Tumor suppression and normal aging in mice with constitutively high p53 activity
Open accessAbstract
The p53 inhibitor murine double-minute gene 2 (Mdm2) is a target for potential cancer therapies, however increased p53 function can be lethal. To directly address whether reduced Mdm2 function can inhibit tumorigenesis without causing detrimental side effects, we exploited a hypomorphic murine allele of mdm2 to compare the effects of decreased levels of Mdm2 and hence increased p53 activity on tumorigenesis and life span in mice. Here we report that mice with decreased levels of Mdm2 are resistant to tumor formation yet do not age prematurely, supporting the notion that Mdm2 is a promising target for cancer therapeutics.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences
Kirk, R. (2013) · doi:10.4135/9781483384733 · Cited by 8,539 · see citing works
In Vivo Activation of the p53 Pathway by Small-Molecule Antagonists of MDM2
Vassilev, L. T., Vu, B. T., Graves, B., Carvajal, D., Podlaski, F., Filipovic, Z., Kong, N., Kammlott, U., Lukacs, C., Klein, C., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092472 · Cited by 4,661 · see citing works
Momand, J., Zambetti, G. P., Olson, D. C., George, D., & Levine, A. J. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90644-r · Cited by 3,113 · see citing works
Oncoprotein MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase E3 for tumor suppressor p53
Honda, R., Tanaka, H., & Yasuda, H. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01480-4 · Cited by 1,951 · see citing works
A Dominant Mutation That Predisposes to Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia in the Mouse
Moser, A. R., Pitot, H. C., & Dove, W. F. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2296722 · Cited by 1,591 · see citing works
p53 mutant mice that display early ageing-associated phenotypes
Tyner, S. D., Venkatachalam, S., Choi, J., Jones, S., Ghebranious, N., Igelmann, H., Lu, X., Soron, G., Cooper, B., Brayton, C., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415045a · Cited by 1,459 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Next we investigated whether a reduction in Mdm2 elicited a number of aging-related phenotypes that have been ascribed to p53, including decreased body weight, reduced dermal thickness, reduced subcutaneous fat, and osteoporosis (Tyner et al. 2002; Maier et al. 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialRescue of early embryonic lethality in mdm2-deficient mice by deletion of p53
de Oca Luna, R. M., Wagner, D. S., & Lozano, G. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378203a0 · Cited by 1,420 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mdm2 is a critical survival factor as evidenced by the embryonic death of mice lacking Mdm2 (Jones et al. 1995; Montes de Oca Luna et al. 1995) and the lymphopenia of mice expressing ∼30% of the wild-type level of Mdm2 (Mendrysa et al. 2003).”
BackgroundRescue of embryonic lethality in Mdm2-deficient mice by absence of p53
Jones, S. N., Roe, A. E., Donehower, L. A., & Bradley, A. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378206a0 · Cited by 1,280 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mdm2 is a critical survival factor as evidenced by the embryonic death of mice lacking Mdm2 (Jones et al. 1995; Montes de Oca Luna et al. 1995) and the lymphopenia of mice expressing ∼30% of the wild-type level of Mdm2 (Mendrysa et al. 2003).”
BackgroundBond, G. L., Hu, W., Bond, E. E., Robins, H., Lutzker, S. G., Arva, N. C., Bargonetti, J., Bartel, F., Taubert, H., Wuerl, P., et al. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.022 · Cited by 1,265 · see citing works
p53 isoforms can regulate p53 transcriptional activity
Bourdon, J.-C., Fernandes, K., Murray-Zmijewski, F., Liu, G., Diot, A., Xirodimas, D. P., Saville, M. K., & Lane, D. P. (2005) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1339905 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.).
Kirk, R. E. (1995) · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Roth, J., Dobbelstein, M., Freedman, D. A., Shenk, T., & Levine, A. J. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.2.554 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Modulation of mammalian life span by the short isoform of p53
Maier, B., Gluba, W., Bernier, B., Turner, T., Mohammad, K., Guise, T., Sutherland, A., Thorner, M., & Scrable, H. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1162404 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
'Super p53' mice exhibit enhanced DNA damage response, are tumor resistant and age normally
García‐Cao, I., García‐Cao, M., Martín‐Caballero, J., Criado, L. M., Klatt, P., Flores, J. M., Weill, J., Blasco, M. A., & Serrano, M. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf595 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Small molecule inhibitors of HDM2 ubiquitin ligase activity stabilize and activate p53 in cells
Yang, Y., Ludwig, R. L., Jensen, J. P., Pierre, S. A., Medaglia, M. V., Davydov, I. V., Safiran, Y. J., Oberoi, P., Kenten, J. H., Phillips, A. C., et al. (2005) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.04.029 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Review of Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed.
Hays, W. L. (1983) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/021973 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Repression of p53-mediated transcription by MDM2: a dual mechanism
Thut, C. J., Goodrich, J. A., & Tjian, R. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.15.1974 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Mendrysa, S. M., McElwee, M. K., Michalowski, J., O'Leary, K. A., Young, K. M., & Perry, M. E. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.23.2.462-473.2003 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Johnson-Neyman Technique and Some Extensions Thereof
Potthoff, R. F. (1964) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289721 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Cheshire, J. L., & Baldwin, A. S. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.17.11.6746 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Does p53 affect organismal aging?
Donehower, L. A. (2002) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.10104 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Cell Type- and Promoter-specific Roles of Ser18 Phosphorylation in Regulating p53 Responses
Chao, C., Hergenhahn, M., Kaeser, M. D., Wu, Z., Saito, S., Iggo, R., Hollstein, M., Appella, E., & Xu, Y. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m306938200 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Halberg, R. B., Katzung, D. S., Hoff, P. D., Moser, A. R., Cole, C. E., Lubet, R. A., Donehower, L. A., Jacoby, R. F., & Dove, W. F. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3461 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes
Strate, L. L., & Syngal, S. (2005) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-004-3488-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes.
Guanti, G., & Bukvic, N. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The price of tumour suppression?
Ferbeyre, G., & Lowe, S. W. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415026a · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lane, D. P., & Fischer, P. M. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/427789a · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Complicating the role of p53 in aging
Gentry, A. E., & Venkatachalam, S. (2005) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2005.00154.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells
Campisi, J., & d'Adda di Fagagna, F. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2233 · Cited by 4,441 · see citing works
Cellular senescence in cancer and aging.
Collado, M., Blasco, M. A., & Serrano, M. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.003 · Cited by 1,708 · see citing works
Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway
Brown, C. J., Lain, S., Verma, C. S., Fersht, A. R., & Lane, D. P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2763 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Linking functional decline of telomeres, mitochondria and stem cells during ageing
Sahin, E., & DePinho, R. A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08982 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
MDM2 inhibitors for cancer therapy
Vassilev, L. T. (2007) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2006.11.002 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Coping with stress: multiple ways to activate p53
Horn, H. F., & Vousden, K. H. (2007) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210263 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Delayed ageing through damage protection by the Arf/p53 pathway
Matheu, A., Maraver, A., Klatt, P., Flores, I., Garcia-Cao, I., Borras, C., Flores, J. M., Viña, J., Blasco, M. A., & Serrano, M. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05949 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
DNA damage responses and p53 in the aging process
Ou, H.-L., & Schumacher, B. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-07-746396 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
DNA damage checkpoints in stem cells, ageing and cancer
Sperka, T., Wang, J., & Rudolph, K. L. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3420 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Mdm2-mediated ubiquitylation: p53 and beyond
Marine, J.-C., & Lozano, G. (2010) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.68 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
p53-Mediated Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Competition
Bondar, T., & Medzhitov, R. (2010) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.03.002 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1–AKT–TOR signal transduction pathways
Levine, A. J., Feng, Z., Mak, T. W., You, H., & Jin, S. (2006) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1363206 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Mdm2 is critically and continuously required to suppress lethal p53 activity in vivo
Ringshausen, I., O'Shea, C. C., Finch, A. J., Swigart, L. B., & Evan, G. I. (2006) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.10.010 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Cancer and ageing: convergent and divergent mechanisms
Serrano, M., & Blasco, M. A. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2242 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Targeting Mdm2 and Mdmx in cancer therapy: better living through medicinal chemistry?
Wade, M., & Wahl, G. M. (2009) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0423 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Apoptosis and aging: increased resistance to apoptosis enhances the aging process
Salminen, A., Ojala, J., & Kaarniranta, K. (2011) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0597-y · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 regulates the <scp>SIRT</scp> 1‐p53 pathway in cellular senescence
Tran, D., Bergholz, J., Zhang, H., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Kirkland, J. L., & Xiao, Z. (2014) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12219 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“In these cases, total p53 protein levels were increased, yet nuclear p53 levels were unchanged (Mendrysa et al., 2006).”
BackgroundEfeyan, A., Ortega-Molina, A., Velasco-Miguel, S., Herranz, D., Vassilev, L. T., & Serrano, M. (2007) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0200 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The p53 pathway in hematopoiesis: lessons from mouse models, implications for humans
Pant, V., Quintás-Cardama, A., & Lozano, G. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-05-356014 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
A High-Frequency Regulatory Polymorphism in the p53 Pathway Accelerates Tumor Development
Post, S. M., Quintás-Cardama, A., Pant, V., Iwakuma, T., Hamir, A., Jackson, J. G., Maccio, D. R., Bond, G. L., Johnson, D. G., Levine, A. J., et al. (2010) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.07.010 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Regulation of MDMX nuclear import and degradation by Chk2 and 14-3-3
LeBron, C., Chen, L., Gilkes, D. M., & Chen, J. (2006) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601032 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Quantitative analyses reveal the importance of regulated Hdmx degradation for p53 activation
Wang, Y. V., Wade, M., Wong, E., Li, Y.-C., Rodewald, L. W., & Wahl, G. M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701497104 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Haploinsufficiency of <i>Mdm2</i> and <i>Mdm4</i> in Tumorigenesis and Development
Terzian, T., Wang, Y., Van Pelt, C. S., Box, N. F., Travis, E. L., & Lozano, G. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00555-06 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Mdm2 Promotes Genetic Instability and Transformation Independent of p53
Bouska, A., Lushnikova, T., Plaza, S., & Eischen, C. M. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01584-07 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Increased p53 activity does not accelerate telomere‐driven ageing
García‐Cao, I., García‐Cao, M., Tomás‐Loba, A., Martin‐Caballero, J., Flores, J. M., Klatt, P., Blasco, M. A., & Serrano, M. (2006) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400667 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Discovery of Mdm2-MdmX E3 Ligase Inhibitors Using a Cell-Based Ubiquitination Assay
Herman, A. G., Hayano, M., Poyurovsky, M. V., Shimada, K., Skouta, R., Prives, C., & Stockwell, B. R. (2011) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0104 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Gannon, H. S., Donehower, L. A., Lyle, S., & Jones, S. N. (2011) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.02.007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The Mdm network and its regulation of p53 activities: a rheostat of cancer risk
Eischen, C. M., & Lozano, G. (2014) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.22524 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Translational approaches targeting the p53 pathway for anti‐cancer therapy
Essmann, F., & Schulze‐Osthoff, K. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01570.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Mdm2 affects genome stability independent of p53
Bouska, A., & Eischen, C. M. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3732 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Wang, Y. V., Leblanc, M., Fox, N., Mao, J.-H., Tinkum, K. L., Krummel, K., Engle, D., Piwnica-Worms, D., Piwnica-Worms, H., Balmain, A., et al. (2011) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.2024411 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Reassessing the role of p53 in cancer and ageing from an evolutionary perspective
Aranda-Anzaldo, A., & Dent, M. A. R. (2007) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2007.01.001 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mendrysa, S. M., O'Leary, K. A., McElwee, M. K., Michalowski, J., Eisenman, R. N., Powell, D. A., & Perry, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2006-01-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-21
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC1356096
- OpenAlex
- W2113724972
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Cancer Society
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- p53, MDM2, tumor suppression, aging, lifespan, carcinogenesis, cancer therapy targets
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Bone and Bones, Intestinal Neoplasms, Leukocyte Count, Mice, Mutant Strains, Skin, Survival Rate, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review