Multichannel reflective PPG earpiece sensor with passive motion cancellation
Abstract
This paper addresses the design considerations of a novel earpiece photoplethymograph (PPG) sensor and its in-situ evaluation results. The device is encapsulated with multiple LEDs and photodiodes based on a reflective PPG design. A compact and low power circuitry was developed for signal control and conditioning. PPG signals with an averaged ac/dc ratio of 0.001-0.01 and 10% relative strength (compared to finger-based approach) were recorded from the superior and posterior auricular skins. The integrity of PPG signal and accuracy of heart rate detection were evaluated and the results showed that with adequate optical shielding and the proposed passive motion cancellation, the device was able to reliably detect heart rate both during rest and moderate exercise. The proposed sensor design is low power, easy to wear compared to conventional earlobe PPG devices.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Wang et al.'s ear-worn sensor method was effective in shielding from noise due to ambient light, as the DC level of the PPG signal was less than 2 nA when the LEDs were switched off.
“This method was found to be effective in shielding from noise due to ambient light, as the DC level of the PPG signal was considerably low (measured to be less than 2 nA) when the LEDs were switched off.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [200]
Cites
Yang, G. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-84628-484-8 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Drake, R. L., Vogl, A. W., & Mitchell, A. W. (2004) · Cited by 512 · see citing works
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF VARIOUS SKIN AREAS AS ESTIMATED BY THE PHOTOELECTRIC PLETHYSMOGRAPH
Hertzman, A. B. (1938) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1938.124.2.328 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
(1997) · Institute of Physics eBooks · doi:10.1887/0750304677 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
(1997) · Series in medical physics and biomedical engineering · doi:10.1201/9781420050790 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Artifact-resistant power-efficient design of finger-ring plethysmographic sensors
Rhee, S., Yang, B.-H., & Asada, H. H. (2001) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.930904 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Obituary: Yukio Mano (1943–2004)
Ikoma, K. (2005) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-2-1 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Reduction of motion artifact in pulse oximetry by smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution
Yan, Y. S., Poon, C. C. Y., & Zhang, Y. (2005) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-2-3 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Pulse oximetry in the oesophagus
Kyriacou, P. A. (2005) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/27/1/r01 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Design of filter to reject motion artifact of pulse oximetry
Lee, J., Jung, W.-G., Kang, I., Kim, Y., & Lee, G.-K. (2003) · Computer Standards & Interfaces · doi:10.1016/s0920-5489(03)00077-1 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Optical noninvasive monitoring of skin blood pulsations
Spīgulis, J. (2005) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.44.001850 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mendelson, Y., & Pujary, C. J. (2004) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2003.1280775 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Multilayer Modeling of Reflectance Pulse Oximetry
Reuss, J. L. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2004.840188 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Artifact reduction in photoplethysmography
Hayes, M., & Smith, P. R. (1998) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.37.007437 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Wong, A., Pun, K.-P., Zhang, Y.-T., & Hung, K. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2005.857767 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wrist-located pulse detection using IR signals, activity and nonlinear artifact cancellation
Renevey, P., Vetter, R., Krauss, J., Celka, P., & Depeursinge, Y. (2005) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2001.1017437 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Gibbs, P., & Asada, H. H. (2005) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.1109/acc.2005.1470193 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Wearable Multisensor Heart Rate Monitor
Grajales, L., & Nicolaescu, I. V. (2006) · Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks · doi:10.1109/bsn.2006.58 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Exercise and Sports Cardiology
Thompson, P. D., & Fernández, A. B. (2016) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE) eBooks · doi:10.1142/q0045-vol1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Processing of Pulse Oximeter Data Using Discrete Wavelet Analysis
Lee, S., Ibey, B. L., Xü, W., Wilson, M. A., Ericson, M. N., & Coté, G. L. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.847538 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Signal quality and power consumption of a new prototype reflectance pulse oximeter sensor
Branche, P. C., & Mendelson, Y. (2005) · Proceedings of the IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference · doi:10.1109/nebc.2005.1431917 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Active Motion Artifact Reduction for Wearable Sensors Using Laguerre Expansion and Signal Separation
Wood, L. B., & Asada, H. H. (2005) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2005.1617251 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Design And Clinical Use Of A Reflective Brachial Photoplethysmograph
Maguire, M. F., & Ward, T. E. (2002) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nogawa, M., Tanaka, S., Shibata, M., & Yamakoshi, K.-I. (2005) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2004.1403649 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exercise and Sports Cardiology
Thompson, P. D., & Fernández, A. B. (2016) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE) eBooks · doi:10.1142/q0045 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 27 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wearable photoplethysmographic sensors—past and present
Tamura, T., Maeda, Y., Sekine, M., & Yoshida, M. (2014) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics3020282 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
“01 and 10% relative strength compared with the finger-based approach were recorded from superior and posterior auricular skin [25].”
BackgroundResultUnobtrusive Sensing and Wearable Devices for Health Informatics
Zheng, Y.-L., Ding, X., Poon, C. C. Y., Lo, B. P. L., Zhang, H., Zhou, X.-L., Yang, G., Zhao, N., & Zhang, Y. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2014.2309951 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Photoplethysmography Revisited: From Contact to Noncontact, From Point to Imaging
Sun, Y., & Thakor, N. V. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2015.2476337 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Bonato, P. (2010) · IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine · doi:10.1109/memb.2010.936554 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring
Fine, J., Branan, K. L., Rodriguez, A. J., Boonya-ananta, T., Ajmal, Ramella-Roman, J. C., McShane, M. J., & Coté, G. L. (2021) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios11040126 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Wearable Medical Systems for p-Health
Teng, X.-F., Zhang, Y.-T., Poon, C. C. Y., & Bonato, P. (2008) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2008.2008248 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Advances in Photopletysmography Signal Analysis for Biomedical Applications
Moraes, J. L., Rocha, M. X., Vasconcelos, G. G., Vasconcelos Filho, J. E., De Albuquerque, V. H. C., & Alexandria, A. R. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18061894 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Biswas, D., Everson, L. R., Liu, M., Panwar, M., Verhoef, B.-E., Patki, S., Kim, C. H., Acharyya, A., Hoof, C. A. V., Konijnenburg, M., et al. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2892297 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Current progress of photoplethysmography and SPO2 for health monitoring
TAMURA, T. (2019) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-019-00097-w · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Motion-tolerant magnetic earring sensor and wireless earpiece for wearable photoplethysmography
Poh, M., Swenson, N. C., & Picard, R. W. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine · doi:10.1109/titb.2010.2042607 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Wearable electrochemical sensors for forensic and clinical applications
Ferreira, P. C., Ataide, V. N., Chagas, C. L. S., Angnes, L., Coltro, W. K. T., Paixão, T. R. L. C., & de Araujo, W. R. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.115622 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Wearable Devices for Precision Medicine and Health State Monitoring
Jeong, I. C., Bychkov, D., & Searson, P. C. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2018.2871638 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The use of pervasive sensing for behaviour profiling — a survey
Atallah, L., & Yang, G. (2009) · Pervasive and Mobile Computing · doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.06.009 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Motion Artifact Reduction for Wrist-Worn Photoplethysmograph Sensors Based on Different Wavelengths
Zhang, Y., Song, S., Vullings, R., Biswas, D., Simões-Capela, N., van Helleputte, N., van Hoof, C., & Groenendaal, W. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19030673 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Body Sensor Networks: In the Era of Big Data and Beyond
Poon, C. C. Y., Lo, B. P. L., Yuce, M. R., Alomainy, A., & Hao, Y. (2015) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2015.2427254 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Scardulla, F., Cosoli, G., Spinsante, S., Poli, A., Iadarola, G., Pernice, R., Busacca, A., Pasta, S., Scalise, L., & D’Acquisto, L. (2023) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113150 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A Review of Deep Learning-Based Contactless Heart Rate Measurement Methods
Ni, A., Azarang, A., & Kehtarnavaz, N. (2021) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21113719 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Röddiger, T., Clarke, C., Breitling, P., Schneegans, T., Zhao, H., Gellersen, H. W., & Beigl, M. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3550314 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Evaluation of biases in remote photoplethysmography methods
Dasari, A., Prakash, S. K. A., Jeni, L. A., & Tucker, C. S. (2021) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00462-z · Cited by 98 · see citing works
A Flexible, Low Noise Reflective PPG Sensor Platform for Ear-Worn Heart Rate Monitoring
Patterson, J. A. C., McIlwraith, D. C., & Yang, G.-Z. (2009) · 2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks · doi:10.1109/bsn.2009.16 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
A Wireless Biomedical Signal Interface System-on-Chip for Body Sensor Networks
Wang, L., Yang, G.-Z., Huang, J., Zhang, J., Yu, L., Nie, Z., & Cumming, D. R. S. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2009.2038228 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Monitoring physiological signals using nonintrusive sensors installed in daily life equipment
Lim, Y. G., Hong, K. H., Kim, K. K., Shin, J. H., Lee, S. M., Chung, G. S., Baek, H. J., Jeong, D., & Park, K. S. (2011) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-011-0012-0 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Advances in wearable technology and its medical applications
Bonato, P. (2010) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5628037 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Photoplethysmography-Based Method for Automatic Detection of Premature Ventricular Contractions
Sološenko, A., Petrėnas, A., & Marozas, V. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2015.2477437 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ahn, H., Song, H., Choi, J., & Kim, K. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18010098 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Point-of-care biosensor system
Vasan, A. S. S. (2012) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar · doi:10.2741/s357 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
In-Ear Vital Signs Monitoring Using a Novel Microoptic Reflective Sensor
Vogel, S., Hülsbusch, M., Hennig, T., Blažek, V., & Leonhardt, S. K. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine · doi:10.1109/titb.2009.2033268 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Reduction of Periodic Motion Artifacts in Photoplethysmography
Wijshoff, R. W. C. G. R., Mischi, M., & Aarts, R. M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2016.2553060 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Arrhythmia detection and classification using ECG and PPG techniques: a review
Neha, N., Sardana, H. K., Kanwade, R., & Tewary, S. (2021) · Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13246-021-01072-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Lee, H., Chung, H., Ko, H., & Lee, J. (2018) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2801385 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
In-Ear Pulse Rate Measurement: A Valid Alternative to Heart Rate Derived from Electrocardiography?
Passler, S., Müller, N., & Senner, V. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19173641 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A Wearable Respiratory Biofeedback System Based on Generalized Body Sensor Network
Liu, G., Huang, B.-Y., & Wang, L. (2011) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2010.0182 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Wearable Intelligent Systems for E-Health
Poon, C. C. Y., Liu, Q., Gao, H., Lin, W.-H., & Zhang, Y. (2011) · Journal of Computing Science and Engineering · doi:10.5626/jcse.2011.5.3.246 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Peralta, E., Lázaro, J. M., Bailón, R., Marozas, V., & Gil, E. (2019) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ab009b · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Warren, K., Harvey, J. S., Chon, K. H., & Mendelson, Y. (2016) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s16030342 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Is Continuous Heart Rate Monitoring of Livestock a Dream or Is It Realistic? A Review
Nie, L., Berckmans, D., Wang, C., & Li, B. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20082291 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Reducing motion artifacts in photoplethysmograms by using relative sensor motion: Phantom study
Wijshoff, R. W. C. G. R., Mischi, M., Veen, J., & Van Der Lee, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.17.11.117007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Application of a Piezo-Resistive Cardiorespiratory Sensor System in an Automobile Safety Belt
Hamdani, S. T. A., & Fernando, A. (2015) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s150407742 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Noncontact Proximity Vital Sign Sensor Based on PLL for Sensitivity Enhancement
Hong, Y., Kim, S.-G., Kim, B., Ha, S.-J., Lee, H., Yun, G., & Yook, J. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2013.2280913 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Optimizing a novel PPG sensor patch via optical simulations towards accurate heart rates
Pribadi, E. F., Pandey, R. K., & Chao, P. C.-P. (2020) · Microsystem Technologies · doi:10.1007/s00542-020-04895-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Feasibility of Intelligent Monitoring of Construction Workers for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Forsyth, J. B., Martin, T. L., Young-Corbett, D. E., & Dorsa, E. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tase.2012.2197390 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Advances in PPG Sensors Data Acquisition With Light-to-Digital Converters: A Review
Chettri, N., Aprile, A., Bonizzoni, E., & Malcovati, P. (2024) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3420170 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A Multi-Modal Sensor for a Bed-Integrated Unobtrusive Vital Signs Sensing Array
Yu, X., Neu, W., Vetter, P., Bollheimer, L. C., Leonhardt, S. K., Teichmann, D., & Antink, C. H. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2911199 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Choi, J., Choi, M.-G., Kim, J., & Bae, H. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2013.2255052 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Drunken Drive Protection System
Vijay, J. N., Saritha, B., Priyadharshini, B., Deepeka, S., & Laxmi, R. (2013) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Review of Patient Bed Sensors for Monitoring of Vital Signs
Recmanik, M., Martínek, R., Nedoma, J., Jaroš, R., Pelc, M., Hájovský, R., Velička, J., Pieš, M., Sevcakova, M., & Kawala‐Sterniuk, A. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24154767 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chen, C.-M., Kwasnicki, R. M., Lo, B. P. L., & Yang, G. (2014) · Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks · doi:10.1109/bsn.2014.33 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A 0.5-Hz High-Pass Cutoff Dual-Loop Transimpedance Amplifier for Wearable NIR Sensing Device
Wong, A., Leung, K. N., Pun, K., & Zhang, Y. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2010.2048401 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A Driver’s Physiological Monitoring System Based on a Wearable PPG Sensor and a Smartphone
Lin, Y., Lin, C.-F., & You, H.-Z. (2011) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23948-9_36 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Evaluation of Bluetooth Hands-Free profile for sensors applications in smartphone platforms
Dominicis, C. M. D., Mazzotti, D., Piccinelli, M., Rinaldi, S., Vezzoli, A., & Depari, A. (2012) · IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) · doi:10.1109/sas.2012.6166305 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Overview of Wearable Healthcare Devices for Clinical Decision Support in the Prehospital Setting
Gathright, R., Mejia, I., Gonzalez, J. M., Torres, S. I. H., Berard, D., & Snider, E. J. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24248204 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Novel Headset with a Transmissive PPG Sensor for Heart Rate Measurement
Shin, K., Kim, Y., Bae, S., Park, K., & Kim, S. (2009) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92841-6_127 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ballaji, H. K., Correia, R. G., Korposh, S., Hayes‐Gill, B., Hernandez, F. U., Salisbury, B., & Morgan, S. P. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20226568 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A novel method based on two cameras for accurate estimation of arterial oxygen saturation
Liu, H., Ivanov, K., Wang, Y., & Wang, L. (2015) · BioMedical Engineering OnLine · doi:10.1186/s12938-015-0045-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Body Sensor Networks for Sport, Wellbeing and Health
McIlwraith, D. G., & Yang, G. (2009) · Signals and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01341-6_13 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Photoplethysmography Based Arrhythmia Detection and Classification
Neha, N., Kanawade, R. V., Tewary, S., & Sardana, H. K. (2019) · International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN) · doi:10.1109/spin.2019.8711737 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Julián, P. A., Kontaxis, S., Rapalis, A., Marozas, V., Laguna, P., Bailón, R., Gil, E., & Lázaro, J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Electronics · doi:10.3389/felec.2022.906324 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
From Enabling Technology to Clinical Applications
Bonato, P. (2010) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chao, P. C.-P., Chiang, P.-Y., Kao, Y.-H., Tu, T.-Y., Yang, C., Tarng, D., & Wey, C. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18113854 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Influence of motion artifacts on photoplethysmographic signals for measuring pulse rates
Lee, Y., Han, H., & Kim, J. (2008) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · doi:10.1109/iccas.2008.4694635 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liao, S., Liu, H., Lin, W.-H., Zheng, D., & Chen, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1172150 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Toward a mixed-signal reconfigurable ASIC for real-time activity recognition
Wang, L., Thiemjarus, S., Lo, B. P. L., & Yang, G. (2008) · IEEE/EMBS International Summer School on Medical Devices and Biosensors (ISSS-MDBS) · doi:10.1109/issmdbs.2008.4575060 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wearable Healthcare monitoring system: A survey
Warbhe, S. N., & Karmore, S. P. (2015) · International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS) · doi:10.1109/ecs.2015.7124795 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tissue Oxygenation Sensor and an ActiveIn VitroPhantom for Sensor Validation
Chen, C.-M., Kwasnicki, R. M., Curto, V. F., Yang, G., & Lo, B. P. L. (2019) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2917122 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
An Earbud‐Based Photoplethysmography and its Application
Tomita, Y., & Mitsukura, Y. (2017) · Electronics and Communications in Japan · doi:10.1002/ecj.12019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Low-Power Heart Rate Sensor with Adaptive Heartbeat Locked Loop
Ma, Z., Chen, C., Wang, M., Zhao, Y., Ying, L., Wang, G., & Zhao, J. P. (2021) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401726 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Medical wearable technologies: Applications, problems and solutions
Bostancı, E. (2015) · Medical Technologies National Conference · doi:10.1109/tiptekno.2015.7374111 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Heart Rate Extraction in a Headphone Using Infrared Thermometry
de Graaf, G., Cruz, D. K., Haartsen, J. C., Hooijschuur, F. N. M., & French, P. J. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2930312 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sensor factors influencing photoplethysmography
Timimi, A. Y. K., & Ali, M. A. M. (2014) · IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS) · doi:10.1109/apccas.2014.7032808 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
TAMURA, T., & Maeda, Y. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69362-0_6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Valero-Sarmiento, J. M., Ahmmed, P., & Bozkurt, A. Y. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20247335 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Qian, Z., Takezawa, Y., Shimokawa, K., Kino, H., Fukushima, T., Kiyoyama, K., & Tanaka, T. (2018) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.7567/jjap.57.04fm11 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stevens, G., Hantson, L., Larmuseau, M., Heerman, J. R., Siau, V., & Verdonck, P. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24123766 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Asynchronous noise removal for earbud-based PPG sensors
Tomita, Y. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590689 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Acquisition technology research of EEG and related physiological signals under +Gz acceleration
Li, Y., Zhang, T., Deng, L., & Wang, B. (2013) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-013-0988-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wearable biomedical parameter monitoring system: A review
Kale, S., Mane, S., & Patil, P. (2017) · International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) · doi:10.1109/iceca.2017.8203611 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wearable Sensors for Vital Signs: A Review of 20 Years and Future Directions
Suo, Y., Guo, H., Yu, R., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Integrated Circuits and Systems · doi:10.23919/ics.2024.3511474 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nonintrusive measurement of biological signals for ubiquitous healthcare
Park, K. S. (2009) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5334000 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Přibil, J., Přibilová, A., & Frollo, I. (2023) · Measurement Science Review · doi:10.2478/msr-2023-0028 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Distributed inferencing with ambient and wearable sensors
Atallah, L., McIlwraith, D. G., Thiemjarus, S., Lo, B. P. L., & Yang, G. (2010) · Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing · doi:10.1002/wcm.893 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Xie, M., Zhu, D. K., Song, H. H., & Wang, W. (2023) · IEEE/ACM Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies · doi:10.1145/3580252.3586971 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Přibil, J., Přibilová, A., & Frollo, I. (2024) · Journal of Electrical Engineering · doi:10.2478/jee-2024-0015 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Landicho, L. C. L., Magbalon, I. R., & Reyes, C. P. S. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering · doi:10.1109/iccsce.2015.7482173 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Přibil, J., Přibilová, A., & Frollo, I. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13163297 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
(2022) · Letters in Applied NanoBioScience · doi:10.33263/lianbs123.089 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Estimating multiple health parameters using PSoC controller
Patil, P. N., & Sawant, S. (2016) · International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques · doi:10.1109/iceeot.2016.7755405 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Research Issues in Pervasive Health Care Monitoring Applications and Systems
Díez, I. D. L. T., López-Coronado, M., Martínez-Pérez, B., Rodriges, J. J. P. C., González, J. H., Castillo-Sánchez, G., & Berbey-Álvarez, A. (2018) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Current Status and Development Tendency of Wearable Cardiac Health Monitoring
Wang, Y., Zhao, Z., & Li, J. (2023) · Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering · doi:10.23919/cjee.2023.000016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wearable Sensors for Vital Signs: A Review of 20 Years in BioCAS and Future Directions
Suo, Y., Zhao, Y., & Lian, Y. (2024) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798313 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
An Earbud-based Photoplethysmography and its Application
Tomita, Y., Suzuki, S., & Mitsukura, Y. (2017) · IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems · doi:10.1541/ieejeiss.137.236 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Device Development for Evaluation of Gingiva Microcirculation
Lotfi, H., Vassilenko, V., Bonifácio, P., & Falcão, B. (2020) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45124-0_41 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lin, L., Gao, B., & Gong, M. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and Computer Applications (AEECA) · doi:10.1109/aeeca49918.2020.9213683 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Design and Implementation of IoT based Cloud enabled Wireless Biometric Monitoring Device
Ramamoorthy, K. M. K., & Mirzaei, S. (2021) · IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON) · doi:10.1109/iemcon53756.2021.9623137 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Feasibility study of a wearable carbon monoxide warning system for construction workers
Forsyth, J. B., Martin, T. L., Young-Corbett, D. E., & Dorsa, E. (2011) · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications · doi:10.1109/percom.2011.5767592 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mohine, S., Phukan, N., Manikandan, M. S., & Pachori, R. B. (2026) · Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13239-026-00819-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tele-, Mobile- and Web-Based Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine
Andreadis, I. I., & Nikita, K. S. (2019) · Series in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5092-3_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Light source driver, photodiode and impedance sensing in plethysmographic measurements
Borik, Š., Malíková, I., Miersch, J., Laqua, D., Ley, S., & Husár, P. (2014) · ELEKTRO · doi:10.1109/elektro.2014.6848952 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effect of Filtering on Pulse Wave Transit Time Measured by Photoplethysmography
Liao, S., Chen, F., Liu, H., & Zheng", D. (2022) · Computing in cardiology · doi:10.22489/cinc.2022.135 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wearable Pulse Oximetry in Construction Environments
Forsyth, J. B. (2010) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Representation of Vital Signs in Minimal Parameter Set
Zhao, J., Wang, L., Mei, Z., & Guo, Y. W. (2010) · International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/icbbe.2010.5514798
- Authors
- Wang, L., Lo, B. P., & Yang, G.-Z.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 235-241
- ISSN
- 1932-4545 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-9990
- OpenAlex
- W2109125512
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/E044298/1, EP/C547586/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- photoplethysmography, heartbeat detection, optical shielding, exercise monitoring
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
