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Optimal Charging Strategies for Unidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid
Abstract
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has been proposed as a way to increase the adoption rate of electric vehicles (EVs). Unidirectional V2G is especially attractive because it requires little if any additional infrastructure other than communication between the EV and an aggregator. The aggregator in turn combines the capacity of many EVs to bid into energy markets. In this work an algorithm for unidirectional regulation is developed for use by an aggregator. Several smart charging algorithms are used to set the point about which the rate of charge varies while performing regulation. An aggregator profit maximization algorithm is formulated with optional system load and price constraints analogous to the smart charging algorithms. Simulations on a hypothetical group of 10 000 commuter EVs in the Pacific Northwest verify that the optimal algorithms increase aggregator profits while reducing system load impacts and customer costs.
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“Most utility goals may be met by unidirectional chargers while avoiding performance, cost, and safety issues [41,42].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sortomme, E., & El-Sharkawi, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 131-138
- ISSN
- 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3061
- OpenAlex
- W2161666560
- Cited by
- 782
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 31.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Power System Optimization
- Keywords
- vehicle-to-grid, electric vehicles, smart charging, energy regulation, load shaping, price constraints, customer cost
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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