Secure Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Smart-World Critical Infrastructures: Survey, Case Study and Research Opportunities
Open accessAbstract
The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has drastically increased the breadth and depth of attack surfaces in networked systems, providing new mechanisms for the intrusion. In the context of smart-world critical infrastructures and cyber-physical systems, the rapid adoption of the IoT systems and infrastructures without thorough consideration for the risks and vulnerabilities has the potential for catastrophic damage to the privacy, safety, and security of individuals and corporations. While the IoT systems have the potential to increase productivity, accountability, traceability, and efficiency, their potential weaknesses are also more abundant. In this paper, we provide critical consideration of the security of the IoT systems as applied to smart-world critical infrastructures. Particularly, we carry out a detailed assessment of vulnerabilities in IoT-based critical infrastructures from the perspectives of applications, networking, operating systems, software, firmware, and hardware. In addition, we highlight the three key critical infrastructure IoT-based cyber-physical systems, namely the smart transportation, smart manufacturing, and smart grid. Moreover, we provide a broad collection of attack examples upon each of the key applications. Furthermore, we introduce a case study, in which we assess the impacts of potential attacks on critical IoT-based systems, using the smart transportation system as an example. Finally, we provide a set of best practices and address the necessary steps to enact countermeasures for any generic IoT-based critical infrastructure system.
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The emergence of the IoT in ICS has led to new security challenges, which will require newly developed expertise to prepare for a wide variety of attacks that may emerge from the integration of these systems.
“The emergence of the IoT in ICS has led to new security challenges, which will require newly developed expertise to prepare for a wide variety of attacks that may emerge from the integration of these systems [65,66,67,68,69].”
From Impact, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigation Strategies for Cyber-Secure Critical Infrastructure. (2023) · cites this paper as [68]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes IoT vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure, including industrial systems, and calls for investigating a range of attacks and developing countermeasures. The Defensive Schemes section (page unavailable) calls for security best practices and further work, but does not say that newly developed expertise is required. That part of the attributed claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Impact, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigation Strategies for Cyber-Secure Critical Infrastructure.
Riggs, H., Tufail, S., Parvez, I., Tariq, M., Khan, M. A., Amir, A., Vuda, K. V., & Sarwat, A. I. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23084060 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Liu, X., Qian, C., Hatcher, W. G., Xu, H., Liao, W., & Yu, W.
- Affiliations
- Towson University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 79523-79544
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2948502305
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 8.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Division of Computer and Network Systems (CNS 1350145)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Security and Intrusion Detection
- Keywords
- Internet of Things security, critical infrastructure, smart world, cyber-physical systems, IoT vulnerabilities, smart transportation, smart manufacturing, smart grid, security countermeasures, best practices, operating system vulnerabilities
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