A Survey on Internet of Things: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Security and Privacy, and Applications
Abstract
Fog/edge computing has been proposed to be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) to enable computing services devices deployed at network edge, aiming to improve the user's experience and resilience of the services in case of failures. With the advantage of distributed architecture and close to end-users, fog/edge computing can provide faster response and greater quality of service for IoT applications. Thus, fog/edge computing-based IoT becomes future infrastructure on IoT development. To develop fog/edge computing-based IoT infrastructure, the architecture, enabling techniques, and issues related to IoT should be investigated first, and then the integration of fog/edge computing and IoT should be explored. To this end, this paper conducts a comprehensive overview of IoT with respect to system architecture, enabling technologies, security and privacy issues, and present the integration of fog/edge computing and IoT, and applications. Particularly, this paper first explores the relationship between cyber-physical systems and IoT, both of which play important roles in realizing an intelligent cyber-physical world. Then, existing architectures, enabling technologies, and security and privacy issues in IoT are presented to enhance the understanding of the state of the art IoT development. To investigate the fog/edge computing-based IoT, this paper also investigate the relationship between IoT and fog/edge computing, and discuss issues in fog/edge computing-based IoT. Finally, several applications, including the smart grid, smart transportation, and smart cities, are presented to demonstrate how fog/edge computing-based IoT to be implemented in real-world applications.
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The main drawback impeding the complete adoption of IoT is its weaknesses regarding cybersecurity, due to heterogeneous connectivity and resulting threats, which may bring major consequences to IoT technology users.
“The main drawback which impedes their complete adoption is their weaknesses regarding cybersecurity, which is due to the heterogeneous connectivity and resulting threats (privacy violation, etc.), and may bring about major consequences to IoT technology users [30].”
From A Review of Cybersecurity Guidelines for Manufacturing Factories in Industry 4.0 (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
The edge computing layer may function like the perception layer and supports control and execution over sensors and actuators, aiming to empower AIoT systems with the ability to perceive and behave.
“The edge computing layer may function like the perception layer in [13] and smart visual sensing block in [23]. It also supports control and execution over sensors and actuators. Thereby, this layer aims to empower AIoT systems with the ability to perceive and behave.”
From Empowering things with intelligence: a survey of the progress, challenges, and opportunities in artificial intelligence of things (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Lin, J., Yu, W., Zhang, N., Yang, X., Zhang, H., & Zhao, W.
- Affiliations
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Towson University (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Qingdao University (CN)
- University of Macau (MO)
- Venue
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1125-1142
- ISSN
- 2327-4662 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-2541
- OpenAlex
- W2596636257
- Cited by
- 2,793
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 230 · 2024: 239 · 2023: 314 · 2022: 327 · 2021: 443 · 2020: 409 · 2019: 407 · 2018: 239 · 2017: 54 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 201.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (CNS 1350145)
- USM Wilson H. Elkins Professorship fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IoT Networks and Protocols
- Keywords
- Internet of Things, fog computing, edge computing, IoT architecture, enabling technologies, Internet of Things security, IoT privacy, cyber-physical systems, smart grid, smart transportation, smart cities, distributed computing
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