Quantum optical Fredkin gate
Abstract
A simple optical model to realize a reversible, potentially error-free logic gate---a Fredkin gate---is discussed. The device dissipates no energy and makes use of the Kerr nonlinearity to produce intensity-dependent phase shifts. The analysis shows that quantum mechanics permits the operation of error-free logic gates which dissipate no energy. However, even though the device is nondissipative, error-free performance only occurs under particular operating conditions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process
Landauer, R. (1961) · IBM Journal of Research and Development · doi:10.1147/rd.53.0183 · Cited by 4,980 · see citing works
Logical Reversibility of Computation
Bennett, C. H. (1973) · IBM Journal of Research and Development · doi:10.1147/rd.176.0525 · Cited by 3,679 · see citing works
The Principles of Nonlinear Optics
Welford, W. T. (1985) · Physics Bulletin · doi:10.1088/0031-9112/36/4/046 · Cited by 2,255 · see citing works
The thermodynamics of computation—a review
Bennett, C. H. (1982) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02084158 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
Fredkin, E., & Toffoli, T. (1982) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01857727 · Cited by 1,896 · see citing works
Quantum limits on noise in linear amplifiers
Caves, C. M. (1982) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.26.1817 · Cited by 1,721 · see citing works
Benioff, P. (1980) · Journal of Statistical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01011339 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Reversible logic and quantum computers
Peres, A. (1985) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.32.3266 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon number via the optical Kerr effect
Imoto, N., Haus, H. A., & Yamamoto, Y. (1985) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.32.2287 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Duguay, M. A., & Hansen, J. W. (1969) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1652962 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Classical and quantum limitations on energy consumption in computation
Likharev, K. K. (1982) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01857733 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Reversibility and Stability of Information Processing Systems
Zurek, W. H. (1984) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.53.391 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Porod, W., Grondin, R., Ferry, D. K., et al. (1984) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.52.232 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Optical-fiber media for squeezed-state generation
Milburn, G. J., Levenson, M. D., Shelby, R. M., et al. (1987) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.4.001476 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationComplementarity in a quantum nondemolition measurement
Sanders, B. C., & Milburn, G. J. (1989) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.39.694 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantum nondemolition measurements in an optical-fiber ring resonator
Bachor, H., Levenson, M. D., Walls, D. F., et al. (1988) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.38.180 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kitagawa, M., Imoto, N., & Yamamoto, Y. (1987) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.35.5270 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Multistable quantum systems: Information processing at microscopic levels
Obermayer, K., Mahler, G., & Haken, H. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1792 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Quantum-field superpositions via self-phase modulation of coherent wave packets
Kennedy, T. A. B., & Drummond, P. D. (1988) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.38.1319 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Thermodynamically Reversible Computation
Bennett, C. H. (1984) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.53.1202 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Commnet on "Dissipation in Computation"
Toffoli, T. (1984) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.53.1204 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Comment on "Dissipation in Computation"
Benioff, P. A. (1984) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.53.1203 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Landauer, R. W. (1984) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.53.1205 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics
Knill, E., Laflamme, R., & Milburn, G. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35051009 · Cited by 5,880 · see citing works
Self-citationElementary gates for quantum computation
Barenco, A., Bennett, C. H., Cleve, R., DiVincenzo, D. P., Margolus, N., Shor, P., Sleator, T., Smolin, J. A., & Weinfurter, H. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.52.3457 · Cited by 4,311 · see citing works
Lloyd, S. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5278.1073 · Cited by 3,088 · see citing works
DiVincenzo, D. P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5234.255 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works
Lounis, B., & Orrit, M. (2005) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/68/5/r04 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Photonic quantum information processing: a concise review
Slussarenko, S., & Pryde, G. J. (2019) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.5115814 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Linear optical controlled-NOT gate in the coincidence basis
Ralph, T. C., Langford, N. K., Bell, T. B., & White, A. G. (2002) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.65.062324 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Optical simulation of quantum logic
Cerf, N. J., Adami, C., & Kwiat, P. G. (1998) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.57.r1477 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Temme, K., Osborne, T. J., Vollbrecht, K. G., Poulin, D., & Verstraete, F. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09770 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Symmetry analyzer for nondestructive Bell-state detection using weak nonlinearities
Barrett, S. D., Kok, P., Nemoto, K., Beausoleil, R. G., Munro, W. J., & Spiller, T. P. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.71.060302 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Demonstration of an Optical Quantum Controlled-NOT Gate without Path Interference
Okamoto, R., Hofmann, H. F., Takeuchi, S., & Sasaki, K. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.210506 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Distributed secure quantum machine learning
Sheng, Y.-B., & Zhou, L. (2017) · Science Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2017.06.007 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Simple scheme for efficient linear optics quantum gates
Ralph, T. C., White, A. G., Munro, W. J., & Milburn, G. J. (2001) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.65.012314 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationFault-tolerant quantum computation with cluster states
Nielsen, M. A., & Dawson, C. M. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.71.042323 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Noise thresholds for optical cluster-state quantum computation
Dawson, C. M., Haselgrove, H. L., & Nielsen, M. A. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.73.052306 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A coherent perceptron for all-optical learning
Tezak, N., & Mabuchi, H. (2015) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-015-0023-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Quantum Computation
Lloyd, S. (1994) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500349414552341 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Milburn, G. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Milburn, G. J.
- ORCID
- Milburn, G. J.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1989-05-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2124-2127
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1999766050
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- Fredkin gate, optical logic gates, Kerr nonlinearity, reversible computation, quantum computing hardware
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review