Adipose tissue senescence is mediated by increased ATP content after a short-term high-fat diet exposure
Open accessAbstract
In the context of obesity, senescent cells accumulate in white adipose tissue (WAT). The cellular underpinnings of WAT senescence leading to insulin resistance are not fully elucidated. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the presence of WAT senescence early after initiation of high-fat diet (HFD, 1-10 weeks) in 5-month-old male C57BL/6J mice and the potential role of energy metabolism. We first showed that WAT senescence occurred 2 weeks after HFD as evidenced in whole WAT by increased senescence-associated ß-galactosidase activity and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A and 2A expression. WAT senescence affected various WAT cell populations, including preadipocytes, adipose tissue progenitors, and immune cells, together with adipocytes. WAT senescence was associated with higher glycolytic and mitochondrial activity leading to enhanced ATP content in HFD-derived preadipocytes, as compared with chow diet-derived preadipocytes. One-month daily exercise, introduced 5 weeks after HFD, was an effective senostatic strategy, since it reversed WAT cellular senescence, while reducing glycolysis and production of ATP. Interestingly, the beneficial effect of exercise was independent of body weight and fat mass loss. We demonstrated that WAT cellular senescence is one of the earliest events occurring after HFD initiation and is intimately linked to the metabolic state of the cells. Our data uncover a critical role for HFD-induced elevated ATP as a local danger signal inducing WAT senescence. Exercise exerts beneficial effects on adipose tissue bioenergetics in obesity, reversing cellular senescence, and metabolic abnormalities.
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Exercise reduced p21 expression in inguinal adipose tissue as well as p16 and p21 expression in epididymal fat-derived preadipocytes.
“In addition, exercise reduced p21 expression in inguinal adipose tissue as well as p16 and p21 expression in epididymal fat–derived preadipocytes.”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
Exercise reduced the frequency of P16+/PDGFRα+ and P21+/PDGFRα+ cells in both fat depots, phosphorylated-γH2A.X expression in inguinal fat, P16 and P21 in Mac3+ macrophages and P16 in CD3+ lymphocytes in the inguinal fat, and P21 in Mac3+ macrophages in the epididymal fat.
“Using immunofluorescence detection methods, exercise has been shown to reduce the frequency of P16+/PDGFRα+ and P21+/PDGFRα+ cells in both fat depots, phosphorylated-γH2A.X expression in inguinal fat, P16 and P21 in Mac3+ macrophages and P16 in CD3+ lymphocytes in the inguinal fat, and P21 in Mac3+ macrophages in the epididymal fat (52).”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
A 4-wk swimming intervention introduced after 5 wk of HFD reduced SA-β-gal activity in both subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (epididymal) white adipose tissue in 5-month-old mice.
“Consistent with these findings, a 4-wk swimming intervention introduced after 5 wk of HFD reduced SA-β-gal activity in both subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (epididymal) white adipose tissue in 5-month-old mice (52).”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Pini, M., Czibik, G., Sawaki, D., Mezdari, Z., Braud, L., Delmont, T., Mercedes, R., Martel, C., Buron, N., Marcelin, G., Borgne‐Sanchez, A., Foresti, R., Motterlini, R., Henegar, C., & Derumeaux, G.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Department of Physiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC), AP‐HP Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (FR)
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
- Corresponding author
- Pini, Maria
- ORCID
- Venue
- Aging Cell
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-07-18
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e13421-e13421
- ISSN
- 1474-9718 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-9726
- PMC
- PMC8373332
- OpenAlex
- W3185844121
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Aging Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-15-RHUS-0003)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- high-fat diet, ATP levels, cellular senescence, preadipocytes, physical activity, glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, energy metabolism, insulin resistance, obesity, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, adipose tissue immune cells
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Male, Mice, Diet, High-Fat
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