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Nonstandard optics from quantum space-time
Open accessAbstract
We study light propagation in the picture of semiclassical space-time that emerges in canonical quantum gravity in the loop representation. In such a picture, where space-time exhibits a polymerlike structure at microscales, it is natural to expect departures from the perfect nondispersiveness of an ordinary vacuum. We evaluate these departures, computing the modifications to Maxwell's equations due to quantum gravity and showing that under certain circumstances nonvanishing corrections appear that depend on the helicity of propagating waves. These effects could lead to observable cosmological predictions of the discrete nature of quantum space-time. In particular, recent observations of nondispersiveness in the spectra of gamma-ray bursts at various energies could be used to constrain the type of semiclassical state that describes the universe.
Checked 2026-10-06 · 8 references not checked yet
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper computes quantum-gravity corrections to Maxwell propagation in a loop-quantum-gravity weave state and finds a helicity-dependent birefringence, with a group-velocity splitting of order one Planck length per wavelength. The effect is parity-violating and could be constrained by gamma-ray-burst observations, though the predicted delay is about two orders of magnitude below current sensitivity.
Key findings
- Loop quantum gravity’s polymer-like semi-classical spacetime can modify Maxwell’s equations by a term proportional to the Laplacian of the fields, producing helicity-dependent propagation and “intrinsic birefringence.”
- The correction is rotationally invariant but parity-violating; it vanishes if the weave is parity-invariant or if regions of size Δ have random orientations in parity violation.
- For a gamma-ray burst at about \(10^{10}\) light years and frequencies of order 200 keV, the delay between the two polarization group velocities is \(10^{-5}\) s, while observed burst widths are about 0.1 s with features as small as 1 ms, leaving observations two orders of magnitude away.
- The effect is distinct from other quantum-gravity dispersion proposals because it is helicity-dependent and absent for scalar fields; the shift is of order one Planck length per wavelength.
Methods
- Theoretical calculation in canonical loop quantum gravity: Maxwell fields are treated as close to coherent states approximating a classical travelling wave of wavelength λ much larger than the Planck length, while gravity is in a weave state \(|Δ\rangle\) approximating flat geometry on scales larger than Δ.
- The Hamiltonian constraint coupling Maxwell fields to gravity is regulated using Thiemann’s proposal for the metric divided by the determinant, with point-splitting and expansion of the electric field around a central point P in Δ/λ.
- Summing over weave vertices yields a leading rotational-invariant, parity-violating correction \(\chi \epsilon_{abc} \ell_P/\Delta\); modified Maxwell equations are then combined to seek helicity solutions and derive two group-velocity branches.
Limitations
- The paper states that there is no agreement on a precise dynamics for loop quantum gravity, no detailed prescription for constructing the semi-classical limit, and the discussion is intentionally loose.
- It states that weave states are not yet fully constructed in the spin network representation, and the predicted effects depend on the type of semi-classical state chosen.
- The paper states it does not present a detailed calculation of the magnitude of the effects; it also notes the observational delay is two orders of magnitude below current burst timing sensitivity.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
17 Own interpretation · 16 No basis given · 11 Not checked yet · 1 Own result
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In the paper
“We evaluate these departures, computing the modifications to Maxwell's equations due to quantum gravity, and showing that under certain circumstances, non-vanishing corrections appear that depend on the helicity of propagating waves.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The group velocity has two branches, and the effect is of the order of a shift of one Planck length per wavelength.”
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In the paper
“As we see the equations gain a correction proportional to the Laplacian ∆ 2 of the fields, the correction is symmetrical in both fields, but is not Lorentz covariant.”
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In the paper
“It should be noticed that the additional term we found is rotationally invariant, i.e., it respects the original spirit of the weave construction.”
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In the paper
“in the model considered it is violated.”
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In the paper
“This quantity averages out to zero in a first approximation, since one is summing over an isotropic set of vertices.”
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In the paper
“the correction is symmetrical in both fields, but is not Lorentz covariant.”
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In the paper
“In the example considered we see that this invariance is broken simultaneously with parity invariance.”
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In the paper
“We have therefore found a correction to the Maxwell Hamiltonian arising from the discrete nature of the weave construction.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Assuming a non-parity invariant weave, the resulting equations of motion from the above Hamiltonian can be viewed as corrections to the Maxwell equations,”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- The authors state this as an assumption: The weave is non-parity invariant.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 9
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We therefore see the emergence of a birefringence effect, associated with quantum gravity corrections. The group velocity has two branches, and the effect is of the order of a shift of one Planck length per wavelength.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We consider the leading contribution to this term, which should be a rotational invariant tensor of three indices, i.e., it is given by χǫ abc ℓ P / ∆ with χ a proportionality constant of order one (that can be positive or negative).”
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In the paper
“Due to the definition of the weave state, the sum just yields the classical metric and we recover the usual Maxwell Hamiltonian in flat space.”
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In the paper
“in reference [1] it was shown that the simultaneity of time structures in the patterns of light received gamma ray bursts are possible candidates to set limits on these models.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] G. Amelino-Camelia, J. Ellis, N. Mavromatos, D. Nanopoulos, S. Sarkar, Nature 393 763 (1998). source
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In the paper
“Various models of string quantum gravity imply dispersive frequency wavelength relations for light propagation”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] G. Amelino-Camelia, J. Ellis, N. Mavromatos, D. Nanopoulos, S. Sarkar, Nature 393 763 (1998). source
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In the paper
“This kinematic framework is widely accepted throughout various formulations of the theory, and has led to several physical predictions associated with the 'polymer-like' structure of quantum space-time [4].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] A. Ashtekar, J. Lewandowski, Class.Quant.Grav. 14 , A55 (1997); Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 1 , 388 (1998). source
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In the paper
“What these authors point out is that the light coming from gamma-ray bursts travels very large distances before being detected on Earth, and is therefore quite sensitive to departures from orthodox theories.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] G. Amelino-Camelia, J. Ellis, N. Mavromatos, D. Nanopoulos, S. Sarkar, Nature 393 763 (1998). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This already suggests that there will be modifications to the usual dispersion relation for light propagation.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“If one were to assume that the weaves are parity-invariant, the term would vanish.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The observed width of the bursts appears to be of the order of 0 . 1 s , with features like a rising edge as small as 1 ms .”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] C. Bhat et al, Nature, 359 , 217 (1992); J. Scargle, J. Norris, J. Bonnell, astro-ph/9712016. source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“If we compare with the proposals considered by Amelino-Camelia et al [1], in their case they find only a change in the dispersion relation, whereas here we in addition see a helicity-dependent effect.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] G. Amelino-Camelia, J. Ellis, N. Mavromatos, D. Nanopoulos, S. Sarkar, Nature 393 763 (1998). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This is in line with the observations of ref. [1], that quantum gravity effects will increase with the frequency, the opposite being expected for other more standard sources of cosmological dispersion or birefringence.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] G. Amelino-Camelia, J. Ellis, N. Mavromatos, D. Nanopoulos, S. Sarkar, Nature 393 763 (1998). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our effect is also absent for scalar fields, whereas other quantum gravity corrections are all-encompassing (they can be viewed as corrections to quantum mechanics itself).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“This is because the kind of corrective terms we are introducing in Maxwell theory, although linear in the fields, are higher order in the derivatives.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“The term would also vanish -on average- if one assumes that the different regions of size ∆ have 'random orientations' in their parity violation.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The only feature we will need of these operators is that acting on spin network states they are finite and only give contributions at intersections.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] T. Thiemann, Class. Quan. Grav. 15 , 1281 (1998). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The Maxwell fields operate as classical fields at the level of equations of motion.
“we will assume that the Maxwell fields operate as classical fields at the level of equations of motion”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The coherent state chosen approximates a classical travelling wave of wavelength λ, and λ is much larger than the Planck length.
“The coherent state chosen will be one that approximates a classical travelling wave of wavelength λ , which we assume to be much larger than the Planck length.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The gravitational degrees of freedom are in a 'weave' state |Δ>.
“For the gravitational degrees of freedom we will assume we are in a 'weave' state [8] | ∆ > , such that,”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The weave considered approximates a flat geometry for lengths larger than Δ.
“The weave we will consider approximates a flat geometry for lengths larger than ∆.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The weave is non-parity invariant.
“Assuming a non-parity invariant weave, the resulting equations of motion from the above Hamiltonian can be viewed as corrections to the Maxwell equations,”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Rotational invariance is locally preserved in the construction of the weave.
“In the construction of the weave, we have assumed that rotational invariance is locally preserved.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The universe is non-parity invariant.
“The fact that we live in a non-parity invariant universe suggests that parity invariant weaves might not necessarily be the most natural ones to consider in constructing a semiclassical state of cosmological interest.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The coupling term in the Hamiltonian constraint is the usual E^2+B^2 term in a curved background.
“The term in the Hamiltonian constraint coupling Maxwell fields to gravity is the usual ' E 2 + B 2 ' term, but in a curved background,”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In the absence of detailed formulations, certain early pioneering model calculations [192] (see also general treatment [340, 341]) indicate the possibility for certain Lorentz-invariance-violation (LIV) effects associated to a quantum-gravity granularity of spacetime measured at rest by a preferred frame of observers.”
From The Spin-Foam Approach to Quantum Gravity (2013) · cites this paper as [192]
Citations
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Super-Yang-Mills theory in SIM(1) superspace
Vohánka, J., & Faizal, M. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.045015 · Cited by 22
“even in loop quantum gravity, Lorentz symmetry is expected to break at Planck scale [10]-[11].”
BackgroundDoubly-Special Relativity: Facts, Myths and Some Key Open Issues
Giovanni Amelino-camelia, A. (2009) · Statistical science and interdisciplinary research · doi:10.1142/9789814287333_0006 · Cited by 22
Maccione, L., Liberati, S., & Mattingly, D. (2013) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/03/039 · Cited by 21
Tests of Lorentz and CPT symmetry with hadrons and nuclei
Noordmans, J. P., de Vries, J., & Timmermans, R. G. E. (2016) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.94.025502 · Cited by 22
New constraints on Lorentz invariance violation with polarized gamma-ray bursts
Wei, J.-J. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz594 · Cited by 21
“Lorentz invariance can therefore be tested through polarimetric observations of astrophysical sources (e.g., Gambini & Pullin 1999; Gleiser & Kozameh 2001; Kostelecký & Mewes 2001, 2006, 2007, 2013; Mitrofanov 2003; Jacobson et al. 2004; Fan et al. 2007; Gubitosi et al. 2009; Laurent et al. 2011;…”
BackgroundShao, L., & Bailey, Q. G. (2019) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.99.084017 · Cited by 21
Quantum gravity phenomenology without Lorentz invariance violation: a detailed proposal
Bonder, Y., & Sudarsky, D. (2008) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/25/10/105017 · Cited by 22
Bartolo, C. D., Gambini, R., Griego, J., & Pullin, J. (2000) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/17/16/310 · Cited by 21
Self-citationAlternative approaches to Lorentz violation invariance in loop quantum gravity inspired models
Alfaro, J., Morales-Técotl, H. A., Reyes, M. C., & Urrutia, L. F. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.084002 · Cited by 21
Gamma ray burst constraints on ultraviolet Lorentz invariance violation
Kahniashvili, T., Gogoberidze, G., & Ratra, B. (2006) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2006.10.041 · Cited by 21
Matter–antimatter asymmetry generated by loop quantum gravity
Lambiase, G., & Singh, P. (2003) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(03)00761-5 · Cited by 22
Coherent states for quantum gravity: toward collective variables
Oriti, D., Roberto Pereira, B., & Sindoni, L. (2012) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/29/13/135002 · Cited by 21
Could quantum gravity slow down neutrinos?
Giovanni Amelino-camelia, A., Luca, M. G. D., Gubitosi, G., Rosati, G., & D’Amico, G. (2023) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01993-z · Cited by 20
Lorentz Symmetry breaking studies with photons from astrophysical observations
Bolmont, J., & Jacholkowska, A. (2010) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.07.025 · Cited by 20
“…small-scale of the space-time could be derived from the idea of “fuzziness” (following to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle) or quantum foam discussed by Wheeler (1982),Amelino-Camelia et al. (1998a) or Amelino-Camelia (2002), or sharply defined set of discrete points (Gambini and Pullin, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeutrino beam constraints on flavor-diagonal Lorentz violation
Altschul, B. (2013) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.87.096004 · Cited by 20
Inflation as an amplifier: The case of Lorentz violation
Bonder, Y., & León, G. (2017) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.044036 · Cited by 20
Discrete spacetime, quantum walks, and relativistic wave equations
Mlodinow, L. D., & Brun, T. A. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.97.042131 · Cited by 21
Threshold anomalies of ultra-high energy cosmic photons due to Lorentz invariance violation
Li, H., & Ma, B.-Q. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Astrophysics · doi:10.1016/j.jheap.2021.07.001 · Cited by 20
“Regardless of these experimental constraints, certain quantum gravity (QG) theories, such as stringy theories [1–6], loop quantum gravity [7], and special-relativity-like theories such as doubly special relativity [8–10], do predict the violation of Lorentz invariance [11–14].”
BackgroundAnalogue Models for Emergent GravityPreprint
Liberati, S., Girelli, F., & Sindoni, L. (2009) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0909.3834 · Cited by 34
On the UV Dimensions of Loop Quantum Gravity
Ronco, M. (2016) · Advances in High Energy Physics · doi:10.1155/2016/9897051 · Cited by 19
“We also find it interesting to notice that our MDR confirms a property of two previously proposedMDRs (see [54, 55]); that is, LQG corrections affect only the momentum sector of the dispersion relation leaving the energy dependence untouched.”
BackgroundResultPoulis, F. P., & Soares, M. (2022) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10547-y · Cited by 20
“As examples, we can cite the string field theory [2–5], noncommutative field theories [6–8], loop quantum gravity [9, 10], among others [11–14].”
MethodHawking, fiducial, and free-fall temperature of black hole on gravity’s rainbow
Gim, Y., & Kim, W. (2016) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4025-9 · Cited by 19
Giovanni Amelino-camelia, A. (2005) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271805007978 · Cited by 19
Cosmological reconstruction and Om diagnostic analysis of Einstein-Aether theory
Pasqua, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Momeni, D., Raza, M., Myrzakulov, R., & Faizal, M. (2017) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2017/04/015 · Cited by 19
“ed that such a breaking of Lorentz symmetry in the UV limit occur in the discrete spacetime [1], models based on string field theory [2], spacetime foam [3], spin-network in loop quantum gravity (LQG) [4], non-commutative geometry [5, 6], and ghost condensation in perturbative quantum gravity [7]. As the Lorentz symmet…”
Leading-order classical Lagrangians for the nonminimal standard-model extension
Reis, J. A. A. S., & Schreck, M. (2018) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.065019 · Cited by 18
“Such violations were explicitly demonstrated to arise in closed-string theories [1–5], loop quantum gravity [6, 7], models of noncommutative spacetimes [8, 9], spacetime foam models [10–12], (chiral) field theories defined on spacetimes with nontrivial topologies [13–16], and Hořava-Lifshitz gravity [17].”
BackgroundHaldar, A., & Biswas, R. (2019) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-019-2555-9 · Cited by 19
Optical activity induced by curvature in a gravitational pp-wave background
Balakin, A. B., & Lemos, J. P. S. (2002) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/19/19/308 · Cited by 19
Dynamical ambiguities in models with spontaneous Lorentz violation
Bonder, Y., & Escobar, C. A. (2016) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.025020 · Cited by 19
Cosmic string in gravity’s rainbow
Momeni, D., Upadhyay, S., Myrzakulov, Y., & Myrzakulov, R. (2017) · Astrophysics and Space Science · doi:10.1007/s10509-017-3138-4 · Cited by 19
On energy conditions and stability in effective loop quantum cosmology
Hossain, G. M. (2005) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/22/13/009 · Cited by 26
Schreck, M. (2019) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2019.04.021 · Cited by 17
A non-static quantum inspired spacetime in f(R) gravity: Gravity's rainbow
Rudra, P. (2020) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2020.115014 · Cited by 18
Constraints on the deformation scale of a geometry in the cotangent bundle
Relancio, J. J., & Liberati, S. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.102.104025 · Cited by 18
Explicit spacetime-symmetry breaking and the dynamics of primordial fields
Nilsson, A. (2022) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.104036 · Cited by 18
LABORATORY BOUNDS ON LORENTZ SYMMETRY VIOLATION IN LOW ENERGY NEUTRINO PHYSICS
Grezia, E. D., Esposito, S., & Salesi, G. (2006) · Modern Physics Letters A · doi:10.1142/s0217732306019487 · Cited by 18
Minimal length in quantum gravity and the fate of Lorentz invariance
Hagar, A. (2009) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2009.06.002 · Cited by 18
Gamma-ray burst polarization reduction induced by the Lorentz invariance violation
Lin, H.-N., Li, X., & Chang, Z. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2007 · Cited by 18
“In some quantum gravity theories (Kostelecky & Samuel 1989; Gambini & Pullin 1999; Amelino-Camelia 2002; Myers & Pospelov 2003), however, Lorentz invariance may be broken.”
BackgroundVelocity-dependent inverse cubic force and solar system gravity tests
Bailey, Q. G., & Havert, D. (2017) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.064035 · Cited by 18
Neutrino signals of lightcone fluctuations resulting from fluctuating spacetime
Stuttard, T. (2021) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.056007 · Cited by 21
“brane recoils [25], compactified spacetimes [26], gravitons [21] and loop quantum gravity [27].”
BackgroundQuantum gravity simulation by nonparaxial nonlinear optics
Conti, C. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.89.061801 · Cited by 18
Gangopadhyay, S., & Dutta, A. (2018) · Advances in High Energy Physics · doi:10.1155/2018/7450607 · Cited by 18
“ting the existence of a minimal length scale in condensed matter and atomic physics experiments such as Lamb Shift, Landau levels and the scanning Tunneling Microscope [15]-[20], loop quantum gravity [21]-[23], noncommutative geometry [24], computing sunandan.gangopadhyay@gmail.com, sunandan.gangopadhyay@bose.res.in,…”
BackgroundParticle velocity in noncommutative space-time
Tamaki, T., Harada, T., Umpei Miyamoto, A., & Torii, T. (2002) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.66.105003 · Cited by 18
Modelling Planck-scale Lorentz violation via analogue models
Weinfurtner, S., Liberati, S., & Visser, M. (2006) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/33/1/046 · Cited by 18
Quantum corrections to Lorentz invariance violating theories: Fine-tuning problem
Crichigno, P. M., & Vucetich, H. (2007) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.06.025 · Cited by 18
LORENTZ VIOLATION IN THREE-FAMILY NEUTRINO OSCILLATION
YANG, S., & Ma, B.-Q. (2009) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x09046382 · Cited by 17
Revisiting Lorentz invariance violation from GRB 221009A
Li, H., & Ma, B.-Q. (2023) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/10/061 · Cited by 17
Liberati, S., & Mattingly, D. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20224-2_11 · Cited by 17
Impossibility of superluminal travel in Lorentz violating theories
Coutant, A., Finazzi, S., Liberati, S., & Parentani, R. (2012) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.85.064020 · Cited by 17
Lorentz violating extension of the standard model and the β -decay endpoint
Bernardini, A. E., & Orfeu Bertolami, A. (2008) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.77.085032 · Cited by 18
Chern–Simons theory in SIM(1) superspace
Vohánka, J., & Faizal, M. (2015) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3782-1 · Cited by 17
From classical Lagrangians to Hamilton operators in the standard model extension
Schreck, M. (2016) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.94.025019 · Cited by 17
“Besides that, a violation of Lorentz invariance was shown to occur in other realms of high-energy physics or alternative approaches to quantum gravity such as loop quantum gravity [4, 5], theories of noncommutative spacetimes [6, 7], spacetime foam models [8–10], quantum field theories in backgrounds with nontrivial t…”
BackgroundIn Vacuo Dispersion-Like Spectral Lags in Gamma-Ray Bursts
Giovanni Amelino-camelia, A., D’Amico, G., Fiore, F., Puccetti, S., & Ronco, M. (2021) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym13040541 · Cited by 17
Cosmology in the presence of diffeomorphism-violating, nondynamical background fields
Reyes, C. M., Schreck, M., & Soto, A. (2022) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.023524 · Cited by 24
“Candidate fundamental theories such as string theory [38–42] and loop quantum gravity [43, 44] as well as noncommutative spacetime geometry [45–47], spacetime foam [48– 50], the implementation of nontrivial spacetime topologies [51–54], and UV completions of GR, e.”
BackgroundSearching Lorentz invariance violation from cosmic photon attenuation
Li, H., & Ma, B.-Q. (2023) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11334-z · Cited by 17
Effects of Lorentz violation through the γe → Wνe process in the Standard Model extension
Aranda, J. I., Ramírez–Zavaleta, F., Rosete, D. A., Tlachino, F. J., Toscano, J. J., & Tututi, E. S. (2014) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/41/5/055003 · Cited by 17
Discreteness and the transmission of light from distant sources
Fay Dowker, B., Joe Henson, C., & Sorkin, R. D. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.82.104048 · Cited by 17
“er Lorentz symmetry violation (see e.g. [1]), perhaps due to consideration of altered dispersion in simple lattice models. There are also quantum gravity inspired models that draw the same conclusion [2, 3]. Meanwhile, there are models of discrete spacetime which respect Lorentz invariance [4, 5, 6] and so do not resu…”
BackgroundMinimal theory of quasidilaton massive gravity
Felice, A. D., Shinji Mukohyama, A., & Oliosi, M. (2017) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.024032 · Cited by 17
Nacir, D. L., & Mazzitelli, F. D. (2007) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.76.024013 · Cited by 15
Singh, Y. P., & Singh, T. I. (2024) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13627-3 · Cited by 17
“Several theories give rise to the Lorentz symmetry violation such as noncommutative field theories [3–5], loop quantum gravity theory [6, 7], string theory [8– 10], Einstein-aether theory [11, 12] etc.”
Rainbow black hole from quantum gravitational collapse
Parvizi, A., Pawłowski, T., Tavakoli, Y., & Lewandowski, J. (2022) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.086002 · Cited by 17
“In contrast to classical general relativity (GR), quantum gravity models based on discrete spacetime structure often predict that the local Lorentz invariance may be modified or broken at sufficiently high energy [1, 2].”
BackgroundDiscreteness of time in the evolution of the universe
Faizal, M., Ali, A. F., & Das, S. (2017) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x1750049x · Cited by 17
Accioly, A. J., Helayël-Neto, J. A., Barone, F., Barone, F. A., & Gaete, P. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.105029 · Cited by 17
Thermodynamic properties of novel dilatonic BTZ black holes under the influence of rainbow gravity
Dehghani, M. (2019) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135037 · Cited by 16
Brane-world black hole entropy from modified dispersion relations
Sefiedgar, A. S., & Sepangi, H. R. (2010) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.07.051 · Cited by 16
General relativistic effects on quantum interference and the principle of equivalence
Nandi, K. K., & Zhang, Y. (2002) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.66.063005 · Cited by 16
Quantum-gravity-induced dual lensing and IceCube neutrinos
Giovanni Amelino-camelia, A., Barcaroli, L., D’Amico, G., Loret, N., & Rosati, G. (2017) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271817500766 · Cited by 16
Thermodynamics of BTZ black holes in gravity’s rainbow
Alsaleh, S. (2017) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x17500762 · Cited by 16
“It is interesting to note that the deformation of the usual energymomentum dispersion in the UV limit occurs in various approaches to quantum gravity such as discrete spacetime [48], models based on string field theory [38], spacetime foam [10], spin-network in loop quantum gravity (LQG) [23] and non-commutative geome…”
MethodThe graviton vacuum as a distributional state in kinematic loop quantum gravity
Varadarajan, M. (2005) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/22/7/002 · Cited by 20
Gauge-invariant perturbation theory for trans-Planckian inflation
Shankaranarayanan, S., & Lubo, M. (2005) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.72.123513 · Cited by 16
Probing brane-world scenarios with vacuum refraction of light using gamma-ray bursts
Gogberashvili, M., Sakharov, A., & Sarkisyan, E. K. G. (2006) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2006.11.039 · Cited by 16
On Energy Conditions and Stability in Effective Loop Quantum Cosmology
Hossain, G. M. (2005) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 16
LETTER: Neutrino Oscillations Induced by Gravitational Recoil Effects
Lambiase, G. (2001) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1023/a:1015237615390 · Cited by 16
Quantization of general linear electrodynamics
Rivera, S., & Schuller, F. P. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.064036 · Cited by 15
Cosmic-ray fermion decay by emission of on-shell W bosons with CPT violation
Colladay, D. C., Noordmans, J. P., & Potting, R. (2017) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.035034 · Cited by 15
Quantum-spacetime effects on nonrelativistic Schrödinger evolution
Wagner, F., Varão, G., Lobo, I. P., & Bezerra, V. B. (2023) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.108.066008 · Cited by 19
“Several fundamental theories of quantum gravity, such as loop quantum gravity [75, 76] and non-critical string theory [76], provide indications that support this notion.”
BackgroundLorentz and C P T violation in scalar-mediated potentials
Altschul, B. (2013) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.87.045012 · Cited by 15
Possible observation of photon speed energy dependence
Gharibyan, V. (2005) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2005.02.053 · Cited by 15
Testing Lorentz and CPT invariance with ultracold neutrons
Martín-Ruiz, A., & Escobar, C. A. (2018) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.095039 · Cited by 15
Is There Any Symmetry Left in Gravity Theories with Explicit Lorentz Violation?
Bonder, Y., & Corral, C. (2018) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym10100433 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Gambini, R., & Pullin, J.
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1999-05-21
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 12
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4918
- OpenAlex
- W2594004064
- Semantic Scholar
- 6d77e7089d7b5cc0af79c78c61702a7873eda39c
- Cited by
- 960
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 19.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- quantum spacetime, loop quantum gravity, light propagation, modified dispersion relations, modified Maxwell's equations, gamma-ray bursts, discrete spacetime, cosmological constraints
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