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Cited by 2,403Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity TheoriesParticle physics theoretical and experimental studiesRelativity and Gravitational Theory

Lorentz-violating extension of the standard model

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Colladay, D., Kostelecký, V. Alan·1998·Physical Review D
DOI 10.1103/physrevd.58.116002
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Abstract

In the context of conventional quantum field theory, we present a general Lorentz-violating extension of the minimal $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}(1)$ standard model including $\mathrm{CPT}$-even and $\mathrm{CPT}$-odd terms. It can be viewed as the low-energy limit of a physically relevant fundamental theory with Lorentz-covariant dynamics in which spontaneous Lorentz violation occurs. The extension has gauge invariance, energy-momentum conservation, and covariance under observer rotations and boosts, while covariance under particle rotations and boosts is broken. The quantized theory is Hermitian and power-counting renormalizable, and other desirable features such as microcausality, positivity of the energy, and the usual anomaly cancellation are expected. Spontaneous symmetry breaking to the electromagnetic U(1) is maintained, although the Higgs expectation is shifted by a small amount relative to its usual value and the ${Z}^{0}$ field acquires a small expectation. A general Lorentz-breaking extension of quantum electrodynamics is extracted from the theory, and some experimental tests are considered. In particular, we study modifications to photon behavior. One possible effect is vacuum birefringence, which could be bounded from cosmological observations by experiments using existing techniques. Radiative corrections to the photon propagator are examined. They are compatible with spontaneous Lorentz and $\mathrm{CPT}$ violation in the fermion sector at levels suggested by Planck-scale physics and accessible to other terrestrial laboratory experiments.

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Crossref · 10.1103/physrevd.58.116002

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69 of 69 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Most frameworks explicitly break Lorentz invariance, with a preferred set of observers or background field other than the metric.

    “Most frameworks explicitly break Lorentz invariance, in that there is a preferred set of observers or background field other than the metric [90, 34].”

    From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [90]

  • Rotationally invariant n = 1, 3 type dispersion cannot be imposed universally on photons.

    “For example, rotationally invariant n = 1, 3 type dispersion cannot be imposed universally on photons [90, 230].”

    From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [90]

  • Colladay and Kostelecky derived the (minimal) Standard Model Extension (mSME) in flat space.

    “In [90] Colladay and Kostelecky derived just such a theory in flat space — the so-called (minimal) Standard Model Extension (mSME).”

    From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [90]

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. ͓3͔ V. A. Kostelecky ´and R. Potting, in Gamma Ray-Neutrino Cosmology and Planck Scale Physics, edited by D. B. Cline ͑World Scientific, Singapore, 1993͒, hep-th/9211116; · arXiv
  2. ͓10͔ R. Bluhm, V. A. Kostelecky ´, and N. Russell, preprint IUHET 388 ͑1998͒.
  3. ͓14͔ P. A. M. Dirac, Proc. R. Soc. London B209, 291 ͑1951͒;
  4. ͓20͔ See, for example, D. W. Hertzog et al., in Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Particles, Fields and Cos- mology, edited by P. Nath ͑to be published͒. ͓21͔ See, for example, Particle Data Group, R. M. Barnett et al., Phys. Rev. D 54, 1 ͑1996͒.
  5. ͓29͔ P. Haves and R. G. Conway, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 173, D. COLLADAY AND V. ALAN KOSTELECKY ´PHYSICAL REVIEW D 58 116002 116002-22

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Authors
Colladay, D., & Kostelecký, V. A.
Affiliations
Indiana University Bloomington (US)
ORCID
Venue
Physical Review D
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
1998-10-26
Volume
58
Issue
11
ISSN
  • 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
  • 1089-4918
DOI
10.1103/physrevd.58.116002
OpenAlex
W2128828294
Cited by
2,403
References
69
Citations by year
2026: 96 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 111 · 2014: 104 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 89
FWCI
19.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)
Locations
  • Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, FG0291ER40661, DEFG0291ER40661)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Keywords
Lorentz violation, CPT violation, beyond the Standard Model, spontaneous Lorentz violation, quantum electrodynamics, vacuum birefringence, photon propagator, radiative corrections, Z boson, anomaly cancellation, microcausality, energy-momentum conservation, Planck-scale physics

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