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Three Fingerprints of Memristor
Abstract
This paper illustrates that for a device to be a memristor it should exhibit three characteristic fingerprints: 1) When driven by a bipolar periodic signal the device must exhibit a “pinched hysteresis loop” in the voltage-current plane, assuming the response is periodic. 2) Starting from some critical frequency, the hysteresis lobe area should decrease monotonically as the excitation frequency increases, and 3) the pinched hysteresis loop should shrink to a single-valued function when the frequency tends to infinity. Examples of memristors exhibiting these three fingerprints, along with non-memristors exhibiting only a subset of these fingerprints are also presented. In addition, two different types of pinched hysteresis loops; the transversal (self-crossing) and the non-transversal (tangential) loops exhibited by memristors are also discussed with its identification criterion.
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“Numerous examples of pinched hysteresis loops of memristors can be found in [3], [13], [22].”
From Everything You Wish to Know About Memristors But Are Afraid to Ask (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
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Cites
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Memristor—The Missing Circuit Element
Chua, L. (1971) · IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory · doi:10.1109/tct.1971.1083337 · Cited by 10,268
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Self-citationResistance switching memories are memristors
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Self-citationMemory effects in complex materials and nanoscale systems
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“For the examples presented in [13] it was noted that non-transversal loops occurred when and are even functions of , where , but this was not a necessary condition as transversal pinched hysteresis loops were observed in unipolar resistance switching devices where and were even functions of .”
BackgroundHODGKIN–HUXLEY AXON IS MADE OF MEMRISTORS
CHUA, L., SBITNEV, V., & KIM, H. (2012) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos · doi:10.1142/s021812741230011x · Cited by 319
Self-citationNonlinear circuit foundations for nanodevices, part I: the four-element torus
Chua, L. O. (2003) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2003.818319 · Cited by 263
Self-citationPinched hysteretic loops of ideal memristors, memcapacitors and meminductors must be ‘self-crossing’
Biolek, D., Biolek, Z., & Biolkova, V. (2011) · Electronics Letters · doi:10.1049/el.2011.2913 · Cited by 145
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Sorted by citations
If it's pinched it's a memristor
Chua, L. (2014) · Semiconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0268-1242/29/10/104001 · Cited by 685
Self-citationEverything You Wish to Know About Memristors But Are Afraid to Ask
Chua, L. (2015) · Radioengineering · doi:10.13164/re.2015.0319 · Cited by 481
“Numerous examples of pinched hysteresis loops of memristors can be found in [3], [13], [22].”
BackgroundSelf-citationReview on chaotic dynamics of memristive neuron and neural network
Lin, H., Wang, C., Deng, Q., Xu, C., Deng, Z., & Zhou, C. (2021) · Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-021-06853-x · Cited by 308
Multiple attractors in a non-ideal active voltage-controlled memristor based Chua's circuit
Quan, X., Lin, Y., Bao, B., & Mo, C. (2016) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2015.12.007 · Cited by 260
Ling, H., Koutsouras, D. A., Kazemzadeh, S., van de Burgt, Y., Yan, F., & Gkoupidenis, P. (2020) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.5122249 · Cited by 301
Memristor, Hodgkin–Huxley, and Edge of Chaos
Chua, L. (2013) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/38/383001 · Cited by 253
Self-citationKong, X., Yu, F., Yao, W., Cai, S., Zhang, J., & Lin, H. (2023) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.12.008 · Cited by 292
Reply to comment on ‘If it’s pinched it’s a memristor’
Chua, L. (2014) · Handbook of Memristor Networks · doi:10.1088/1361-6641/ab366b · Cited by 244
Self-citationYu, F., Kong, X., Yao, W., Zhang, J., Cai, S., Lin, H., & Jin, J. (2024) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2023.114440 · Cited by 246
Periodicity, chaos, and multiple attractors in a memristor-based Shinriki's circuit.
Kengne, J., Tabekoueng, Z. N., Tamba, V. K., & Negou, A. N. (2015) · Chaos · doi:10.1063/1.4934653 · Cited by 212
Memristive Model for Synaptic Circuits
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Li, Y., & Friedman, E. G. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2016.2605069 · Cited by 199
“The HP memristor is described by [13], [16]”
MethodMemristor-Based Circuit Design for Multilayer Neural Networks
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., & Friedman, E. G. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2017.2729787 · Cited by 236
“The current controlled HP memristor is [5], [34]”
BackgroundA universal emulator for memristor, memcapacitor, and meminductor and its chaotic circuit.
Zhao, Q., Wang, C., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Chaos · doi:10.1063/1.5081076 · Cited by 187
Emerging Memristor-Based Logic Circuit Design Approaches: A Review
Vourkas, I., & Sirakoulis, G. C. (2016) · IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcas.2016.2583673 · Cited by 225
“[21] presented that the potassium ion-channels and the sodium ion-channels, distributed over the entire length of the axons of our neurons, are indeed locally-active memristors that exhibit all the respective fingerprints [22].”
BackgroundBao, B., Qian, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M., Wang, J., & Yu, Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2017.00081 · Cited by 201
“The numerical simulations in Figure 2 demonstrate that the hyperbolic-type memristor emulator can behave three fingerprints for distinguishing memristors (Adhikari et al., 2013).”
BackgroundA discrete memristor model and its application in Hénon map
Peng, Y., Sun, K., & He, S. (2020) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109873 · Cited by 179
TiO 2 -based memristors and ReRAM: materials, mechanisms and models (a review)
Gale, E. (2014) · Semiconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0268-1242/29/10/104004 · Cited by 185
“The focus shifted in [127] where the frequency dependence (which is mentioned in the 1971 paper [28]) is elevated to being two of the three identifying ‘fingerprints’ for experimentalists to search”
BackgroundZhang, S., Zheng, J., Wang, X.-P., Zeng, Z.-G., & He, S. (2020) · Nonlinear dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-020-06072-w · Cited by 166
Three-Dimensional Memristive Hindmarsh-Rose Neuron Model with Hidden Coexisting Asymmetric Behaviors
Bao, B., Hu, A., Bao, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M., & Wu, H.-G. (2018) · Complex · doi:10.1155/2018/3872573 · Cited by 163
“The numerical results in Figure 1 indicate that the memristor modeled by (4) can behave three fingerprints for distinguishing memristors [38].”
BackgroundNjitacke, Z. T., Kengne, J., Fotsin, H. B., Negou, A. N., & Tchiotsop, D. (2016) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2016.05.011 · Cited by 157
Pham, V., Volos, C., Vaidyanathan, S., Le, T. P., & Vu, V. (2015) · Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review · doi:10.25103/jestr.082.26 · Cited by 156
A Floating Memristor Emulator Based Relaxation Oscillator
Yu, D., Iu, H., Fitch, A., & Liang, Y. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1: Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2333687 · Cited by 156
Neurons are Poised Near the Edge of Chaos
Chua, L., Sbitnev, V. I., & Kim, H. (2012) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1142/s0218127412500988 · Cited by 148
Self-citationGenerating Grid Multi-Scroll Attractors in Memristive Neural Networks
Lai, Q., Wan, Z., & Kuate, P. D. K. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1: Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3228566 · Cited by 147
“the increase of frequency makes the hysteresis sidelobe area decrease, which are consistent with the typical characteristics of memristor [27].”
ResultLai, Q., Wan, Z., Zhang, H., & Chen, G. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3146570 · Cited by 146
“These demonstrate that the proposed memristor model is effective [27].”
BackgroundA Review of Chaotic Systems Based on Memristive Hopfield Neural Networks
Lin, H.-R., Wang, C., Yu, F., Sun, J., Du, S.-C., Deng, Z.-K., & Deng, Q.-L. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11061369 · Cited by 135
A 860 kHz grounded memristor emulator circuit
Sánchez-López, C., & Aguila-Cuapio, L. E. (2017) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2016.12.015 · Cited by 129
Gül, F. (2019) · Results in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2018.12.092 · Cited by 127
A locally active discrete memristor model and its application in a hyperchaotic map
Ma, M., Yang, Y., Qiu, Z., Peng, Y., Sun, Y.-C., Li, Z., & Wang, M.-J. (2021) · Nonlinear dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-021-07132-5 · Cited by 126
“After the above analysis, the proposed locally active discrete memristor model conforms the definition of generalized memristor [27].”
MethodA higher dimensional chaotic map with discrete memristor
Peng, Y., He, S., & Sun, K. (2020) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153539 · Cited by 123
A simple locally active memristor and its application in HR neurons.
Tan, Y., & Wang, C. (2020) · Chaos · doi:10.1063/1.5143071 · Cited by 121
Bao, H., Liu, W., & Chen, M. (2019) · Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-019-04890-1 · Cited by 125
Peng, G.-Y., & Min, F.-H. (2017) · Nonlinear dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-017-3752-2 · Cited by 119
“It can be seen that the cubic nonlinear memristive model complies with the three essential characteristics of memristive elements [28], which fully proves the validity of this memristor.”
BackgroundA novel memristive time–delay chaotic system without equilibrium points
Pham, V., Vaidyanathan, S., Volos, C., Jafari, S., Kuznetsov, N., & Hoang, T. (2016) · The European Physical Journal Special Topics · doi:10.1140/epjst/e2016-02625-8 · Cited by 117
Wang, C., Liu, X., & Xia, H. (2017) · Chaos · doi:10.1063/1.4979039 · Cited by 116
Yu, F., Kong, X., Mokbel, A. A. M., Yao, W., & Cai, S. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II - Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3218468 · Cited by 115
“The three fingerprints of the memristor can be used to quickly determine whether the model has memristor characteristics [11].”
MethodGeneralized Memristor Consisting of Diode Bridge with First Order Parallel RC Filter
Bao, B., Yu, J.-J., Hu, F.-W., & Liu, Z. (2014) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1142/s0218127414501430 · Cited by 115
A Memristive Synapse Control Method to Generate Diversified Multistructure Chaotic Attractors
Lin, H.-R., Wang, C., Xu, C., Zhang, X., & Iu, H. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3186516 · Cited by 114
“According to the memristor theorem [37], the memristor has some unique frequency characteristics in its pinched hysteresis”
Lin, H., Wang, C., Yu, F., Hong, Q., Xu, C., & Sun, Y. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3287760 · Cited by 147
“Numerous MHNN models based on these strategies have been proposed over the past ten years.”
Neuromorphic Computing with Memristor Crossbar
Zhang, X., Huang, A., Hu, Q., Xiao, Z., & Chu, P. K.-H. (2018) · physica status solidi (a) · doi:10.1002/pssa.201700875 · Cited by 126
General memristor with applications in multilayer neural networks
Wen, S.-P., Xie, X., Yan, Z., Huang, T.-W., & Zeng, Z.-G. (2018) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2018.03.015 · Cited by 103
Single DVCCTA based high frequency incremental/decremental memristor emulator and its application
Ranjan, R., Raj, N., Bhuwal, N., & Khateb, F. (2017) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2017.07.039 · Cited by 103
Wang, Z., Ding, S., Huang, Z., & Zhang, H. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2015.2485259 · Cited by 102
The fabrication and MOSFET-only circuit implementation of semiconductor memristor
Babacan, Y., Yesil, A., & Gul, F. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · doi:10.1109/ted.2018.2808530 · Cited by 98
“The existence of pinched hysteresis loops at the first and third quadrant of the I–V plane is the first fingerprint of semiconductor memristors [39].”
BackgroundA Generic Model of Memristors With Parasitic Components
Sah, M. P., Yang, C., Kim, H., Muthuswamy, B., Jevtic, J., & Chua, L. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2373674 · Cited by 98
“The shape of the pinched hysteresis loop varies with frequency and shrinks to a single-valued function through the origin, as the frequency tends to infinity [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationModeling of discrete fracmemristor and its application
He, S., Sun, K., Peng, Y., & Wang, L. (2020) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/1.5134981 · Cited by 109
What are Memristor, Memcapacitor, and Meminductor?
Yin, Z., Tian, H., Chen, G.-H., & Chua, L. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II - Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2014.2387653 · Cited by 94
Self-citationChaos in the discrete memristor-based system with fractional-order difference
Peng, Y., He, S.-B., & Sun, K. (2021) · Results in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104106 · Cited by 93
A Universal Mutator for Transformations Among Memristor, Memcapacitor, and Meminductor
Yu, D., Liang, Y., Iu, H. H., & Chua, L. O. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2014.2345305 · Cited by 96
“Basic features such as the frequency dependence of the pinched hysteretic loop are experimentally discussed in this section [33].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFloating incremental/decremental flux-controlled memristor emulator circuit based on single VDTA
Petrović, P. (2018) · Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing · doi:10.1007/s10470-018-1177-6 · Cited by 89
The Art of Finding Accurate Memristor Model Solutions
Ascoli, A., Tetzlaff, R., Biolek, Z., Kolka, Z., Biolková, V., & Biolek, D. (2015) · IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/jetcas.2015.2426493 · Cited by 89
“However, the number of publications on the topic of memristors has been increasing exponentially only in the last six years, with both academia and industry devoting a considerable amount of financial resources to fabricate novel devices [5]–[7]with memristive fingerprints [8], [9], to develop reliable mathematical mo…”
BackgroundA new universal mutator circuit for memcapacitor and meminductor elements
Taşkıran, Z. G. Ç., Sağbaş, M., Ayten, U. E., & Sedef, H. (2020) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153180 · Cited by 87
Abro, K. A., & Atangana, A. (2020) · Mathematical methods in the applied sciences · doi:10.1002/mma.6378 · Cited by 86
“Adhikari et al. [5] exhibited role of memristors on the basis of three conditions as (i) pinched hysteresis loop when frequency tends to infinity, (ii) critical frequency decreases monotonically when excitation frequency increases and (iii) bipolar periodic signal in the voltage-current is assumed to be periodic.”
BackgroundFlux-Controlled Memristor Emulator and Its Experimental Results
Raj, N., Ranjan, R., & Khateb, F. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (vlsi) Systems · doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2966292 · Cited by 85
“An ideal memristor should exhibit three characteristic fingerprints [4]: 1) the pinched hysteresis loop in the current– voltage plane when driven by a bipolar periodic signal; 2) the lobe area of the hysteresis loop should decrease monotonically when the excitation frequency increases and vice versa; and 3) the pinche…”
BackgroundA Simple Floating MOS-Memristor for High-Frequency Applications
Vista, J., & Ranjan, A. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (vlsi) Systems · doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2890591 · Cited by 85
Finding hidden attractors in improved memristor-based Chua''s circuit
Chen, M., Yu, J.-J., & Bao, B. (2015) · doi:10.1049/el.2014.4341 · Cited by 80
Coexisting bifurcations in a memristive hyperchaotic oscillator
Fonzin, T. F., Srinivasan, K., Kengne, J., & Pelap, F. B. (2018) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2018.03.035 · Cited by 79
Bipolar resistive switching and conduction mechanism of an Al/ZnO/Al-based memristor
Gul, F., & Efeoglu, H. (2017) · Superlattices and Microstructures · doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2016.11.043 · Cited by 77
Deng, Q., Wang, C., Sun, Y., Deng, Z., & Yang, G. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3439869 · Cited by 96
“These observations confirm the effectiveness of proposed memristor model [30].”
Xu, Q., Song, Z., Bao, H., Chen, M., & Bao, B. (2018) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2018.09.017 · Cited by 81
“The simulated results explain that the simplified memristor emulator can meet the three fingerprints of memristor [31].”
BackgroundA Locally Active Memristor and Its Application in a Chaotic Circuit
Jin, P.-P., Wang, G., Iu, H., & Fernando, T. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II - Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2017.2735448 · Cited by 74
“Moreover, the pinched hysteresis loop should shrink to a single-valued function when the frequency tends to infinity [17].”
BackgroundA new simple chaotic circuit based on memristor and meminductor
Liu, X.-C., Mou, J., Wang, J.-Y., Liu, J., & Cao, Y.-H. (2016) · The European Physical Journal Plus · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02182-5 · Cited by 74
“The pinched hysteresis loop shrinks as the frequency of excitation signal is increased (the pinched hysteresis loop shrinks to a single-valued function when the frequency of the excitation signal is increased high enough) [Adhikari et al., 2013].”
BackgroundGul, F. (2018) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.198 · Cited by 72
Gul, F., & Efeoglu, H. (2017) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.090 · Cited by 71
“The pinched hysteresis I-V loop as shown in Figure 3 is the first characteristic fingerprint of the memristor [8].”
BackgroundMa, M., Lu, Y., Li, Z., Sun, Y., & Wang, C. (2023) · Fractal and Fractional · doi:10.3390/fractalfract7010082 · Cited by 86
“Thus, the LADM meets the definition of a memristor [64]. memristor [64].”
BackgroundA discrete memristive neural network and its application for character recognition
He, S., Liu, J., Wang, H., & Sun, K. (2022) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2022.12.014 · Cited by 82
Discrete Memristor and Discrete Memristive Systems
He, S.-B., Zhan, D.-L., Wang, H.-H., Sun, K., & Peng, Y. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24060786 · Cited by 69
“It should be noted that the concept of the generalized memristor and the three fingerprint characteristics [3] of memristors have been reported, which provides a guide for the design of memristors.”
BackgroundVolkov, A. G., Tuckett, C., Reedus, J., Volkova, M. I., Markin, V. S., & Chua, L. O. (2014) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/psb.28152 · Cited by 68
Self-citationAn associative memory circuit based on physical memristors
Guo, M., Zhu, Y., Liu, R.-Y., Zhao, K.-X., & Dou, G. (2021) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2021.11.034 · Cited by 68
Tarabella, G., D'Angelo, P., Cifarelli, A., Dimonte, A., Romeo, A., Berzina, T., Erokhin, V., & Iannotta, S. (2015) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c4sc03425b · Cited by 67
Chua Corsage Memristor Oscillator via Hopf Bifurcation
Mannan, Z. I., Choi, H., & Kim, H. (2016) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos · doi:10.1142/s0218127416300093 · Cited by 87
“Figure 2(b) illustrates the frequency-dependent pinched loop where the lobe area shrivels as the frequency increases and tends to a straight line at ω = 10 rad/s, respectively [Adhikari et al., 2013; Chua, 2014].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHu, X.-Y., & Liu, C. (2019) · Nonlinear dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-019-05100-8 · Cited by 65
A New Floating Memristance Simulator Circuit Based on Second Generation Current Conveyor
Cam, Z. G., & Sedef, H. (2017) · J. Circuits Syst. Comput. · doi:10.1142/s0218126617500293 · Cited by 65
“in ̄nite frequency should be satis ̄ed.(21) Both decreasing and increasing type behavior is preferred.”
BackgroundXu, Q., Cheng, S., Ju, Z., Chen, M., & Wu, H. (2020) · Chinese Journal of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cjph.2020.11.007 · Cited by 68
Electronically tunable memristor based on VDCC
Yesil, A., Babacan, Y., & Kaçar, F. (2019) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2019.05.038 · Cited by 64
A 6D Fractional-Order Memristive Hopfield Neural Network and its Application in Image Encryption
Yu, F., Kong, X., Chen, H., Yu, Q., Cai, S., Huang, Y., & Du, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.847385 · Cited by 66
“It was indicated that if an electrical element is a memristor, it must satisfy two conditions in literature [67]: (1) When driven by a periodic voltage or current source, the device must exhibit PHL in the voltage-current plane and the PHL always passes through the origin.”
BackgroundPu, Y., Xiao, Y., & Bo, Y. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2018.2789907 · Cited by 73
“A broader definition of the memristor was argued that it could cover all forms of two-terminal non-volatile memory devices based on resistance switching effects [4]–[8], [11].”
BackgroundInfluentialA Novel Design for Memristor-Based Logic Switch and Crossbar Circuits
Zhang, Y., Shen, Y., Wang, X., & Cao, L. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2015.2407436 · Cited by 64
A 3D memristive chaotic system with conditional symmetry
Wang, R., Li, C.-B., Kong, S.-X., Jiang, Y.-C., & Lei, T.-F. (2022) · Chaos, Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2022.111992 · Cited by 60
Fracmemristor: Fractional-Order Memristor
Pu, Y., & Xiao, Y. (2016) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2016.2557818 · Cited by 69
“The slope of this function is called the memristance, R [q(t)], and is similar to variable resistance [1]–[8].”
BackgroundInfluentialHigh-frequency floating memristor emulator and its experimental results
Ranjan, R., Sagar, S., Roushan, S., Kumari, B., Rani, N., & Khateb, F. (2019) · IET Circuits Devices Syst. · doi:10.1049/iet-cds.2018.5191 · Cited by 57
“In [3], the basic characteristics of a circuit to mimic like a memristor are explained.”
BackgroundMemristive Imitation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity
Mannan, Z. I., Adhikari, S. P., Yang, C., Budhathoki, R. K., Kim, H., & Chua, L. O. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2892385 · Cited by 72
“We verified the fingerprints [46] of the implemented memristor emulator (M) by plotting the frequency-dependent pinched hysteresis loops, as shown in Fig.”
MethodSelf-citationPeng, Y., Lan, Z., Sun, K., & Xu, W. (2023) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109543 · Cited by 67
A Memristive Hyperchaotic System without Equilibrium
Pham, V., Volos, C., & Gambuzza, L. V. (2014) · TheScientificWorldJournal · doi:10.1155/2014/368986 · Cited by 56
“Thus, according to [30, 31] the three main fingerprints of memristive system have been observed in the proposed memristive device (2).”
BackgroundTemperature effect on memristive ion channels
Xu, Y., Ma, J., Zhan, X., Yang, L.-J., & Jia, Y. (2019) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-019-09547-8 · Cited by 55
Fouda, M. E., Elwakil, A., & Radwan, A. G. (2015) · Microelectronics Journal · doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2015.06.019 · Cited by 55
A simple test for ideal memristors
Pershin, Y. V., & Di Ventra, M. (2019) · Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aae680 · Cited by 54
“(1) that the corresponding I-V curves are pinched hysteresis loops, and this has been claimed to serve as the fingerprint of ideal memristors [7, 8] (see the ideal memristor curve in Fig.”
BackgroundMicrotubules as Sub-Cellular Memristors
Tuszyński, J. A., Friesen, D. E., Freedman, H., Sbitnev, V. I., Kim, H., Santelices, I. B., Kalra, A. P., Patel, S., Shankar, K., & Chua, L. O. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58820-y · Cited by 63
Self-citationSrivastava, P., Gupta, R. K., Sharma, R. K., & Ranjan, R. (2020) · Circuits, systems, and signal processing · doi:10.1007/s00034-020-01421-x · Cited by 52
Doubla, I. S., Ramakrishnan, B., Njitacke, Z. T., Kengne, J., & Rajagopal, K. (2021) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2021.154059 · Cited by 50
Baluška, F., Gagliano, M., & Witzany, G. (2018) · Signaling and Communication in Plants · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0 · Cited by 49
A Flux-Controlled Logarithmic Memristor Model and Emulator
Xie, X., Zou, L., Wen, S.-P., Zeng, Z.-G., & Huang, T.-W. (2018) · Circuits, systems, and signal processing · doi:10.1007/s00034-018-0926-1 · Cited by 47
Dynamic Analysis of a Bistable Bi-Local Active Memristor and Its Associated Oscillator System
Chang, H., Wang, Z., Li, Y.-X., & Chen, G. (2018) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1142/s0218127418501055 · Cited by 45
“Coexisting pinched hysteresis loops driven by a bipolar periodic signal As a unique characteristic fingerprint of a memristor, “a pinched hysteresis loop passing through the origin [Adhikari et al., 2013]” must appear in the current–voltage coordinate plane, driven by a zeromean periodic signal.”
BackgroundMethodMemristors in the electrical network ofAloe veraL.
Volkov, A. G., Reedus, J., Mitchell, C. M., Tuckett, C., Forde-Tuckett, V., Volkova, M. I., Markin, V. S., & Chua, L. O. (2014) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/psb.29056 · Cited by 41
Self-citationResistorless Memristor Emulator Using CFTA and Its Experimental Verification
Prasad, S. S., Kumar, P., & Ranjan, R. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3075341 · Cited by 45
“Memristors are characterized by three basic fingerprint properties [7], as there should be a pinched hysteresis loop in the V-I planewhen excited by periodic bipolar signal, the loop area is inversely proportional to the applied signal frequency, and it starts to act like a linear resistor as the applied frequency app…”
BackgroundA novel memristive synapse-coupled ring neural network with countless attractors and its application
Zhang, S., Li, Y., Lu, D., & Li, C. (2024) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115056 · Cited by 54
A class of versatile circuits, made up of standard electrical components, are memristors
Ascoli, A., Corinto, F., & Tetzlaff, R. (2016) · International journal of circuit theory and applications · doi:10.1002/cta.2067 · Cited by 44
“This is one of the fingerprints of memristive behavior [37].”
BackgroundDynamics and chimera state in a neural network with discrete memristor coupling
Shang, C., He, S.-B., Rajagopal, K., Wang, H.-H., & Sun, K. (2022) · The European Physical Journal Special Topics · doi:10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00699-z · Cited by 43
“It shows that the model has three fingerprint characteristics that a memristor should meet [36]: (1) the memristor should exhibit a “pinched hysteresis loop” in the voltage–current plane; (2) the lobe area of “pinched hysteresis loop” should increase monotonically as the frequency ω decreases; (3) when the frequency ω…”
BackgroundMem-Elements Emulator Design With Experimental Validation and Its Application
Raj, N., Ranjan, R., Khateb, F., & Kumngern, M. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078189 · Cited by 43
“Memristor possesses three main characteristics [6], which can be stated as (a) pinched hysteresis loop in the current-voltage plane (b) an inverse relationship between the hysteresis curve area and frequency (c) memristor behaves like a linear resistor at”
BackgroundLi, C., Min, F., & Li, C. (2018) · Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-018-4524-3 · Cited by 53
Metadata
- Authors
- Adhikari, S. P., Sah, M. P., Kim, H., & Chua, L. O.
- Affiliations
- Jeonbuk National University (KR)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3008-3021
- ISSN
- 1549-8328 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0806
- OpenAlex
- W2084914578
- Cited by
- 659
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 21.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Chaos control and synchronization
- Keywords
- memristors, pinched hysteresis loop, hysteresis loop area, frequency dependence, current-voltage characteristics
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