Ramping up the signal: promoting endurance training adaptation in skeletal muscle by nutritional manipulation
Abstract
Summary: Mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle results from the cumulative effect of transient increases in m RNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins in response to repeated exercise sessions. This process requires the coordinated expression of both nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) DNA genomes and is regulated, for the most part, by the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α. Several other exercise‐inducible proteins also play important roles in promoting an endurance phenotype, including AMP‐activated protein kinase, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and tumour suppressor protein p53. Commencing endurance‐based exercise with low muscle glycogen availability results in greater activation of many of these signalling proteins compared with when the same exercise is undertaken with normal glycogen concentration, suggesting that nutrient availability is a potent signal that can modulate the acute cellular responses to a single bout of exercise. When exercise sessions are repeated in the face of low glycogen availability (i.e. chronic training), the phenotypic adaptations resulting from such interventions are also augmented.
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Lowering carbohydrate availability can promote specific adaptations in the muscle.
“There is also evidence that lowering carbohydrate availability can promote specific adaptations in the muscle.”
From Periodized Nutrition for Athletes (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
Reduced carbohydrate availability has a potent effect in modulating acute exercise-induced increases in cell signalling and gene expression responses that regulate endurance training adaptations.
“accumulating data have now demonstrated a potent effect of reduced carbohydrate availability in modulating those acute exercise-induced increase in cell signalling and gene expression responses that regulate endurance training adaptations [57,58]”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [57]
Adaptive responses to training or recovery are enhanced in an environment of low exogenous and endogenous CHO stores.
“recent research has provided new insight into the interactions of exercise with “low CHO availability”, whereby the adaptive responses to training or recovery are enhanced in an environment of low exogenous and endogenous CHO stores [3].”
From Periodization of carbohydrate intake: short-term effect on performance (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Hawley, J. A., & Morton, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hawley, John A
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 608-613
- ISSN
- 0305-1870 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1681
- OpenAlex
- W2064013209
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- endurance training adaptation, skeletal muscle, mitochondrial biogenesis, dietary intervention, PGC-1α, AMPK, p38 MAPK, p53, exercise-induced gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Glycogen, Humans, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Mitochondrial Turnover
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