The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Learning Compact Binary Descriptors with Unsupervised Deep Neural Networks
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised deep learning approach called DeepBit to learn compact binary descriptor for efficient visual object matching. Unlike most existing binary descriptors which were designed with random projections or linear hash functions, we develop a deep neural network to learn binary descriptors in an unsupervised manner. We enforce three criterions on binary codes which are learned at the top layer of our network: 1) minimal loss quantization, 2) evenly distributed codes and 3) uncorrelated bits. Then, we learn the parameters of the networks with a back-propagation technique. Experimental results on three different visual analysis tasks including image matching, image retrieval, and object recognition clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.1556 · Cited by 114,148
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
Lowe, D. G. (2004) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94 · Cited by 55,589
Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation
Long, J., Shelhamer, E., & Darrell, T. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965 · Cited by 38,834
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
Dalal, N., & Triggs, B. (2005) · 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2005.177 · Cited by 33,584
Rich Feature Hierarchies for Accurate Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation
Girshick, R., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., & Malik, J. (2014) · 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.81 · Cited by 32,684
Learning Multiple Layers of Features from Tiny Images
Krizhevsky, A. (2024) · doi:10.57702/zp44cu3g · Cited by 23,395
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
Viola, P., & Jones, M. J. (2004) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1023/b:visi.0000013087.49260.fb · Cited by 14,097
Caffe: Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding
Jia, Y., Shelhamer, E., Donahue, J., Karayev, S., Long, J., Girshick, R., Guadarrama, S., & Darrell, T. (2014) · Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Multimedia · doi:10.1145/2647868.2654889 · Cited by 11,077
ORB: An efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF
Rublee, E., Rabaud, V., Konolige, K., & Bradski, G. (2011) · 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/iccv.2011.6126544 · Cited by 11,037
A performance evaluation of local descriptors
Mikolajczyk, K., & Schmid, C. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2005.188 · Cited by 6,723
Content-based image retrieval at the end of the early years
Smeulders, A. W. M., Worring, M., Santini, S., Gupta, A., & Jain, R. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.895972 · Cited by 6,056
CNN Features Off-the-Shelf: An Astounding Baseline for Recognition
Razavian, A. S., Azizpour, H., Sullivan, J., & Carlsson, S. (2014) · 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops · doi:10.1109/cvprw.2014.131 · Cited by 4,451
BRIEF: Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features
Calonder, M., Lepetit, V., Strecha, C., & Fua, P. (2010) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15561-1_56 · Cited by 3,597
BRISK: Binary Robust invariant scalable keypoints
Leutenegger, S., Chli, M., & Siegwart, R. Y. (2011) · 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/iccv.2011.6126542 · Cited by 3,450
Automated Flower Classification over a Large Number of Classes
Nilsback, M.-E., & Zisserman, A. (2008) · 2008 Sixth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icvgip.2008.47 · Cited by 3,442
Return of the Devil in the Details: Delving Deep into Convolutional Nets
Chatfield, K., Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2014) · Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2014 · doi:10.5244/c.28.6 · Cited by 3,335
Learning and Transferring Mid-level Image Representations Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Oquab, M., Bottou, L., Laptev, I., & Sivic, J. (2014) · 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.222 · Cited by 3,150 · cited 1×
“Oquab et al. [31] showed that transferring the mid-level image representations to a new domain can be achieved with a few amount of training data.”
BackgroundAutomatic Panoramic Image Stitching using Invariant Features
Brown, M., & Lowe, D. G. (2007) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-006-0002-3 · Cited by 2,665
Weiss, Y., Torralba, A. B., & Fergus, R. (2008) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 2,389
Robust real-time object detection.
Viola, P. A. (2001) · Cited by 2,340
Object class recognition by unsupervised scale-invariant learning
Fergus, R., Perona, P., & Zisserman, A. (2003) · 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings. · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211479 · Cited by 2,023
Zhang, J., Marszałek, M., Lazebnik, S., & Schmid, C. (2007) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-006-9794-4 · Cited by 1,923
Gong, Y., Lazebnik, S., Gordo, A., & Perronnin, F. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2012.193 · Cited by 1,834
Alahi, A., Ortiz, R., & Vandergheynst, P. (2012) · 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247715 · Cited by 1,775
The pyramid match kernel: discriminative classification with sets of image features
Grauman, K., & Darrell, T. (2005) · Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 · doi:10.1109/iccv.2005.239 · Cited by 1,481
Salakhutdinov, R., & Hinton, G. (2009) · International Journal of Approximate Reasoning · doi:10.1016/j.ijar.2008.11.006 · Cited by 1,246
Indexing based on scale invariant interest points
Mikolajczyk, K., & Schmid, C. (2002) · Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001 · doi:10.1109/iccv.2001.937561 · Cited by 1,101
Near-Optimal Hashing Algorithms for Approximate Nearest Neighbor in High Dimensions
Andoni, A., & Indyk, P. (2006) · 2006 47th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS'06) · doi:10.1109/focs.2006.49 · Cited by 1,067
Iterative quantization: A procrustean approach to learning binary codes
Gong, Y., & Lazebnik, S. (2011) · CVPR 2011 · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995432 · Cited by 1,038
Supervised Hashing for Image Retrieval via Image Representation Learning
Xia, R., Pan, Y., Lai, H., Liu, C., & Yan, S. (2014) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v28i1.8952 · Cited by 952
Simultaneous feature learning and hash coding with deep neural networks
Lai, H., Pan, Y., Liu, Y., & Yan, S. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298947 · Cited by 884
A Visual Vocabulary for Flower Classification
Nilsback, M.-E., & Zisserman, A. (2006) · 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (CVPR'06) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2006.42 · Cited by 824
Deep Learning for Content-Based Image Retrieval: A Comprehensive Study
Wan, J., Wang, D., Hoi, S. C. H., Wu, P., Zhu, J., Zhang, Y., & Li, J. (2014) · Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Multimedia · doi:10.1145/2647868.2654948 · Cited by 811
On feature combination for multiclass object classification
Gehler, P., & Nowozin, S. (2009) · 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/iccv.2009.5459169 · Cited by 797
Deep learning of binary hash codes for fast image retrieval
Lin, K., Yang, H.-F., Hsiao, J.-H., & Chen, C.-S. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301269 · Cited by 614
Self-citationLDAHash: Improved Matching with Smaller Descriptors
Strecha, C., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., & Fua, P. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2011.103 · Cited by 605
Semi-supervised hashing for scalable image retrieval
Wang, J., Kumar, S., & Chang, S.-F. (2010) · 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539994 · Cited by 601
Deep hashing for compact binary codes learning
Liong, V. E., Lu, J., Wang, G., Moulin, P., & Zhou, J. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298862 · Cited by 545
Self-citationDiscriminative Learning of Local Image Descriptors
Brown, M., Hua, G., & Winder, S. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2010.54 · Cited by 466
K-Means Hashing: An Affinity-Preserving Quantization Method for Learning Binary Compact Codes
He, K., Wen, F., & Sun, J. (2013) · 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2013.378 · Cited by 395
Heo, J.-P., Lee, Y., He, J., Chang, S.-F., & Yoon, S.-E. (2012) · 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248024 · Cited by 362
Object recognition with informative features and linear classification
Vidal-Naquet, & Ullman (2003) · Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/iccv.2003.1238356 · Cited by 266
Boosting Binary Keypoint Descriptors
Trzcinski, T. P., Christoudias, C. M., Fua, P., & Lepetit, V. (2013) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2013.370 · Cited by 179
Local Difference Binary for Ultrafast and Distinctive Feature Description
Yang, X. Y., & Cheng, K.-T. T. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2013.150 · Cited by 169
Coupled Binary Embedding for Large-Scale Image Retrieval
Zheng, L., Wang, S., & Tian, Q. C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2330763 · Cited by 148
LDB: An ultra-fast feature for scalable Augmented Reality on mobile devices
Yang, X., & Cheng, K.-T. T. (2012) · Proceedings - International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR · doi:10.1109/ismar.2012.6402537 · Cited by 128
Learning task-specific similarity
Shakhnarovich, G. (2005) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 125
Efficient Discriminative Projections for Compact Binary Descriptors
Trzcinski, T. P., & Lepetit, V. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33718-5_17 · Cited by 118
Learning Image Descriptors with Boosting
Trzcinski, T. P., Christoudias, C. M., & Lepetit, V. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2014.2343961 · Cited by 118
Receptive Fields Selection for Binary Feature Description
Fan, B., Kong, Q., Trzcinski, T. P., Wang, Z., Pan, C., & Fua, P. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2317981 · Cited by 87
BOLD - Binary online learned descriptor for efficient image matching
Balntas, V., Tang, L., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2015) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298850 · Cited by 75
USB: Ultrashort Binary Descriptor for Fast Visual Matching and Retrieval
Zhang, S. S., Tian, Q., Huang, Q., Gao, W., & Rui, Y. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2330794 · Cited by 69
OSRI: A Rotationally Invariant Binary Descriptor
Xu, X., Tian, L., Feng, J., & Zhou, J. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2324824 · Cited by 43
Self-citationYang, H., Lin, K., & Chen, C. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 28
Self-citation
Cited by
A Survey on Deep Hashing Methods
Luo, X., Wang, H., Wu, D., Chen, C., Deng, M., Huang, J., & Hua, X.-S. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data · doi:10.1145/3532624 · Cited by 241
Self-citationHPatches: A benchmark and evaluation of handcrafted and learned local descriptors
Balntas, V., Lenc, K., Vedaldi, A., Tuytelaars, T., Matas, J., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2915233 · Cited by 132
Wang, K., Ma, S., Chen, J., Ren, F., & Lu, J. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2020.3038898 · Cited by 114
“To learn compact binary descriptors, an unsupervised-based method was introduced in [69], which enforces the criterion of minimal loss quantization, uniformly distributed code, and uncorrelated bits.”
MethodSelf-citation(2018) · Cited by 22
Deep Unsupervised Binary Coding Networks for Multivariate Time Series Retrieval
Zhu, D., Song, D., Chen, Y., Lumezanu, C., Cheng, W., Zong, B., Ni, J., Mizoguchi, T., Yang, T., & Chen, H. (2020) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5497 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Lin, K., Lu, J., Chen, C.-S., & Zhou, J.
- Venue
- 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2016-06
- Pages
- 1183-1192
- ISSN
- 1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2461086877
- Cited by
- 363
- References
- 55
- FWCI
- 17.03
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.