Mammalian genomic imprinting
Open accessAbstract
Normal mammalian development requires a maternal and paternal contribution, which is attributed to imprinted genes, or genes that are expressed from a single parental allele. Approximately 100 imprinted genes have been reported in mammals thus far. Imprinted genes are controlled by cis-acting regulatory elements, termed imprinting control regions (ICRs), which have parental-specific epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation. ICRs are methylated by de novo DNA methyltransferases during germline development; these parental-specific modifications must be maintained following fertilization when the genome is extensively reprogrammed. Many imprinted genes reside in ∼1-megabase clusters, with two major mechanisms of imprinting regulation currently recognized, CTCF-dependent insulators and long noncoding RNAs. Unclustered imprinted genes are generally regulated by germline-derived differential promoter methylation. Here, we describe the identification and functions of imprinted genes, cis-acting control sequences, trans-acting factors, and imprinting mechanisms in clusters. Finally, we define questions that require more extensive research.
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Genomic imprinting hypothetically evolved to control the dosage of developmentally important genes and occurs in about 100 mammalian genes.
“Genomic imprinting hypothetically evolved to control the dosage of developmentally important genes and occurs in about 100 mammalian genes.113”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [113]
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Three-dimensional conformation at the H19/Igf2 locus supports a model of enhancer tracking
Engel, N., Raval, A., Thorvaldsen, J. L., & Bartolommei, S. (2008) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn200 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Genomic imprinting: A balance between antagonistic roles of parental chromosomes
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Maintenance of paternal methylation and repression of the imprinted H19 gene requires MBD3
Reese, K. J., Lin, S., Verona, R. I., Schultz, R. M., & Bartolomei, M. S. (2005) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030137.eor · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Genomic Imprinting in MammalsPreprint
Barlow, D. P., & Bartolomei, M. S. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a018382 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
“To date, many more maternally than paternally methylated gametic DMRs have been identified (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith 2011).”
BackgroundX-Inactivation, Imprinting, and Long Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease
Lee, J. T., & Bartolomei, M. S. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.016 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
“Most ICRs are methylated in the female germline during oocyte growth (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
BackgroundPhenotypic impact of genomic structural variation: insights from and for human disease
Weischenfeldt, J., Symmons, O., Spitz, F., & Korbel, J. O. (2013) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3373 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Pubertal development and regulation
Abreu, A. P., & Kaiser, U. B. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00418-0 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Long non-coding RNAs: spatial amplifiers that control nuclear structure and gene expression
Engreitz, J., Ollikainen, N., & Guttman, M. (2016) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm.2016.126 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Reprogramming of DNA Methylation in Pollen Guides Epigenetic Inheritance via Small RNA
Calarco, J. P., Borges, F., Donoghue, M. T. A., Ex, F. V., Jullien, P. E., Lopes, T., Gardner, R., Berger, F., Feijó, J. A., Becker, J. D., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.001 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
“For example, imprinted genes in the mouse are expressed predominantly from either the paternal allele or from thematernal allele in the diploid embryo and so must be reprogrammed in the germline depending on its sex (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
Genomic Imprinting and Physiological Processes in Mammals
Tucci, V., Isles, A. R., Kelsey, G., Ferguson‐Smith, A. C., Tucci, V., Bartolomei, M. S., Benvenisty, N., Bourc’his, D., Charalambous, M., Dulac, C. G., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.043 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
“There are only three known paternally derived germline methylation imprints and these are all intergenic; i n contrast, over twenty ICRs are generated in the maternal germline and these are all at CpG-rich promoters (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
Xie, W., Barr, C. L., Kim, A., Yue, F., Lee, A. Y., Eubanks, J., Dempster, E. L., & Ren, B. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.035 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Airn Transcriptional Overlap, But Not Its lncRNA Products, Induces Imprinted Igf2r Silencing
Latos, P. A., Pauler, F. M., Koerner, M. V., Senergin, B. H., Hudson, Q. J., Stocsits, R. R., Allhoff, W., Stricker, S. H., Klement, R. M., Warczok, K. E., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1228110 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Beliveau, B. J., Boettiger, A. N., Avendaño, M. S., Jungmann, R., McCole, R. B., Joyce, E. F., Kim-Kiselak, C., Bantignies, F., Fonseka, C. Y., Erceg, J., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8147 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
“…and chromosomal regions would greatly advance our capacity to investigate phenomena such as X-inactivation 40 , imprinted gene expression 41 , and random mono-allelic expression 42 ; the few methods that are available either rely on relatively inefficient enzymatic signal amplification…”
Transgenerational inheritance: Models and mechanisms of non–DNA sequence–based inheritance
Miska, E. A., & Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf4945 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Self-citationDaddy Issues: Paternal Effects on Phenotype
Rando, O. J. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.020 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Bisphenol A Exposure Disrupts Genomic Imprinting in the Mouse
Susiarjo, M., Sasson, I. E., Mesaros, C., & Bartolomei, M. S. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003401 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
“As imprinted genes play a critical role in placental development [35], we determined whether aberrant imprinting induced by BPA exposure was associated with abnormal placental phenotypes.”
BackgroundMechanisms of epigenetic memory
D’Urso, A., & Brickner, J. H. (2014) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2014.04.004 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
“For example, in many organisms including humans, genomic imprinting, the exclusive expression of a single parental allele (maternal or paternal), can lead to phenotypic differences between genetically identical individuals [73].”
BackgroundSETD2 regulates the maternal epigenome, genomic imprinting and embryonic development
Xu, Q., Xiang, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, L., Brind’Amour, J., Bogutz, A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, B., Yu, G., Xia, W., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0398-7 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
I’m Eating for Two: Parental Dietary Effects on Offspring Metabolism
Rando, O. J., & Simmons, R. A. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.021 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
“Of course, a small subset of cytosine methylation on the paternal genome escapes erasure, with paternally contributed methylation at a subset of imprinted loci providing the canonical examples (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
Bipartite structure of the inactive mouse X chromosome
Deng, X., Ma, W., Ramani, V., Hill, A. J., Yang, F., Ay, F., Berletch, J. B., Blau, C. A., Shendure, J., Duan, Z., et al. (2015) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0728-8 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
“In contrast, X-linked genes are subject to silencing by X chromosome inactivation (XCI) on one of the two homologs in female somatic cells [2], and a subset of autosomal genes are subject to imprinting and expressed from either the paternal or maternal allele [3].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRole of Tet1 in erasure of genomic imprinting
Yamaguchi, S., Shen, L., Liu, Y., Sendler, D. J., & Zhang, Y. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12805 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Genomic imprinting in development, growth, behavior and stem cells
Plasschaert, R. N., & Bartolomei, M. S. (2014) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.101428 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The Role of KRAB-ZFPs in Transposable Element Repression and Mammalian Evolution
Yang, P., Wang, Y., & Macfarlan, T. S. (2017) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2017.08.006 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“In mice, the differential establishment of heterochromatin and DNA methylation at imprint control regions (ICRs) in the germline and their maintenance during embryonic development is crucial for imprinted gene regulation [74,75].”
BackgroundEpigenome in Early Mammalian Development: Inheritance, Reprogramming and Establishment
Xu, Q., & Xie, W. (2017) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2017.10.008 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The landscape of genomic imprinting across diverse adult human tissuesPreprint
Baran, Y., Subramaniam, M., Biton, A., Tukiainen, T., Tsang, E. K., Rivas, M. A., Pirinen, M., Gutiérrez‐Arcelus, M., Smith, K. S., Kukurba, K., et al. (2015) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.192278.115 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Dosage Compensation of the Sex Chromosomes
Distèche, C. M. (2012) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155454 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“Imprinted genes are normally expressed either from the maternal or paternal allele, and severe phenotypes result from aberrant expression (9).”
BackgroundThe role of DNA methylation in ageing and cancer
Morgan, A. E., Davies, T. J., & Auley, M. T. M. (2018) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665118000150 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
“Inappropriate methylation during development can result in imprinting failures and diseases including Beckwith–Wiedemann, Prader– Willi, Silver–Russell and Angelmans’ syndromes((19)).”
BackgroundReinius, B., & Sandberg, R. (2015) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3888 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Paternally expressed genes predominate in the placenta
Wang, X., Miller, D. C., Harman, R. M., Antczak, D. F., & Clark, A. G. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308998110 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“G imprinting is a form of epigenetic modification in which gene expression differs in an allele-specific manner depending on parent of origin (1).”
BackgroundInfluentialHow does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?
Ashe, A., Colot, V., & Oldroyd, B. P. (2021) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0111 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The origin and evolution of genomic imprinting and viviparity in mammals
Renfree, M. B., Suzuki, S., & Kaneko‐Ishino, T. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0151 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Metabolic Inputs into the Epigenome
Sharma, U., & Rando, O. J. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.003 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Pathogenetics of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins
Szafrański, P., Gambin, T., Dharmadhikari, A. V., Akdemir, K. C., Jhangiani, S. N., Schuette, J. J., Godiwala, N., Yatsenko, S. A., Sebastian, J., Madan‐Khetarpal, S., et al. (2016) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-016-1655-9 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“3 in transient neonatal diabetes mellitus 1 (OMIM 601410) (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith 2011 ).”
Wang, M., Chen, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2022112012 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Sharma, U. (2019) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2019.00215 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Mendelian Disorders of the Epigenetic Machinery: Tipping the Balance of Chromatin States
Fahrner, J. A., & Bjornsson, H. T. (2014) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-090613-094245 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“The classical imprinting disorders have traditionally been thought to result exclusively from individual locus-specific effects occurring in cis (9).”
Zhang, M., Xie, S., Dong, X., Zhao, X., Zeng, B., Chen, J., Li, H., Yang, W., Zhao, H., Wang, G., et al. (2013) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.155879.113 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Strogantsev, R., Krueger, F., Yamazawa, K., Shi, H., Gould, P., Goldman-Roberts, M., McEwen, K., Sun, B., Pedersen, R., & Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2015) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0672-7 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Genomic imprinting is a mechanism of gene regulation occurring in eutherian mammals and to a lesser extent marsupials [1–3].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLi, Y., Zheng, H., Wang, Q., Zhou, C., Wei, L., Liu, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Du, Z., Wang, X., et al. (2018) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-018-1390-8 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mark regulating gene repression, genomic imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation [4, 5].”
Janecka, M., Mill, J., Basson, M. A., Goriely, A., Spiers, H., Reichenberg, A., Schalkwyk, L., & Fernandes, C. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.294 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The role of methylation of DNA in environmental adaptation
Flores, K. B., Wolschin, F., & Amdam, G. V. (2013) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/ict019 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Evolution and function of genomic imprinting in plantsPreprint
Rodrigues, J. A., & Zilberman, D. (2015) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.269902.115 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“Manymammalian imprintedgenesaffect resourceacquisition fromthematernal parent either by direct regulation of nutrient transfer from the placenta and embryo growth or through influence on maternal–offspring interactions (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith 2011).”
BackgroundChen, Z., Hagen, D. E., Elsik, C. G., Ji, T., Morris, C. J., Moon, L. E., & Rivera, R. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1422088112 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 137C(1):12–23.”
BackgroundInfluentialTransgenerational Epigenetic Effects on Brain Functions
Bohacek, J., Gapp, K., Saab, B. J., & Mansuy, I. M. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.019 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Hamada, H., Okae, H., Toh, H., Chiba, H., Hiura, H., Shirane, K., Sato, T., Suyama, M., Yaegashi, N., Sasaki, H., et al. (2016) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.021 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Epigenetic Research in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: the “Tissue Issue”
Bakulski, K. M., Halladay, A., Hu, V. W., Mill, J., & Fallin, M. D. (2016) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-016-0083-4 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Waters, A. J., Bilinski, P., Eichten, S. R., Vaughn, M. W., Ross‐Ibarra, J., Gehring, M. A., & Springer, N. M. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1309182110 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“Imprinting is observed in both flowering plants and mammals (1–3) but there are differences in the mechanisms and organization of imprinted genes in these organisms (1, 4).”
BackgroundRatajczak, M. Z., Ratajczak, J., Suszyńska, M., Miller, D. M., Kucia, M., & Shin, D. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.309362 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“Based on the ability of uncultured VSELs to (1) differentiate in vivo into multiple mesenchymal lineages and (2) generate osseous tissues at low density, Taichman et al58 proposed that VSELs fulfill many of the required characteristics of precursors for MSCs. Recently, a similar bone-forming potential of human VSELs h…”
BackgroundInfluentialEpigenetic regulation in development: is the mouse a good model for the human?
Hanna, C. W., Demond, H., & Kelsey, G. (2018) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy021 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Long noncoding RNA: an emerging player in diabetes and diabetic kidney disease
Guo, J., Liu, Z., & Gong, R. (2019) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20190372 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Intergenerational Transfer of Epigenetic Information in SpermPreprint
Rando, O. J. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a022988 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Dosage compensation of the sex chromosomes and autosomes
Distèche, C. M. (2016) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.013 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“It should be noted that there are interesting parallels between mechanisms that silence imprinted genes and those that silence genes regulated by X inactivation [62], both types of genes being regulated by cis-acting lncRNAs, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and specific nuclear positioning [63].”
BackgroundRandom Monoallelic Gene Expression Increases upon Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Eckersley-Maslin, M. A., Thybert, D., Bergmann, J. H., Marioni, J. C., Flicek, P., & Spector, D. L. (2014) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2014.01.017 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Well characterized and extensively studied examples include X-chromosome inactivation (reviewed in Guidi et al., 2004; Schulz and Heard, 2013), and genomic imprinting (reviewed in Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011; McAnally and Yampolsky, 2010).”
BackgroundChiesa, N., Crescenzo, A. D., Mishra, K., Perone, L., Carella, M., Palumbo, O., Mussa, A., Sparago, A., Cerrato, F., Russo, S., et al. (2011) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr419 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“The molecular basis for ICR recognition during imprinting establishment is still undefined (1,2).”
BackgroundStem cells in the hood: the skeletal muscle niche
Pannérec, A., Marazzi, G., & Sassoon, D. A. (2012) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.07.004 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Evolving insights on how cytosine methylation affects protein-DNA binding
Dantas Machado, A. C., Zhou, T., Rao, S., Goel, P., Rastogi, C., Lazarovici, A., Bussemaker, H. J., & Rohs, R. (2015) · Briefings in Functional Genomics · doi:10.1093/bfgp/elu040 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“genomic imprinting [3] and genome reprogramming”
Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of somatic transcriptomes and epigenetic control regions
Skinner, M. K., Manikkam, M., Haque, M. M., Zhang, B., & Savenkova, M. I. (2012) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2012-13-10-r91 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Therefore, an epigenetic DNA methylation region can regulate the expression of a number of distal genes [17,28].”
BackgroundInfluentialEpigenetics and imprinting in human disease
Kalish, J. M., Jiang, C., & Bartolomei, M. S. (2014) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.140077mb · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“Through the use of the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B and the accessory protein DNMT3L, ICRs and DMRs are specifically methylated in the male or female germline (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
MethodChen, Z., Yin, Q., Inoue, A., Zhang, C., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay7246 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“, germline or primary differentially methylated regions (DMRs)], maintained in preimplantation embryos when global epigenetic reprogramming takes place, and eventually erased in primordial germ cells to reset the sperm- or oocyte-specific imprints (1).”
BackgroundInfluentialGenome accessibility is widely preserved and locally modulated during mitosisPreprint
Hsiung, C., Morrissey, C. S., Udugama, M., Frank, C. L., Keller, C. A., Baek, S., Giardine, B., Crawford, G. E., Sung, M.-H., Hardison, R., et al. (2015) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.180646.114 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“…DNA methylation patterns specifically in mitosis, given its well-established role in epigenetic memory on the time scales of organismal development (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith 2011), it is reasonable to assume that DNA methylation is unaltered during mitosis and thus might contribute to one…”
Parent-offspring conflict and the evolution of infant-directed song
Mehr, S. A., & Krasnow, M. M. (2017) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.12.005 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Moreover, imprinted genes tend to be clustered such that imprinted regions coordinate multiple adaptive targets relevant to parental conflict of interest (Bartolomei & Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
BackgroundForging our understanding of lncRNAs in the brain
Andersen, R., & Lim, D. A. (2017) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-017-2711-z · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Random monoallelic expression: regulating gene expression one allele at a time
Eckersley-Maslin, M. A., & Spector, D. L. (2014) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2014.03.003 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Environmentally induced epigenetic toxicity: potential public health concerns
Marczylo, E. L., Jacobs, M. N., & Gant, T. W. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2016.1175417 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Rebooting the Epigenomes during Mammalian Early Embryogenesis
Xia, W., & Xie, W. (2020) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.09.005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“One crucial function of such transcription-dependent DNA methylation is to establish genomic imprints, which are gamete-specific methylation marks that control allele-specific gene expression once passed on to the fertilized embryos (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
BackgroundEpigenetic aberrations in human pluripotent stem cells
Bar, S., & Benvenisty, N. (2019) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2018101033 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Thus, alteration in a single region can drive both biallelic expression and silencing of multiple genes (Bartolomei & Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
Epigenetic Reprogramming in Early Animal DevelopmentPreprint
Du, Z., Zhang, K., & Xie, W. (2021) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a039677 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Perez, J. D., Rubinstein, N. D., & Dulac, C. G. (2016) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113708 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Garieri, M., Stamoulis, G., Blanc, X., Falconnet, E., Ribaux, P., Borel, C., Santoni, F. A., & Antonarakis, S. E. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1806811115 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“As expected, the IS is strongly negatively correlated with expression from the ARSE (29) CA5B (29) CA5BP1 (42) DDX3X (51) HUWE1 (13) INE2 (10) KDM6A (22) MED14 (4) PUDP (63) RBMX (0) SMC1A (41) STS (20) TTC3P1 (25) USP9X (34) ZFX (94) CA5BP1 (37) DDX3X (29) HUWE1 (23) INE2 (14) KDM5C (38) KDM6A (16) MED14 (0) MXRA5 (4…”
BackgroundMethodological aspects of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis
Adusumalli, S., Omar, M. F. M., Soong, R., & Benoukraf, T. (2014) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbu016 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“[87–90].”
Santoro, F., Mayer, D., Klement, R. M., Warczok, K. E., Stukalov, A., Barlow, D. P., & Pauler, F. M. (2013) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.088849 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
McCarrey, J. R. (2013) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.113.110502 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“In addition, this is the stage at which imprinted genes are biallelically reprogrammed in each sex such that paternally imprinted genes will become biallelically methylated in spermatogenic cells, while maternally imprinted genes will be biallelically methylated in oogenic cells [111].”
BackgroundQuantitative and functional interrogation of parent-of-origin allelic expression biases in the brain
Perez, J. D., Rubinstein, N. D., Fernandez, D. E., Santoro, S. W., Needleman, L. A., Ho-Shing, O., Choi, J. J., Zirlinger, M., Chen, S., Liu, J. S., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.07860 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“…genes, monoallelic or parentally biased expression has been shown to be primarily dependent on DNA methylation marks established in one of the parental germ lines, and maintained post-fertilization in the parental alleles of the embryo and mature organism (Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
BackgroundThe Interplay between DNA Methylation, Folate and Neurocognitive Development
Irwin, R. E., Pentieva, K. D., Cassidy, T., Lees‐Murdock, D. J., McLaughlin, M., Prasad, G., McNulty, H., & Walsh, C. P. (2016) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2016-0003 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Adhami, H. A., Evano, B., Digarcher, A. L., Gueydan, C., Dubois, E., Parrinello, H., Dantec, C., Bouschet, T., Varrault, A., & Journot, L. (2015) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.175919.114 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Epigenetics and phenotypic variability: some interesting insights from birds
Frésard, L., Morisson, M., Brun, J. M. J. M., Collin, A., Pain, B., Minvielle, F., & Frédérique Pitel, A. (2013) · Genetics Selection Evolution · doi:10.1186/1297-9686-45-16 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“As recently reviewed, these signatures need to differentiate paternal and maternal inherited chromosomes in order to influence transcription, and to be transmitted through generations [67].”
BackgroundBeygo, J., Citro, V., Sparago, A., Crescenzo, A. D., Cerrato, F., Heitmann, M., Rademacher, K., Guala, A., Enklaar, T., Anichini, C., et al. (2012) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/dds465 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Histone modifications likely contribute to the establishment and/or maintenance of the differential expression of the imprinted genes on the parental alleles (4,5).”
BackgroundUsing next-generation RNA sequencing to identify imprinted genes
Wang, X., & Clark, A. G. (2014) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.18 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“In some cases, the deviation from 50%:50% is dependent on the parent of origin, such as genomic imprinting (Reik and Walter, 2001; Barlow, 2011; Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011) and imprinted X chromosome inactivation (Wake et al., 1976; Huynh and Lee, 2001; Xue et al., 2002; Dindot et al.,…”
BackgroundTargeted DNA methylation in human cells using engineered dCas9-methyltransferases
Xiong, T., Meister, G. E., Workman, R. E., Kato, N. C., Spellberg, M. J., Türker, F., Timp, W., Ostermeier, M., & Novina, C. D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06757-0 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“(4) Off-target DNA methylation occurs with dCas9 bound at the intended site, and methylation at off-target sites is proportional to a site’s proximity to the target site, which would be dependent on plasmid 3D topology in the cell.”
BackgroundRatajczak, M. Z. (2012) · Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica · doi:10.5603/fhc.2012.0026 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Imprinting at the Igf2-H19 locus is one of the major factors preventing parthenogenetic development in mammals, and the biological importance of this locus is demonstrated by the additional steps necessary for the creation of viable bimaternal mice derived from two female sets of chromosomes [1–4].”
BackgroundInfluentialPlacental expression profile of imprinted genes impacts birth weight
Deyssenroth, M. A., Green, B. B., Armstrong, D. A., Sharp, A. J., Lambertini, L., Marsit, C. J., & Chen, J. (2015) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2015.1073881 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“These genes represent a subset of loci that are monoallelically expressed in a parent-of-origin manner and are predominately active in the placenta during fetal development.(5) Early studies delineating the function of imprinted genes indicated a trend in which paternally expressed genes are involved in processes that…”
BackgroundDNA methylation in human sperm: a systematic review
Åsenius, F., Danson, A. F., & Marzi, S. J. (2020) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaa025 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Dynamics of DNA Methylation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease
Irier, H. A., & Jin, P. (2012) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2011.1565 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Together with histone modifications, the 5mC modulates epigenetic processes, such as gene silencing via CpG islands (CGIs) (Sharma et al., 2010), and is involved in genomic imprinting (Bird, 2002; Yasukochi et al., 2010; Bartolomei and Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
BackgroundAberrant DNA methylation reprogramming in bovine SCNT preimplantation embryos
Zhang, S., Chen, X., Wang, F., An, X., Tang, B., Zhang, X., Sun, L., & Li, Z. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30345 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Paternal impact on the life course development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the offspring
Sharp, G. C., & Lawlor, D. A. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4919-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Noncanonical Genomic Imprinting Effects in Offspring
Bonthuis, P. J., Huang, W.-C., Hörndli, C. S., Ferris, E., Cheng, T., & Gregg, C. J. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.017 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Genomic Imprinting in the Arabidopsis Embryo Is Partly Regulated by PRC2
Raissig, M. T., Bemer, M., Baroux, C., & Grossniklaus, U. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003862 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“To our knowledge mRNAs can only be transported symplastically via plasmodesmata [47].”
BackgroundInfluentialCharacters, functions and clinical perspectives of long non-coding RNAs
Wu, R., Su, Y., Wu, H., Dai, Y., Zhao, M., & Lu, Q. (2016) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-016-1179-y · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Epigenetic legacy of parental experiences: Dynamic and interactive pathways to inheritance
Champagne, F. A. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000808 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Though most genes display biallelic expression, imprinted genes are characterized by monoallelic expression patterns due to epigenetic silencing of either the paternal or the maternal allele (Bartolomei & Ferguson-Smith, 2011; Keverne, 2009; see Figure 2).”
BackgroundDarbandi, M., Darbandi, S., Agarwal, A. K., Baskaran, S., Dutta, S., Sengupta, P., Khorshid, H. R. K., Esteves, S. C., Gilany, K., Hedayati, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-018-1350-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Maternal H3K27me3-dependent autosomal and X chromosome imprinting
Chen, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-020-0245-9 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
DNA methylation in spermatozoa as a prospective marker in andrology
Kläver, R., Tüttelmann, F., Bleiziffer, A., Haaf, T., Kliesch, S., & Gromoll, J. (2013) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00118.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“This ensures the maintenance of their germ line-specific DNA methylation patterns and a parent-of-origin specific gene expression which plays an important role in embryonic development (Trasler, 2009; Bartolomei & Ferguson-Smith, 2011; Jenkins & Carrell, 2011).”
BackgroundLiao, J., Chen, B., Zhu, Z., Du, C., Gao, S., Zhao, G., Zhao, P., Wang, Y., Wang, A., Schwartz, Z., et al. (2023) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.008 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“The 30 enhancer has a more robust effect on the expression of H19 since H19 has a stronger promoter in this area than Igf2 and is physically closer to the 30 enhancer.(41,48,67,73) On the other hand, tissue-specific and parent-of-origin enhancers were also identified and proved to regulate the expression of Igf2-H19(4…”
BackgroundThe effects of superovulation and reproductive aging on the epigenome of the oocyte and embryo
Marshall, K. L., & Rivera, R. M. (2017) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.22951 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Genomic imprinting refers to the mechanism that drives parent-specific, monoallelic expression of a subset of genes in mammals (Bartolomei & Ferguson-Smith, 2011).”
BackgroundCowley, M., Skaar, D. A., Jima, D. D., Maguire, R. L., Hudson, K. M., Park, S. S., Sorrow, P., & Hoyo, C. (2018) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp2085 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ciccarone, F., Klinger, F. G., Catizone, A., Calabrese, R., Zampieri, M., Bacalini, M. G., Felici, M. D., & Caiafa, P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046927 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Although paternal pronucleus and PGCs seem to share similar active demethylating mechanisms [11,12], the outcome of these processes is quite different on imprinted loci [2,16].”
BackgroundDNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B proteins are differently expressed in mouse oocytes and early embryos
Uysal, F., Öztürk, S., & Akkoyunlu, G. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Histology · doi:10.1007/s10735-017-9739-y · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Conservation through the lens of (mal)adaptation: Concepts and meta‐analysis
Derry, A. M., Fraser, D. J., Brady, S. P., Astorg, L., Lawrence, E. R., Martin, G. K., Matte, J. O., Dastis, J. O. N., Paccard, A., Barrett, R. D. H., et al. (2019) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.12791 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Reshaping the transcriptional frontier: Epigenetics and somatic cell nuclear transfer
Long, C. R., Westhusin, M. E., & Golding, M. C. (2013) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.22271 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Russo, S., Calzari, L., Mussa, A., Mainini, E., Cassina, M., Candia, S. D., Clementi, M., Guzzetti, S., Tabano, S. M., Miozzo, M. R., et al. (2016) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0183-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“5 chromosomal region contains two clusters of imprinted genes, the monoallelic expression of which is independently regulated by cis-acting differentially methylated regions (DMRs) or imprinting control centers (ICR), ICR1 (alias H19/IGF2:IG-DMR) and ICR2 (alias KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR), corresponding to sequences methylated…”
BackgroundGlobal assessment of imprinted gene expression in the bovine conceptus by next generation sequencing
Chen, Z., Hagen, D., Wang, J., Elsik, C., Ji, T.-M., Siqueira, L., Hansen, P., & Rivera, R. M. (2016) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2016.1184805 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Most imprinted genes are organized in clusters and are regulated by cluster-specific DNA elements termed imprinting control regions (ICRs).(1) ICRs are marked with DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications in a sex-specific manner during gametogenesis.”
BackgroundInfluentialDNA methylomes of bovine gametes and in vivo produced preimplantation embryos
Jiang, Z., Lin, J., Dong, H., Zheng, X., Marjani, S. L., Duan, J. E., Ouyang, Z., Chen, J., & Tian, X. (2018) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy138 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Cheng, K., Fu, X.-W., Zhang, R.-N., Jia, G., Hou, Y., & Zhu, S. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.037 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bartolomei, M. S., & Ferguson-Smith, A. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- ORCID
- Bartolomei, M. S.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2011-05-16
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- a002592-a002592
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3119911
- OpenAlex
- W2129246334
- Cited by
- 518
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 41
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- U.S. Public Health Service
- Medical Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-51279, R01GM051279, R37GM051279)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD42026, R01HD042026)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- genomic imprinting, imprinted genes, imprinting control regions, DNA methylation, cis-regulatory elements, long non-coding RNA, imprinted gene clusters, germ cell development, trans-acting factors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mammals, Models, Genetic, Genomic Imprinting, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA Methylation, RNA, Untranslated, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Mice
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