The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Contribution of Psychosocial Factors to Socioeconomic Differences in Health
Open accessAbstract
The National Survey of Mid‐life Developments in the United States (MIDUS) is one of several studies that demonstrate socioeconomic gradients in mortality during midlife. When MIDUS findings on self‐reported health, waist to hip ratio, and psychological well‐being were analyzed for their possible roles in generating socioeconomic differences in health, they revealed clear educational gradients for women and men (i.e., higher education predicted better health). Certain potential mediating variables, like household income, parents’ education, smoking behavior, and social relations, contributed to an explanation of the socioeconomic gradient. In addition, two census‐based measures, combined into an area poverty index, independently predicted ill health. The results suggest that a set of both early and current life circumstances cumulatively contribute toward explaining why people of lower soeioeconomic status have worse health and lower psychological well‐being.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Different models may also characterize different personality traits and outcome [32, 206–210].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [208]
In the citing paper
“Different models may also characterize different personality traits and outcome [32, 206–210].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [209]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847
Self-citationHealthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0381 · Cited by 8,163
Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study
Marmot, M. G., Stansfeld, S. A., Patel, C., North, F. M., Head, J. A., White, I. R., Brunner, E. J., Feeney, A., Marmot, M. G., & Smith, G. D. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93068-k · Cited by 3,571
Self-citationRothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (1998) · Cited by 2,096
The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being.
Lachman, M. E., & Weaver, S. L. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.3.763 · Cited by 1,674
McKeigue, P. M., Shah, B., & Marmot, M. G. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91164-p · Cited by 1,618
Self-citationPappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., & Fisher, G. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199307083290207 · Cited by 1,524
INEQUALITIES IN DEATH—SPECIFIC EXPLANATIONS OF A GENERAL PATTERN?
Marmot, M. G., Shipley, M. J., & Rose, G. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92337-7 · Cited by 1,461
Self-citationWilkinson, R. G. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203421680 · Cited by 1,446
Marmot, M., Bosma, H., Hemingway, H., Brunner, E., & Stansfeld, S. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)04244-x · Cited by 1,291
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Erikson, R., and J.H. Goldthorpe. 1992. The Constant Flux. Oxford: Clarendon.
- Kawachi, I., and B.P. Kennedy. 1997. Health and Social Cohesion: Why Care about Income Inequality? British Medical Journal 314:1037- 40.
- Ryff, C.D., and B.H. Singer. 1998. Middle Age and Well-Being. In Encyclopedia of Mental Health, ed. H.S. Friedman, 707-19. San Di- ego, Calif.: Academic Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Know thyself and become what you are: a eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 · Cited by 3,149
Self-citation“Weathering” and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States
Geronimus, A. T., Hicken, M., Keene, D., & Bound, J. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.060749 · Cited by 2,525
The measurement of effort–reward imbalance at work: European comparisons
Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Godin, I., Marmot, M. G., Niedhammer, I., & Peter, R. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00351-4 · Cited by 2,418
Self-citationGallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10 · Cited by 1,366
Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Stress: Does Stress Account for SES Effects on Health?
Baum, A., Garofalo, J., & Yali, A. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08111.x · Cited by 887
Metadata
- Authors
- Marmot, M. G., Fuhrer, R., Ettner, S. L., Marks, N. F., Bumpass, L. L., & Ryff, C. D.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- The Milbank Quarterly
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 403-448
- ISSN
- 0887-378X (ISSN-L)
- 1468-0009
- PMC
- PMC2751083
- OpenAlex
- W2101210178
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 28.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Milbank Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University College London
- Medical Research Council (WC1E 6BT)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, health disparities, psychosocial factors, educational gradient, psychological well-being, self-reported health, waist-to-hip ratio, household income, parental education, smoking, interpersonal relationships, midlife, mortality gradient, MIDUS
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Health Status Indicators, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Obesity, Social Adjustment, Social Class, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
