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The International Trauma Questionnaire: development of a self‐report measure of ICD‐11 PTSD and complex PTSD
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to finalize the development of the International Trauma Questionnaire ( ITQ ), a self‐report diagnostic measure of post‐traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and complex PTSD ( CPTSD ), as defined in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD ‐11). Method: The optimal symptom indicators of PTSD and CPTSD were identified by applying item response theory ( IRT ) analysis to data from a trauma‐exposed community sample ( n = 1051) and a trauma‐exposed clinical sample ( n = 247) from the United Kingdom. The validity of the optimized 12‐item ITQ was assessed with confirmatory factor analyses. Diagnostic rates were estimated and compared to previous validation studies. Results: The latent structure of the 12‐item, optimized ITQ was consistent with prior findings, and diagnostic rates of PTSD and CPTSD were in line with previous estimates. Conclusion: The ITQ is a brief, simply worded measure of the core features of PTSD and CPTSD . It is consistent with the organizing principles of the ICD ‐11 to maximize clinical utility and international applicability through a focus on a limited but central set of symptoms. The measure is freely available and can be found in the body of this paper.
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“Empirically validated cPTSD interview guides have been developed, including the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) for adults [21] and children [66], and the Developmental Trauma Disorder Semi-structured Interview (DTD-SI) for children and adolescents [46, 174].”
From Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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“CPTSD was mainly assessed through self-report questionnaires, most commonly with the International Trauma Questionnaire (45).”
From Tracing the paths: a systematic review of mediators of complex trauma and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
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“Notably, only one study (Dokkedahl et al., 2021) measured CPTSD by using the International Trauma Questionnaire (Cloitre et al., 2018).”
From The Trauma and Mental Health Impacts of Coercive Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Cloitre et al., 2018
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“A self-report measure has now been validated 30 , translated into over 25 languages, and made available to the international community”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cloitre, M., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Maercker, A., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P.
- Affiliations
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA
- University of Ulster (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (GB)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- NHS Lothian (GB)
- National College of Ireland (IE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-09-03
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 536-546
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2892364332
- Cited by
- 1,314
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 236 · 2025: 267 · 2024: 208 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 81.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- International Trauma Questionnaire, post-traumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD, ICD-11, item response theory, factor structure, diagnostic rate, trauma exposure, brief screening instrument
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Trauma, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Reproducibility of Results, International Classification of Diseases, Young Adult, Self Report
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