Clinician-Driven Design of VitalPAD–An Intelligent Monitoring and Communication Device to Improve Patient Safety in the Intensive Care Unit
Open accessAbstract
The pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) is a complex environment, in which a multidisciplinary team of clinicians (registered nurses, respiratory therapists, and physicians) continually observe and evaluate patient information. Data are provided by multiple, and often physically separated sources, cognitive workload is high, and team communication can be challenging. Our aim is to combine information from multiple monitoring and therapeutic devices in a mobile application, the VitalPAD, to improve the efficiency of clinical decision-making, communication, and thereby patient safety. We observed individual ICU clinicians, multidisciplinary rounds, and handover procedures for 54 h to identify data needs, workflow, and existing cognitive aid use and limitations. A prototype was developed using an iterative participatory design approach; usability testing, including general and task-specific feedback, was obtained from 15 clinicians. Features included map overviews of the ICU showing clinician assignment, patient status, and respiratory support; patient vital signs; a photo-documentation option for arterial blood gas results; and team communication and reminder functions. Clinicians reported the prototype to be an intuitive display of vital parameters and relevant alerts and reminders, as well as a user-friendly communication tool. Future work includes implementation of a prototype, which will be evaluated under simulation and real-world conditions, with the aim of providing ICU staff with a monitoring device that will improve their daily work, communication, and decision-making capacity. Mobile monitoring of vital signs and therapy parameters might help improve patient safety in wards with single-patient rooms and likely has applications in many acute and critical care settings.
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ICU staff demand a patient monitoring device to interoperate with other medical devices for detailed comparisons of vital parameters and trend analysis in the context of medication, ventilation, fluid balance, and more.
“ICU staff demand a patient monitoring device to interoperate with other medical devices for detailed comparisons of vital parameters and trend analysis in the context of medication, ventilation, fluid balance, and more, as recently suggested by Flohr et al [35].”
From Clinical requirements of future patient monitoring in the intensive care unit: qualitative study (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
The use of tablet computers with access to electronic medical records or multiparameter monitoring has been perceived as beneficial in inpatient settings.
“The use of tablet computers with access to electronic medical records or multiparameter monitoring has been perceived as beneficial in inpatient settings [35,41].”
From Clinical requirements of future patient monitoring in the intensive care unit: qualitative study (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
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Islam, H., Li, X., Rana, M. K. Z., Alaboud, K., Paul, T., Maruf, A., & Mosa, A. S. M. (2022) · Workshop on Visual Analytics in Healthcare (VAHC) · doi:10.1109/vahc57815.2022.10108524 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ranganathan, M., Marannan, P., & Venkitusamy, K. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0134386
Clinically Prioritized Data Visualization in Remote Patient Monitoring
Arora, T., Balasubramanian, V., Stranieri, A., & Neupane, A. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob) · doi:10.1109/wimob58348.2023.10187847
Quality and Safety Standards in Health Services: Development and Implementation
Petryk, S., Zenkina, V. I., Stepanenko, V., Shevchuk, A., & Yurchenko, K. (2024) · Revista de la Universidad del Zulia · doi:10.46925//rdluz.43.15
Intelligent Reconstruction and Effectiveness Evaluation of Nursing Workflow for Future Hospitals
Su, M., & Wang, D. (2024) · Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences · doi:10.2478/amns-2024-3248
Arun, S., Sykes, E. R., & Tanbeer, S. K. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85908-3_4
Strategies for Enhancing Quality and Safety in Medical Services: Development and Implementation
Petryk, S., Stepanenko, V., Shevchuk, A., & Yurchenko, K. (2025) · Health Leadership and Quality of Life · doi:10.56294/hl2025707
Adaptive and User-Centered HCI for Intelligent Technologies: A Global Perspective
Abdurrohman (2024) · Digitus : Journal of Computer Science Applications · doi:10.61978/digitus.v2i4.854
Psychological Counseling and Social Work: Saudi Perspective on Mental Health Care
Alanazi, T. N. L., Alanazi, S. M. A., Alahmadi, H. M. H., Alenezi, I. R. B., & Alanazi, A. N. O. (2025) · International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering · doi:10.22399/ijcesen.4015
Pharma Bot-Vision integrated Autonomous Medicine Deliver Robot in Healthcare
Gandhi, R. R. R., Ashwin, S., Nathan, M. G., Ganeshkumar, S., & Divnesh, S. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Signal Processing and Effective Communication Technologies (INSPECT) · doi:10.1109/inspect67393.2025.11350510
Synergizing IoT and ESP32 Microcontroller for Enhanced Patient Monitoring System
Sam, A. E., & Sembuli, C. B. (2026) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99219-3_28
- Authors
- Flohr, L., Beaudry, S., Johnson, K. T., West, N., Burns, C. M., Ansermino, J. M., Dumont, G. A., Wensley, D., Skippen, P., & Gorges, M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 1-14
- ISSN
- 2168-2372 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5853765
- OpenAlex
- W2789947784
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UWSpace (University of Waterloo) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-149042)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Keywords
- pediatric intensive care unit, patient safety, mobile health apps, clinical decision support, team communication, multidisciplinary rounds, handover process, mental workload, participatory design, usability testing, vital signs monitoring, respiratory support, single-patient rooms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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