Latent class analysis of ADHD and comorbid symptoms in a population sample of adolescent female twins
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a phenotypically heterogeneous and highly heritable syndrome. which commonly co-occurs with other psychiatry disorders. To assess the role of genetic influences in ADHD, we used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subtypes of ADHD taking into account its comorbidity with separation anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and three major depression symptoms. A structured interview was used to collect diagnostic data from a population sample of 2,904 adolescent female twins and their parents. LCA was applied to ADHD. separation anxiety. ODD symptom profiles obtained from the twins' parents, and major depression symptom profiles obtained from the twins' self-report. Odds ratios were used to test for familiality of class membership by examining the effect of zygosity on twin concordance within and between latent classes. Structural equation modeling was used to compute heritabilities for latent class membership. LCA revealed three ADHD categories of clinical interest: an inattentive subtype without comorbidity, a second inattentive subtype with increased number of ODD symptoms. and a combined inattentive/hyperactive-impulsive type with elevated levels of ODD, separation anxiety, and depressive symptoms. LCA also distinguished an ODD class and a separation anxiety class, each without increased levels of other comorbid symptoms; a second ODD class co-occurring with increased separation anxiety and depression symptoms; and…
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All subtypes of ADHD are associated with high rates of ODD and CD.
“all the subtypes of ADHD are associated with high rates of ODD and CD”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Neuman et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Neuman, R. J., Heath, A., Reich, W., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A. F., Sun, L., Todd, R. D., & Hudziak, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Vermont (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 933-942
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2155877943
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa012239-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA11998, AA12239, R01AA009022, AA 09022, AA10111, AA077728)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH052813, MH-52813, MH 31302)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-00272, K21DA000272)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD subtypes, comorbidities, separation anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder, major depressive symptoms, adolescent girls, twin concordance, heritability, genetic subtypes, inattentive subtype, hyperactive-impulsive subtype, zygosity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Separation, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Missouri, Twins, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Models, Statistical, Comorbidity, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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