terms
Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mammals, Models, Genetic, Genomic Imprinting, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA Methylation, RNA, Untranslated, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Mice

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