The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A High-Efficiency High-Density Wide-Bandgap Device-Based Bidirectional On-Board Charger
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel two-stage topology for a 6.6-kW on-board charger. The first stage, employing an interleaved bridgeless totem-pole ac/dc in critical conduction mode to realize zero-voltage switching, is operated at over 300 kHz. A bidirectional CLLC resonant converter operating at 500 kHz is chosen for the second stage. A variable dc-link voltage is adopted to track the wide battery voltage range, so that the CLLC resonant converter can always operate at its most efficient point. The 1.2-kV SiC devices are adopted for the ac/dc stage and the primary side of dc/dc stage, while 650-V GaN devices are used for the secondary side of dc/dc stage. In addition, PCB winding coupled inductors and integrated transformer are implemented in ac/dc stage and dc/dc stage, respectively, for the purpose of high density and manufacture automation. The proposed structure is demonstrated to have 37-W/in3power density and above 96% efficiency over the entire battery voltage range, which far exceeds the current practice.
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In [109], a two-stage bidirectional OBC configuration was presented by Virginia Tech., Centre for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), consisting of an interleaved two-channel totem pole (TP) PFC in the first stage and a CLLC converter in the next stage.”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“The charger in this study has a rated power of 6.6 kW.The power density of the proposed configuration is 2.3 kW/L and can perform the job at a maximum efficiency of 96.2%.”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [109]
Citations
Cites
Performance characterization of a high-power dual active bridge DC-to-DC converter
Kheraluwala, M. N., Gascoigne, R. W., Divan, D. M., & Baumann, E. D. (1992) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.175280 · Cited by 1,502
Performance improvements of interleaving VRMs with coupling inductors
Wong, P.-L., Xu, P., Yang, P., & Lee, F. C. (2001) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/63.931059 · Cited by 679
Self-citationOptimal Design Methodlogy for LLC Resonant Converter
Lu, B., Liu, W., Liang, Y., Lee, F. C., & van Wyk, J. D. (2006) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.2006.1620590 · Cited by 623
Self-citationFei, C., Lee, F. C., & Li, Q. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2674599 · Cited by 511
Self-citationOggier, G. G., García, G. O., & Oliva, A. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2010.2072966 · Cited by 498
Whitaker, B., Barkley, A., Cole, Z., Passmore, B., Martin, D., McNutt, T. R., Lostetter, A. B., Lee, J. S., & Shiozaki, K. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2279950 · Cited by 442
Xue, L. L., Shen, Z., Boroyevich, D., Mattavelli, P., & Diaz, D. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2413815 · Cited by 423
Evaluation and Application of 600 V GaN HEMT in Cascode Structure
Huang, X., Liu, Z., Li, Q., & Lee, F. C. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2276127 · Cited by 415
Self-citationAnalytical Loss Model of High Voltage GaN HEMT in Cascode Configuration
Huang, X., Li, Q., Liu, Z., & Lee, F. C. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2267804 · Cited by 294
Self-citationSu, B., Zhang, J., & Lü, Z. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2010.2059046 · Cited by 272
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Extreme Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Technology Overview
Tu, H., Feng, H., Srdic, S., & Lukic, S. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2019.2958709 · Cited by 898
Global Trends in High-Power On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Khaligh, A., & D'Antonio, M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2897050 · Cited by 652
Khalid, M. R., Khan, I., Hameed, S., Asghar, M. S. J., & Ro, J. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112189 · Cited by 370
Bidirectional Onboard Chargers for Electric Vehicles: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends
Wouters, H., & Martinez, W. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2023.3319996 · Cited by 280
Reliability of Power Electronic Systems for EV/HEV Applications
Blaabjerg, F., Wang, H., Vernica, I., Liu, B., & Davari, P. (2021) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3031041 · Cited by 249
“is moving toward bidirectional charging, where EV/HEV can support the power grid by feeding the battery power back to the grid [31].”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, B., Li, Q., Lee, F. C., Liu, Z., & Yang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Analog Devices (United States) (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1627-1636
- ISSN
- 2168-6777 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6785
- OpenAlex
- W2807791857
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DE-EE0006834)
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Keywords
- wide bandgap devices, SiC, GaN, CLLC resonant converter, zero-voltage switching, critical conduction mode, variable DC-link voltage, battery charging, power density, integrated transformer, high-efficiency power conversion
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