Sustaining motivational interviewing: A meta-analysis of training studies
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Background and Aims: Previous research indicates that motivational interviewing ( MI ) skills decline over time among participants in training workshops when post‐workshop feedback and coaching are not provided. This study explored moderators of skill retention among trainees learning MI mainly for substance use disorder treatment in real‐world treatment settings, including workshop enhancements and type and dose of post‐workshop feedback and coaching. Methods: A meta‐analysis of training studies was conducted with studies that reported MI skills using observational measures and that included trainees from real‐world agency settings. Standardized change scores were calculated to indicate the magnitude of pre–post training change in MI skills; standardized change scores from post‐training to 3 and 6+ months follow‐up were calculated to indicate the sustainability of training gains over time. Effect sizes were aggregated using random effects models. Results: Twenty‐one papers that reported the effects of MI training on agency staff were included in this review. Across studies, training yielded gains in MI skills ( d = 0.76). Studies that did not include feedback and/or coaching reported eroding skills over a 6‐month follow‐up ( d = −0.30), whereas post‐workshop feedback/coaching sustained skills ( d = 0.03). Effects of post‐workshop feedback/coaching were moderated by frequency, duration and length of training. Moreover, studies reporting low levels of attrition from training protocols showed small increases in skills over the 6‐month follow‐up period ( d = 0.12), whereas studies with high attrition showed skill erosion ( d = −0.29). Conclusions: On average, three to four feedback/coaching sessions over a 6‐month period sustain skills among trainees for motivational interviewing, mainly for substance use disorder treatment. However, high rates of attrition from feedback/coaching contributes to post‐workshop skill erosion.
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Studies of interventionists' fidelity to motivational interviewing interventions indicate that occasional supervision improves fidelity beyond initial training.
“In addition, studies of interventionists' fidelity to motivational interviewing interventions indicate that occasional supervision improves fidelity beyond initial training (Schwalbe et al., 2014)”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes and Mediation: Challenges and How to Address Them (2023) · cites this paper as Schwalbe et al., 2014
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“In other literature, patterns of heterogeneity among MI interventions have been reported [14, 28, 54], and different training settings and methods may impact both the quality and delivery of MI [15, 55, 56].”
BackgroundAdvancing Motivational Interviewing Training with Artificial Intelligence: ReadMI
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- Authors
- Schwalbe, C. S., Oh, H. Y., & Zweben, A.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schwalbe, Craig S.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-05-29
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1287-1294
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W1961463694
- Cited by
- 343
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- WT Grant Foundation (9936)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Keywords
- motivational interviewing, skill retention, training workshop, coaching, addiction treatment, training attrition, skill erosion
- MeSH terms
- Education, Humans, Inservice Training, Substance-Related Disorders, Motivational Interviewing
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