Prefrontal cortex lesions and sex differences in fear extinction and perseveration

Baran, Sarah E.; Armstrong, Charles E.; Niren, Danielle C.; Conrad, Cheryl D.

doi:10.1101/lm.1778010

PreprintCited by 90Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Prefrontal cortex lesions and sex differences in fear extinction and perseveration

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Baran, Sarah E., Armstrong, Charles E., Niren, Danielle C., Conrad, Cheryl D.·2010·Learning & Memory

DOI 10.1101/lm.1778010PMC PMC2862409

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Abstract

Electrolytic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFCX) were examined using fear conditioning to assess the recall of fear extinction and performance in the Y-maze, open field, and object location/recognition in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were conditioned to seven tone/footshocks, followed by extinction after 1-h and 24-h delays, revealing PFCX effects and sex differences during all phases of fear conditioning. In male rats, PFCX impaired 24-h recall of fear extinction to tone, which required the 1-h delay extinction and was not attributed to nonassociative factors. In contrast, sham and PFCX females increased freezing to tone following a 24-h delay, whether or not 1-h delay tone extinction was presented. Moreover, PFCX females failed to extinguish to tone, contrasting to the robust extinction to tone that was observed for sham females, PFCX, and sham males. Also, sex differences were found during acquisition, with sham females acquiring fear conditioning slower than PFCX females. By the last tone-shock presentation, sham and PFCX females showed a slight but significant reduction in freezing to tone relative to those of sham and PFCX males. Of the other behavioral measures, PFCX females maintained exploration of a novel object during object recognition when sham females habituated. PFCX did not influence other behaviors in the remaining tasks. These findings show important sex differences in PFC function, with the PFC influencing the recall of fear extinction in males and contributing to the acquisition and maintenance of fear extinction memory in females, perhaps through altering perseveration.

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When the PFC is damaged, OPP memory is not influenced.
“When the PFC was damaged, however, the OPP memory was not influenced (Baran et al., 2010; Barker et al., 2007; Barker and Warburton, 2011b).”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Baran et al., 2010

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Authors: Baran, S. E., Armstrong, C. E., Niren, D. C., & Conrad, C. D.
Affiliations: Arizona State University (US)
ORCID: Conrad, Cheryl D.
Venue: Learning & Memory
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Published: 2010-05
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Pages: 267-278
ISSN: 1072-0502 (ISSN-L)
1549-5485
DOI: 10.1101/lm.1778010
PMC: PMC2862409
OpenAlex: W2137393164
Cited by: 90
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
Type: posted content
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Learning & Memory (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Arizona Biomedical Research Commission
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
U.S. Public Health Service (NIMH 64727)
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: medial prefrontal cortex, fear extinction, sex differences, fear conditioning, perseveration, object recognition memory, electrolytic lesions, freezing behavior, fear acquisition
MeSH terms: Acoustic Stimulation, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Avoidance Learning, Brain Injuries, Disease Models, Animal, Electroshock, Exploratory Behavior, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Male, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex, Maze Learning, Recognition, Psychology, Rats

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Prefrontal cortex lesions and sex differences in fear extinction and perseveration

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