CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 65Gastrointestinal motility and disordersInfant Health and DevelopmentPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

Randomised clinical trial: Symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome are improved by a psycho-education group intervention

Open access
Labus, J., Gupta, A., Gill, H. K., Posserud, I., Mayer, M., Raeen, H., Bolus, R., Simren, M. +2 more·2013·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
DOI 10.1111/apt.12171PMC PMC3829380
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background Evidence supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural approaches in improving the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Duration, cost and resistance of many patients towards a psychological therapy have limited their acceptance. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention on IBS symptoms. Methods Sixty-nine IBS patients (72% female) were randomised to an intervention or a wait-list control group. The IBS class consisted of education on a biological mind body disease model emphasising self-efficacy and practical relaxation techniques. Results Patients in the intervention showed significant improvement on GI symptom severity, visceral sensitivity, depression and QoL postintervention and most of these gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up (Hedge's g = -0.46-0.77). Moderated mediation analyses indicated change in anxiety, visceral sensitivity, QoL and catastrophising due to the intervention had moderate mediation effects (Hedge's g = -0.38 to -0.60) on improvements in GI symptom severity for patients entering the trial with low to average QoL. Also, change in GI symptom severity due to the intervention had moderate mediation effects on improvements in QoL especially in patients with low to average levels of QoL at baseline. Moderated mediation analyses indicated mediation was less effective for patients entering the intervention with high QoL. Conclusions A brief psycho-educational group intervention is efficacious in changing cognitions and fears about the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome, and these changes are associated with clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms and quality of life. The intervention seems particularly tailored to patients with low to moderate quality of life baseline levels. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/apt.12171

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

13 of 44 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 1 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Research on short-term psycho-education programs that include cognitive therapy and stress management elements has yielded mixed outcomes.

    “Research on short-term education programs that include some elements of cognitive therapy and stress management (psycho-education) have yielded mixed outcomes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [26] source

      The Discussion (page unavailable) reports differing degrees of improvement across outcomes, but explicitly says that the available studies of IBS education “all ... point in the same direction” toward benefit. That contradicts the attributed conclusion that these programs yielded mixed outcomes. The paper does not separately assess a body of short-term psycho-education programs defined by cognitive-therapy and stress-management elements. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [27] source
    • cites [30] source
  • Premisecitation

    Psychological treatments including hypnotherapy, mindfulness, CBT, behavior therapy, patient education, and internet-based CBT have been shown to alleviate IBS-related symptoms.

    “psychological treatments such as hypnotherapy and mindfulness(19-22), patient focused cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)(23), behavior therapy (BT)(24, 25), patient education(26), and internet based CBT(27) have all shown effectiveness in alleviating IBS related symptoms.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 7 sources checked
    • cites [19]
    • cites [20] source
    • cites [21] source

      The Background reports positive results for hypnosis and decreased IBS symptom severity after mindfulness training in one small, uncontrolled pilot study. It also says there were no well-controlled clinical trials of mindfulness specifically for IBS; this paper describes a proposed trial, not an efficacy result from that trial. The other treatments in the citing sentence have separate citations and are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [22] source
    • cites [23] source
    • cites [24] source
    • cites [25] source
  • Premisecitation

    Little is known about which risk and protective factors matter for any particular therapy.

    “More importantly the specific risk and protective factors associated with any specific therapy remain poorly delineated in the literature(34).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
  • Premisecitation

    For IBS, drug treatments other than those for constipation or diarrhea are still unsatisfactory, since few trials demonstrate benefit over placebo.

    “Currently pharmacologic therapy of IBS beyond symptomatic treatment for constipation or diarrhea remains unsatisfactory, as few studies have demonstrated an effectiveness of available treatments over placebo effects(13-18).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 6 sources checked
    • cites [13] source
    • cites [14] source
    • cites [15] source
    • cites [16] source

      The Abstract and Summary describe modest gains over placebo, and the Antispasmodics section says high-quality efficacy studies are limited. But the paper also reports evidence of benefit for treatments beyond constipation and diarrhea, including antispasmodics for abdominal pain and psychotropic agents for overall symptoms and pain. It therefore supports the assessment that treatment remains limited, but not the broad implication that few studies show benefit over placebo. (LLM, conf=0.82)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [17] source

      The Methods section says the meta-analysis assesses probiotics for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and treating Clostridium difficile disease. Searches for IBS, pharmacologic treatment, and placebo comparisons found no passage addressing whether IBS drugs outperform placebo. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [18] source
  • Interpretationown data

    Like Morris et al. and Jarrett et al. CBT interventions, this study demonstrated improved self-management skills among IBS patients.

    “Similar to both Morris et al. (2010)(48) and Jarrett et al. (2009)(46) CBT based interventions, we were also able to demonstrate improved self-management skills among IBS patients.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [48] source

      The Methods (Treatment Phase; page unavailable) describe teaching IBS patients diet, relaxation, and cognitive-behavioral self-management strategies. The Results (Primary and Secondary Outcomes; page unavailable) report improved symptoms, quality of life, and cognitive beliefs, but do not establish that patients’ self-management skills improved. (LLM, conf=0.82)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [46] source
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 13
  • May combine two claims. 23

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Education-based interventions have been used in IBS management to increase knowledge, clarify misconceptions, teach self-management, and decrease symptom-related fears and anxiety.

    “Education- based interventions have also been used as part of IBS disease management in order to increase knowledge about IBS pathophysiology, clarify misconceptions regarding what IBS is and is not, teach simple self-management strategies in areas of diet and stress management, and decrease symptom related fears and anxiety(26, 30).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [26] source

      The Methods (IBS-school, page unavailable) describe teaching IBS mechanisms, correcting concerns about serious disease, and offering dietary, stress-management, and self-care advice. The Discussion reports increased perceived knowledge. The paper does not say the intervention aimed to decrease symptom-related fear or anxiety, or report that it did so. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [30] source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A critical comparison of psychological and educational treatments for IBS found evidence that cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, educational, and hypnotherapy-based treatments alleviated IBS symptoms, with no evidence of superiority of one over another.

    “For instance, a critical comparison of various psychological and educational treatments for IBS revealed evidence from clinical trials suggesting that cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, educational, and hypnotherapy based treatments worked in alleviating IBS symptoms, and there was no evidence of the superiority of one treatment over the other(26, 27, 30).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [26] source

      Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [27] source
    • cites [30] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    At baseline, both the intervention and control groups had clinical levels of anxiety but not depression according to HAD cutoffs.

    “As measured by the HAD, both the active treatment and the control groups displayed clinical levels of anxiety, but not depression based on the HAD cutoffs (39).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [39] source

      The fMRI data analysis (p. 4) and Region of interest analysis (p. 6) concern neural responses to fearful faces, not baseline clinical symptoms. Searches for HAD cutoffs and for anxiety and depression in active-treatment and control groups found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Visceral Sensitivity Index is a 15-item questionnaire with established psychometric properties.

    “The Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) is a psychometrically well-established 15-item questionnaire designed to measure aspects of fear, anxiety, and hypervigilance that accompany misappraisals of visceral sensations and comfort(36).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    The results are similar to those of other studies focused on patient education.

    “These results are similar to those seen in other studies that focused on patient education(26, 30).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [26] source
    • cites [30] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Several modifications to traditional CBT have been evaluated and shown that CBT-based interventions can be delivered in different, more cost-effective formats.

    “As a result of these limitations, several modifications to the traditional CBT format have been evaluated (e.g. patient administered, group based and Internet focused), and these studies have shown that CBT based interventions can be delivered in different, more cost effective formats(33, 46, 48).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [33] source
    • cites [46] source
    • cites [48] source

      The Discussion reports that the CBT-based self-management program was effective with either primarily telephone or entirely in-person delivery. But it says the telephone format was not designed to be cheaper in therapist time, and calls for further research on cost-effectiveness. This source supports an alternative delivery format, not a demonstrated more cost-effective one. (LLM, conf=0.90)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no significant baseline group differences on QoL, visceral sensitivity, or coping measures.

    “No significant group differences were observed at baseline for the QoL measures, VSI, or Coping Scale.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The intervention and wait-list groups did not differ significantly in sex distribution or age at baseline.

    “There were no significant differences between the intervention (psycho-education intervention, N=34) and the wait-list (control, N=35) group in the distribution of sex (77% vs. 69% females) or age (46.3 ± 13.0 vs. 47.3 ± 12.3 years).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The intervention and control groups did not differ significantly in predominant bowel habits or ethnicity at baseline.

    “There were no significant group differences regarding predominant bowel habits and ethnicity”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The psycho-education group tended to have higher educational levels than the control group at baseline (p = 0.08).

    “and the psycho-education group tended to have somewhat higher educational levels (p = 0.08).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Changes in VSI by the end of the intervention showed small to moderate mediation effects on GI symptom severity at 3-month follow-up, with larger effects for low baseline QoL (g = -.39).

    “Changes in VSI by end of the intervention showed small moderate effects for mediating the effects of the intervention on GI symptom severity at 3 month follow up with the larger effects observed for low baseline QoL scores (g=−.39).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Changes in catastrophizing after intervention showed a trend toward mediating the intervention effect on GI symptom severity at 3-month follow-up, with stronger mediation as baseline IBS-QoL decreased (g = -.27 to -.48).

    “Changes in catastrophizing post intervention demonstrated a trend for mediating the effects of the intervention on GI symptom severity at 3 month follow up. As baseline IBS-QoL decreased from high to low, the mediating effects of changing catastrophic cognitions at 3 month follow up increased (g=−.27 to −.48).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Block randomization was employed: consecutive patients were assigned to the active intervention until a group was full, then a consecutive group was assigned to the wait-list.

    “In order to fill classes of 8 subjects as quickly as possible, block randomization was used, e.g. consecutive subjects were assigned to the active intervention group until a complete group was obtained, and this was followed by assignment of a consecutive group of patients to the wait list group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Treatment outcomes appear correlated with number of sessions, with one-time sessions less effective than 8-10 sessions.

    “However, treatment outcomes appear to be correlated with number of sessions, with a onetime session(31, 32) being less effective as interventions with 8-10 sessions(31, 33).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [31] source
    • cites [32] source
    • cites [33] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Appropriate tests ruled out organic disease, and an experienced gastroenterologist made the clinical IBS diagnosis.

    “Organic disease was excluded with appropriate testing, and a clinical diagnosis of IBS was made by an experienced gastroenterologist.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The baseline outcome score was mean-centered and used as a covariate to adjust for pre-treatment group differences.

    “In addition, the outcome measure at baseline was mean centered and included as a covariate to statistically control for any pretreatment differences between the intervention groups that may influence outcome(44).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [44] source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Before enrollment, patients completed a daily symptom diary for two weeks to confirm a minimum level of symptom severity.

    “Patients prospectively filled out a daily symptom diary with 6 subscales relating to severity of GI symptoms, and frequency and consistency of stool, for two weeks before entering the study to ensure a minimal symptom severity rating.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    A priori power analysis indicated that 34 participants per group were needed to detect a moderate effect size of Cohen's d = .70 with 80% power at alpha = .05.

    “A priori power analysis based on a two sided independent t-test for the linear contrasts applied to test the main hypotheses indicated that at an alpha =.05, 34 cases per group were required to detect a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = .70) with adequate power (1-Beta = .80).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The intervention helped patients reduce depression symptoms and visceral anxiety.

    “In addition, the intervention helped patients to reduce symptoms of depression (g= −.50) and visceral anxiety (g=−.84).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The psycho-educational group intervention would benefit patients and clinicians by reducing treatment cost and unnecessary follow-up visits and by enhancing self-management and coping.

    “Like other recently proposed novel delivery methods of cognitive behavioral approaches, the psycho-educational group intervention would be beneficial to patients and clinicians, by reducing the cost of treatment, the amount of unnecessary follow up visits to clinicians, and enhance the patients ability to self-manage and cope with the symptoms of their condition.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The intervention gave patients tools to control symptoms and improve catastrophizing, both maintained at 3-month follow-up.

    “The intervention also gave patients tools to control their symptoms (g=.52)and improve catastrophizing (g=−.87) both of which were maintained at the 3-month follow up assessment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    All analyses controlled for baseline differences in clinical variables.

    “and all analyses were performed controlling for baseline differences in clinical variables.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    A brief CBT group psycho-educational model is an efficient, efficacious, and clinically useful treatment that can reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

    “The present study suggests that a brief CBT group psycho-educational model is an efficient, efficacious, and clinically useful treatment that can provide symptom reduction, and improvement in quality of life of patients.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Like Lackner et al. (2010), this study demonstrated reduced IBS symptoms and improved coping with a short 5-week group-based CBT and relaxation psycho-education intervention despite limited direct physician contact hours.

    “Similar to the Lackner et al (2010)(33) study we were also able to demonstrate reduced IBS symptoms and improved coping using a short 5 week group based CBT and relaxation psycho-education intervention, despite the fact that patients had limited number of direct contact hours with a physician.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [33] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Compared with wait-list controls, treated patients had significant reductions in IBS symptom severity and improvements in QoL, many maintained at 3 months.

    “Compared to a wait-list control, patients undergoing the treatment reported overall significant reduction in IBS symptom severity and significant improvement in health related quality of life (QoL), and many of the improvements were maintained at 3 months follow up.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Block randomization was used, which resulted in some baseline differences in symptom severity and anxiety between groups.

    “Due to the nature of organizing a group therapy class, block randomization was used to assign participants to the intervention and control groups in this study, resulting in some baseline differences in symptom severity and anxiety”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The between-group effect sizes on IBS-QoL were larger than those reported in other cognitive behavioral and mindfulness approaches, suggesting the findings are clinically meaningful.

    “The effect size differences between groups on IBS-QOL (hedge’s g=−.78 at post intervention, −.87 at three month follow up) are larger than the small (Cohen’s d=.20) to moderate (Cohen’s d=.57) effect sizes reported in other cognitive behavioral and mindfulness approaches, (27, 29, 51) and suggest that the observed findings are clinically meaningful.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [27] source
    • cites [29] source
    • cites [51] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The study demonstrates the feasibility of a cost-effective brief group psycho-educational therapy intervention whose cost equaled a one-hour gastroenterologist consultation.

    “This study demonstrates the feasibility of a cost-effective brief group psycho-educational therapy intervention that equaled the cost of one-hour consultation with a gastroenterologist.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The cost of the psycho-education group intervention equals the cost of a one-hour consultation with a gastroenterologist.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Patients attending the psycho-education classes improved on all key measures by the end of the intervention and had lower overall symptom severity than controls.

    “Patients attending the psycho-education classes improved on all key measures by the end of the intervention, and demonstrated lower overall symptom severity ratings than those in the control group.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Because the results came from a relatively small sample, they need replication in a larger randomized controlled trial before a final conclusion about efficacy can be made.

    “As the results were obtained in a relatively small sample of patients, our findings need replication in a larger randomized controlled trial before a final conclusion can be made regarding the efficacy of this form of intervention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Improvements in IBS-QoL by the end of intervention mediated improvements in GI symptom severity at 3-month follow-up for patients with low to moderate baseline IBS-QoL, suggesting an alternative intervention may be more helpful for those with higher baseline QoL.

    “Similarly, improvements in IBS-QoL by the end of the intervention mediated improvements in overall GI symptom severity at 3 month follow up in individuals with low to moderate baseline values of IBS QoL, suggesting that an alternative intervention may be more helpful for individuals with higher QoL baseline levels.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
31 of 31

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The wait-list control condition adequately controls for non-specific effects of the intervention, so that observed improvements can be attributed to the psycho-educational intervention.

    “Subjects were randomized to receive either the active intervention (n=34) or assigned to a wait-listed control group (n=35).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The mediation models' assumptions (no unmeasured confounding, correct temporal ordering, no reverse causality) hold, so that the estimated mediation effects reflect causal pathways.

    “Simultaneous regression analysis was applied to test prospective (time-lagged) mediation models to identify potential mechanisms underlying the class intervention effects (45).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Group psycho-educational interventions are not commonly available for IBS patients.

    “although group psycho-educational interventions appear to be a helpful adjunct to standard medical care they are not commonly available for IBS patients.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The limited availability of group psycho-educational interventions for IBS is due to lack of trained clinicians, added cost, inadequate reimbursement, and a bias towards pharmacotherapy.

    “This is likely a result of several factors including lack of availability of appropriately trained clinicians, added cost and inadequate reimbursement for psychosocial interventions, and”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The cost of the psycho-education group intervention equals the cost of a one-hour consultation with a gastroenterologist.

    “This study demonstrates the feasibility of a cost-effective brief group psycho-educational therapy intervention that equaled the cost of one-hour consultation with a gastroenterologist.”
5 of 5

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • QoL effect size at follow-up differs between Results and Discussion

    Minor

    The Results section reports the 3-month QoL effect size as g=.62, while the Discussion states it was −.87 at three months. The same outcome and time point cannot have both values.

  • Limitations overlook a significant demographic difference

    Minor

    The limitations state that there were no significant demographic differences, but the results report a significant between-group difference in marital status (p = 0.04).

  • Abstract effect-size range excludes a reported post-intervention result

    Minor

    The abstract's stated effect-size range starts at −.46, but the results report a post-intervention visceral-sensitivity effect size of −.84 for one of the outcomes summarized there.

  • Discussion reports different quality-of-life effect sizes

    Minor

    The discussion gives negative IBS-QoL effect sizes of −.78 and −.87, while the results report positive values of .77 and .62 at the same two assessments. The discrepancy changes both the direction and the reported magnitude of a conclusion-bearing result.

4 of 4

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Lackner JM, 2009, Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment of Functional Pain Disorders. Functional Pain Syndromes: Presentation and Pathophysiology, 491
  2. Salt WB, 1997, IBS and the Mind‐Body Brain‐Gut Connection

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Labus, J., Gupta, A., Gill, H. K., Posserud, I., Mayer, M., Raeen, H., Bolus, R., Simren, M., Naliboff, B. D., & Mayer, E. A.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
  • Department of Internal Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Göteborg Sweden
Corresponding author
Mayer, E. A.
ORCID
Venue
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-12-03
Volume
37
Issue
3
Pages
304-315
ISSN
  • 0269-2813 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2036
DOI
10.1111/apt.12171
PMC
PMC3829380
OpenAlex
W2066705619
Semantic Scholar
48c64076138358a588a61e44dcf9f40a4873758f
Cited by
64
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
FWCI
4.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • GlaxoSmithKline
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P50DK064539)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R24AT002681)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
irritable bowel syndrome, psychoeducational intervention, group intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, visceral sensitivity, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, depression, anxiety, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, relaxation techniques, mediation analysis
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Psychotherapy, Group, Quality of Life, Severity of Illness Index, Waiting Lists, Treatment Outcome, Meditation, Irritable Bowel Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review