Cited by 3,137Microgrid Control and OptimizationFrequency Control in Power SystemsSmart Grid Energy Management

Trends in Microgrid Control

Open access
Olivares, Daniel E., Mehrizi-Sani, Ali, Etemadi, Amir H., Canizares, Claudio A., Iravani, Reza, Kazerani, Mehrdad, Hajimiragha, Amir H., Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol +4 more·2014·IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

Abstract

The increasing interest in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents major challenges from the viewpoints of reliable operation and control. In this paper, the major issues and challenges in microgrid control are discussed, and a review of state-of-the-art control strategies and trends is presented; a general overview of the main control principles (e.g., droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems) is also included. The paper classifies microgrid control strategies into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, where primary and secondary levels are associated with the operation of the microgrid itself, and tertiary level pertains to the coordinated operation of the microgrid and the host grid. Each control level is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/tsg.2013.2295514

Cites

111 of 111 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • With effective control, batteries can alleviate voltage variations by storing excess energy when generation exceeds load and utilizing stored energy to reduce peak load.

    “With effective control, batteries can alleviate voltage variations by storing excess energy when generation exceeds load and utilizing stored energy to reduce peak load [50].”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Olivares, D. E., Mehrizi-Sani, A., Etemadi, A. H., Canizares, C. A., Iravani, R., Kazerani, M., Hajimiragha, A. H., Gomis-Bellmunt, O., Saeedifard, M., Palma-Behnke, R., Jimenez-Estevez, G. A., & Hatziargyriou, N. D.
Affiliations
  • University of Waterloo (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • General Electric (Canada) (CA)
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • Center for Mathematical Modeling (CL)
  • National Technical University of Athens (GR)
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Published
2014-07
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
1905-1919
ISSN
  • 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
  • 1949-3061
OpenAlex
W2001965107
Cited by
3,137
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 177 · 2025: 215 · 2024: 216 · 2023: 270 · 2022: 283 · 2021: 350 · 2020: 358 · 2019: 363 · 2018: 307 · 2017: 293 · 2016: 196 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
221.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Frequency Control in Power Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
Keywords
microgrid control, droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems, primary control, secondary control, tertiary control, renewable energy integration, distributed generation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review