The putative transcription factor CaRtg3 is involved in tolerance to cations and antifungal drugs as well as serum-induced filamentation in Candida albicans
Abstract
The activated retrograde (RTG) pathway controls transcription of target genes through a heterodimer of transcription factors, Rtg1 and Rtg3, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we have identified the sole homologous gene CaRTG3 that encodes a protein of 520 amino acids with characteristics of the basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/Zip) family in Candida albicans. Deletion of CaRTG3 results in C. albicans cells being sensitive to high concentrations of calcium and lithium cations as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate and activates the calcium/calcineurin signaling pathway in C. albicans cells. CaRTG3 is also involved in the tolerance of C. albicans cells to the antifungal drugs azoles and terbinafine, but not to the antifungal drugs casponfungin and amphotericin B as well as the cell-wall-damaging reagents Calcoflour White and Congo red. In contrast to ScRtg3, CaRtg3 is not involved in the osmolar response and is constitutively localized in the nucleus. However, deletion of CaRTG3 results in a delay in serum-induced filamentation of C. albicans cells. Therefore, CaRtg3 plays a role in tolerance to cations and antifungal drugs as well as serum-induced filamentation in C. albicans.
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Earlier work in respiratory competent C. albicans indicated that the Rtg pathway is involved in processes related to infectivity, filamentous growth and niche adaptation, crucial for the commensal/opportunistic pathogen lifestyle of this yeast species.
“Earlier work performed in respiratory competent C. albicans indicated that the Rtg pathway is involved in the processes related to infectivity, filamentous growth and niche adaptation, crucial for the commensal/opportunistic pathogen lifestyle of this yeast species (Pérez et al. 2013; Yan et al. 2014).”
From Mitochondrial retrograde control of transcription evolves with respiratory stress, metabolic adaptation, and virulence in budding yeasts (2026) · cites this paper as Yan et al. 2014
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- Authors
- Yan, H., Zhao, Y., & Jiang, L.
- Affiliations
- Jiangnan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Linghuo
- Venue
- FEMS Yeast Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-03-26
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 614-623
- ISSN
- 1567-1356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2152386601
- Semantic Scholar
- bf93df1b1094a21116f48ced3dddfaf6daf719a9
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEMS Yeast Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- retrograde pathway, Candida albicans, calcium tolerance, lithium tolerance, sodium dodecyl sulfate, antifungal drug tolerance, azoles, terbinafine, bHLH-Zip transcription factors, osmotic response
- MeSH terms
- Terbinafine, Antifungal Agents, Azoles, Calcium, Candida albicans, Cations, Drug Tolerance, Lithium, Naphthalenes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Transcription Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Gene Deletion, Hyphae, Serum
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