The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy
Open accessAbstract
Metaverse, as an evolving paradigm of the next-generation Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal, and self-sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, and socialize. Driven by recent advances in emerging technologies such as extended reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, metaverse is stepping from science fiction to an upcoming reality. However, severe privacy invasions and security breaches (inherited from underlying technologies or emerged in the new digital ecology) of metaverse can impede its wide deployment. At the same time, a series of fundamental challenges (e.g., scalability and interoperability) can arise in metaverse security provisioning owing to the intrinsic characteristics of metaverse, such as immersive realism, hyper spatiotemporality, sustainability, and heterogeneity. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals, security, and privacy of metaverse. Specifically, we first investigate a novel distributed metaverse architecture and its key characteristics with ternary-world interactions. Then, we discuss the security and privacy threats, present the critical challenges of metaverse systems, and review the state-of-the-art countermeasures. Finally, we draw open research directions for building future metaverse systems.
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Cites
Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications
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Applications of Blockchains in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey
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A Layered Model for AI Governance
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“, from Section III to Section IX), based on existing surveys [42], [43], we classify a broad scope of security threats in the metaverse from the following seven dimensions: authentication & access control, data management, privacy, network, economy, physical/social effects, and governance.”
BackgroundMachine Learning Based Trust Computational Model for IoT Services
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Immersive virtual reality attacks and the human joystick
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Big Data Analysis-Based Security Situational Awareness for Smart Grid
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Background
Cited by
Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Metri, B., Buhalis, D., Cheung, C. M. K., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542 · Cited by 2,753
Al-Adwan, A. S., Li, N., Al-Adwan, A., Abbasi, G. A., Albelbisi, N. A., & Habibi, A. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11816-3 · Cited by 637
“Such findings are similar to those of previous related studies in the area of educational technology (Wang et al., 2022a ; Cabero-Almenara et al., 2019 ; Huang, 2019 ; Punnoose, 2012 ).”
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Self-citationEdge computing for Industry 5.0: fundamental, applications and research challenges
Sharma, M., Tomar, A., & Hazra, A. (2024) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3359297 · Cited by 312
Ali, S., Abdullah, Armand, T. P. T., Athar, A., Hussain, A., Ali, M., Yaseen, M., Joo, M.-I., & Kim, H.-C. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23020565 · Cited by 285
“If the metaverse‐enabling devices for example Oculus helmet and Meta Quest are attacked by hackers this may result in serious conse‐ quences [77].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X.
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
- Published
- 2023
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 319-352
- ISSN
- 1553-877X (ISSN-L)
- 2373-745X
- OpenAlex
- W4294891500
- Cited by
- 1,575
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 347.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2023). A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3202047
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