A near-infrared heart rate measurement IC with very low cutoff frequency using current steering technique
Abstract
A near-infrared heart-rate measurement IC that processes the photoplethysmographic signal was designed using a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The IC consists of a current-to-voltage (I-V) converter, a buffer, a sample-and-hold circuit, a second-order continuous-time low-pass filter (CT-LPF), a comparator, and a timing circuit that is used to pulse the external light-emitting diode with a very low duty cycle to reduce its power consumption. The current steering technique is employed in the design of the CT-LPF to meet the requirement for very low cutoff frequency. The circuit operates from a 3-V lithium battery, occupies a core area of 0.46 mm/sup 2/ and has a power consumption of 4.5 mW. The measurement results corroborate with simulation results and show that the CT-LPF can achieve a cutoff frequency of as low as 0.25 Hz. This demonstrates the feasibility of current steering technique in the design of filter for low-frequency application.
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PPG signals are low-amplitude signals and have a normal pulse frequency within the range of 0.5 to 4 Hz.
“PPG signals are low-amplitude signals and have a normal pulse frequency within the range of 0.5 to 4 Hz [195,196].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [195]
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Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring
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- Authors
- Wong, A., Pun, K.-P., Zhang, Y.-T., & Hung, K.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2642-2647
- ISSN
- 1057-7122 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032268434
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Fundamental Theory and Applications (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Low-power high-performance VLSI design
- Keywords
- photoplethysmography, current steering, current-to-voltage converter, sample-and-hold circuit, low-power integrated circuits, low-frequency signal processing, lithium batteries
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