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Cited by 1,299Aesthetic Perception and AnalysisMemory Processes and InfluencesSocial and Intergroup Psychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal

Zajonc, R.B.·2001·Current Directions in Psychological Science
DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.00154
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Abstract

In the mere-repeated-exposure paradigm, an individual is repeatedly exposed to a particular stimulus object, and the researcher records the individual's emerging preference for that object. Vast literature on the mere-repeated-exposure effect shows it to be a robust phenomenon that cannot be explained by an appeal to recognition memory or perceptual fluency. The effect has been demonstrated across cultures, species, and diverse stimulus domains. It has been obtained even when the stimuli exposed are not accessible to the participants’ awareness, and even prenatally. The repeated-exposure paradigm can be regarded as a form of classical conditioning if we assume that the absence of aversive events constitutes the unconditioned stimulus. Empirical research shows that a benign experience of repetition can in and of itself enhance positive affect, and that such affect can become attached not only to stimuli that have been exposed but also to similar stimuli that have not been previously exposed, and to totally distinct stimuli as well. Implications for affect as a fundamental and independent process are discussed in the light of neuroanatomical evidence.

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Crossref · 10.1111/1467-8721.00154

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. LeDoux J., 1996, The emotional brain.
  2. 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.589 · DOI
  3. Zajonc R.B., 2000, Feeling and thinking: The role of affect in social cognition, 31

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Metadata

Authors
Zajonc, R. B.
Affiliations
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
Zajonc, R.B.
Venue
Current Directions in Psychological Science
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2001-12
Volume
10
Issue
6
Pages
224-228
ISSN
  • 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-8721
DOI
10.1111/1467-8721.00154
OpenAlex
W2143046471
Cited by
1,299
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 157 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 46
FWCI
5.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
mere exposure effect, subliminal perception, preference formation, classical conditioning, positive affect, emotional attachment, unconscious awareness, prenatal exposure, recognition memory, perceptual fluency

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