A systematic review of the evidence on the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Open accessAbstract
Fountoulakis KN, Kontis D, Gonda X, Yatham LN. A systematic review of the evidence on the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2013: 15: 115–137. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Objective: Rapid cycling is associated with longer illness duration and greater illness severity in bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study was to review the existing published randomized trials investigating the effect of treatment on patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Methods: A MEDLINE search was conducted using combinations of the following key words: bipolar and rapid or rapid‐cycling or rapid cycling and randomized. The search was conducted through July 16, 2011, and no conference proceedings were included. Results: The search returned 206 papers and ultimately 25 papers were selected for review. Only six randomized, controlled trials specifically designed to study a rapid cycling population were found. Most data were derived from post hoc analyses of trials that had included rapid cyclers. The literature suggested that: (i) rapid cycling patients perform worse in the follow‐up period; (ii) lithium and anticonvulsants have comparable efficacies; (iii) there is inconclusive evidence on the comparative acute or prophylactic efficacy of the combination of anticonvulsants versus anticonvulsant monotherapy; (iv) aripiprazole, olanzapine, and quetiapine are effective against acute bipolar episodes; (v) olanzapine and quetiapine appear to be equally effective to anticonvulsants during acute treatment; (vi) aripiprazole and olanzapine appear promising for the maintenance of response of rapid cyclers; and (vii) there might be an association between antidepressant use and the presence of rapid cycling. Conclusion: The literature examining the pharmacological treatment of rapid cycling is still sparse and therefore there is no clear consensus with respect to its optimal pharmacological management. Clinical trials specifically studying rapid cycling are needed in order to unravel the appropriate management of rapid cycling bipolar disorder.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lithium, divalproex, olanzapine, and quetiapine all appear to have comparable maintenance efficacies in patients with rapid cycling BDI.
“Lithium, divalproex, olanzapine, and quetiapine all appear to have comparable maintenance efficacies in these patients.219”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments ( <scp>CANMAT</scp> ) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders ( <scp>ISBD</scp> ) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder (2018) · cites this paper as [219]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says lithium prophylaxis was at least as effective as divalproex and that olanzapine and quetiapine have evidence of maintenance efficacy in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. It also says the comparative prophylactic efficacy of antipsychotics remains to be investigated; it does not establish that all four drugs have comparable maintenance efficacy, specifically in rapid-cycling bipolar I disorder. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere is no evidence for the superiority of any first-line treatment in addressing acute manic symptoms in patients with a rapid cycling course.
“As there is no evidence for the superiority of any first‐line treatment in addressing acute manic symptoms in patients with a rapid cycling course,219 appropriate pharmacotherapy should be selected primarily based on effectiveness in the maintenance phase, if known (see Section 5).”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Antidepressant-induced mania and cycle acceleration: a controversy revisited
Altshuler, L. L., Post, R. M., Leverich, G. S., Mikalauskas, K., ROSOFF, A. S., & Ackerman, L. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.8.1130 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of acute mania
Tohen, M., Sanger, T. M., McElroy, S. L., Tollefson, G. D., Chengappa, K. N. R., Daniel, D. G., Petty, F., Centorrino, F., Wang, R., Grundy, S. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.702 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Efficacy of Olanzapine in Acute Bipolar Mania A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Tohen, M. F. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.9.841 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Clinical Factors in Lithium Carbonate Prophylaxis Failure
Dunner, D. L. (1974) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760080077013 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder and the Effect of Antidepressants: A Naturalistic Study
Ghaemi, S. N., Boiman, E. E., & Goodwin, F. K. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v61n1013 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Calabrese, J. R., Suppes, T., Bowden, C. L., Sachs, G. S., Swann, A. C., McElroy, S. L., Kusumakar, V., Ascher, J. A., Earl, N. L., Greene, P. L., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v61n1106 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Course of the Manic-Depressive Cycle and Changes Caused by Treatments
Kukopulos, A., Reginaldi, D., Laddomada, P., Floris, G., Serra, G., & Tondo, L. (2008) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1019628 · Cited by 436 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The role of antidepressants in the development of rapid cycling still remains an issue of debate, with some studies associating them with the onset or worsening of rapid cycling (10, 11), while others fail to replicate this association after controlling for major depression (6, 12).”
BackgroundRapid cycling affective disorder: contributing factors and treatment responses in 51 patients
Wehr, T. A., Sack, D. A., Rosenthal, N. E., & Cowdry, R. W. (1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.2.179 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Mood switch in bipolar depression: comparison of adjunctive venlafaxine, bupropion and sertraline
Post, R. M., Altshuler, L. L., Leverich, G. S., Frye, M. A., Nolen, W. A., Kupka, R. W., Suppes, T., McElroy, S., Keck, P. E., Denicoff, K. D., et al. (2006) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.013045 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Comparative Prophylactic Efficacy of Lithium, Carbamazepine, and the Combination in Bipolar Disorder
Denicoff, K. D., Smith‐Jackson, E. E., Disney, E. R., Ali, O., Leverich, G. S., & Post, R. M. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v58n1102 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Rapid Cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder
Bauer, M. S. (1990) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810170035006 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Calabrese, J. R., Shelton, M. D., Rapport, D. J., Youngstrom, E. A., Jackson, K., Bilali, S., Ganocy, S. J., & Findling, R. L. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2152 · Cited by 252 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Study design Efficacy Funding from the pharmaceutical industry Conclusionsa Affective switching rates Calabrese et al. 2005 (43) LITH versus DIVAL 20-month, doubleblind, randomized, parallel-group comparison in rapid cycling (previous year) patients with recently stabilized disorder following combination treatment wit…”
BackgroundThe Long-term Course of Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Coryell, W. H., Solomon, D., Turvey, C., Keller, M. B., Leon, A. C., Endicott, J., Schettler, P. J., Judd, L. L., & Mueller, T. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.914 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Keck, P. E., Mintz, J., McElroy, S. L., Freeman, M. P., Suppes, T., Frye, M. A., Altshuler, L. L., Kupka, R., Nolen, W. A., Leverich, G. S., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.056 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Rapidly Cycling Affective Disorder
Coryell, W. H. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820020046006 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The Prospective Course of Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder: Findings From the STEP-BD
Schneck, C. D., Miklowitz, D. J., Miyahara, S., Araga, M., Wisniewski, S. R., Gyulai, L., Allen, M. H., Thase, M. E., & Sachs, G. S. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.05081484 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Kupka, R., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Post, R. M., Suppes, T. M., Altshuler, L. L., Keck, P. E., Frye, M. A., Denicoff, K. D., Grunze, H., Leverich, G. S., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1273 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Suppes, T. M., Datto, C. J., Minkwitz, M. C., Nordenhem, A., Walker, C., & Darko, D. F. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.007 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Rapid and Non-Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies
Kupka, R. W., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Post, R. M., Leverich, G. S., & Nolen, W. A. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n1213 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Rapid cyclers, temperament, and antidepressants
Kukopulos, A., Caliari, B., Tundo, A., Minnai, G. P., Floris, G., Reginaldi, D., & Tondo, L. (1983) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(83)90076-7 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Schneck, C. D., Miklowitz, D. J., Calabrese, J. R., Allen, M. H., Thomas, M. R., Wisniewski, S. R., Miyahara, S., Shelton, M. D., Ketter, T. A., Goldberg, J. F., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.161.10.1902 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Antidepressant Discontinuation in Bipolar Depression
Ghaemi, S. N., Ostacher, M. J., El‐Mallakh, R. S., Borrelli, D. J., Baldassano, C. F., Kelley, M. E., Filkowski, M. M., Hennen, J. A., Sachs, G. S., Goodwin, F. K., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04909gre · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Ballenger, J. C. (2011) · Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsy.2010.10.088 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Bipolar rapid cycling: focus on depression as its hallmark.
Calabrese, J. R., Shelton, M. D., Bowden, C. L., RAPPORT, D. J., Suppes, T. M., Shirley, E. R., Kimmel, S. E., & Caban, S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Baldessarini, R. J., Tondo, L., Floris, G., & Hennen, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00196-2 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Rapid‐cycling bipolar disorder: effects of long‐term treatments
Tondo, L., Hennen, J. A., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00126.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
SSRIs as mood stabilizers for Bipolar II Disorder? A proof of concept study
Parker, G. B., Tully, L. A., Olley, A., & Hadži-Pavlović, D. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.024 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Vieta, E., Calabrese, J., Goikolea, J., Raines, S. R., Macfadden, W., & for the BOLDER Study Group (2007) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00479.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Kemp, D. E., Gao, K., Ganocy, S. J., Elhaj, O., Bilali, S. R., Conroy, C., Findling, R. L., & Calabrese, J. R. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.07m04022 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A single blind comparison of lithium and lamotrigine for the treatment of bipolar II depression
Suppes, T. M., Marangell, L. B., Bernstein, I. H., Kelly, D. I., Fischer, E. G., Zboyan, H. A., Snow, D. E., Martínez, M., Jurdi, R. A., Shivakumar, G., et al. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.004 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Duration and stability of the rapid-cycling course: a long-term personal follow-up of 109 patients
Koukopoulos, A. E., Sani, G., Koukopoulos, A. E., Minnai, G. P., Girardi, P., Pani, L., Albert, M. J., & Reginaldi, D. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00321-x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Leibenluft, E., Feldman‐Naim, S., Turner, E. H., Wehr, T. A., & Rosenthal, N. E. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v58n0902 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Suppes, T. M., Eudicone, J. M., McQuade, R. D., Pikalov, A., & Carlson, B. X. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.08.015 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Vieta, E., Calabrese, J. R., Hennen, J. A., Colom, F., Martínez‐Arán, A., Sánchez‐Moreno, J., Yatham, L. N., Tohen, M. F., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n1019 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationOlanzapine in the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder with a history of rapid cycling
Sanger, T. M., Tohen, M. F., Vieta, E., Dünner, D. L., Bowden, C. L., Calabrese, J. R., Feldman, P. D., Jacobs, T. G., & Breier, A. F. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00334-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Muzina, D. J., Gao, K., Kemp, D. E., Khalife, S., Ganocy, S. J., Chan, P. K., Serrano, M. B., Conroy, C. M., & Calabrese, J. R. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09m05570gre · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Olanzapine Versus Placebo in Acute Mania
Baldessarini, R. J., Hennen, J. A., Wilson, M., Calabrese, J. R., Chengappa, R., Keck, P. E., McElroy, S. L., Sachs, G. S., Vieta, E., Welge, J. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000085410.08426.9a · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationAmsterdam, J. D., Wang, C.-H., Shwarz, M., & Justine Shults, A. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.029 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The role of atypical antipsychotics in bipolar depression and anxiety disorders
McIntyre, R. S., & Katzman, M. A. (2003) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-2406.2003.00061.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Muzina, D. J., Momah, C., Eudicone, J. M., Pikalov, A., McQuade, R. D., Marcus, R. N., Sanchez, R., & Carlson, B. X. (2008) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01735.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
New data on the use of lithium, divalproate, and lamotrigine in rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Calabrese, Jr., Rapport, D., Youngstrom, E., Jackson, K., Bilali, S., & Findling, R. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.12.003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Suppes, T. M., Brown, E., Schuh, L. M., Baker, R. W., & Tohen, M. F. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.07.011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Goldberg, J. F., Bowden, C. L., Calabrese, J. R., Ketter, T. A., Dann, R. S., Frye, M. A., Suppes, T. M., & Post, R. M. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.031 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Walden, J., Schaerer, L., Schlösser, S., & Grunze, H. (2000) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1034/j.1399-5618.2000.020408.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Langosch, J. M., Drieling, T., Biedermann, N. C., Born, C., Sasse, J., Bauer, H., Walden, J., Bauer, M., & Grunze, H. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318185e75f · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Gao, K., Kemp, D. E., Chan, P. K., Serrano, M. B., Conroy, C. M., Fang, Y., Ganocy, S. J., Findling, R. L., & Calabrese, J. R. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder.
Schneck, C. D. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in bipolar disorders.
Hirschfeld, R. M. A. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Shi, L., Schuh, L. M., Trzepacz, P. T., Huang, L. X., Namjoshi, M. A., & Tohen, M. F. (2004) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079904125004493 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Afflelou, S., Auriacombe, M., Cazenave, M., Chartres, J. P., & Tignol, J.-P. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kendall, T., Glover, N., Taylor, C. J., & Pilling, S. (2011) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2011.607432 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
High Doses of Levothyroxine for Refractory Rapid Cycling
Extein, I. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1704-a · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Bond, D. J., Frey, B. N., Sharma, V., Goldstein, B. I., Rej, S., Beaulieu, S., et al. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12609 · Cited by 1,852 · see citing works
Self-citationMalhi, G. S., Bassett, D., Boyce, P., Bryant, R., Fitzgerald, P. B., Fritz, K., Hopwood, M., Lyndon, B., Mulder, R., Murray, G., et al. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415617657 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
“In a proportion of these patients rapid cycling is associated with female gender, hypothyroidism, depression, greater illness severity and longer illness duration (Carvalho A et al., 2014; Fountoulakis et al., 2013).”
BackgroundClinical practice guidelines for management of bipolar disorder
Shah, N., Grover, S., & Rao, G. (2017) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.196974 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Yatham, L. N., Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Young, A. H., Blier, P., Kasper, S. F., & Moeller, H. J. (2016) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw100 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationAas, M., Henry, C., Bellivier, F., Lajnef, M., Gard, S., Kahn, J. P., Lagerberg, T. V., Aminoff, S. R., Bjella, T. D., Leboyer, M., et al. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716003081 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Starting lithium prophylaxis earlyv.late in bipolar disorder
Kessing, L. V., Vradi, E., & Andersen, P. K. (2014) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.142802 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar I and II Disorders: Clinical Practice Update
Bobo, W. V. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.06.022 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Walshaw, P. D., Gyulai, L., Bauer, M., Bauer, M. S., Calimlim, B., Sugar, C. A., & Whybrow, P. C. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12657 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Saunders, E. F. H., Nazir, R., Kamali, M., Ryan, K. A., Evans, S. J., Langenecker, S. A., Gelenberg, A. J., & McInnis, M. G. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13m08623 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Investigating the mechanism(s) underlying switching between states in bipolar disorder
Young, J. W., & Dulcis, D. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.019 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Morbidity in depressive disorders
Baldessarini, R. J., Forte, A., Selle, V., Sim, K., Tondo, L., Undurraga, J., & Vázquez, G. H. (2017) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000448661 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Saunders, E. F. H., Novick, D. M., Fernández‐Mendoza, J., Kamali, M., Ryan, K. A., Langenecker, S. A., Gelenberg, A. J., & McInnis, M. G. (2013) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/2194-7511-1-16 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Risk factors for rapid cycling in bipolar disorder
Valentí, M., Pacchiarotti, I., Undurraga, J., Bonnín, C. M., Popovic, D., Goikolea, J. M., Torrent, C., Hidalgo‐Mazzei, D., Colom, F., & Vieta, E. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12288 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pacchiarotti, I., Anmella, G., Colomer, L., & Vieta, E. (2020) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13209 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Young, A. H., Yatham, L. N., Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Blier, P., Moeller, H. J., & Kasper, S. F. (2016) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw091 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and outcomes of rapid cycling bipolar disorder: Mixed method systematic meta-review
Miola, A., Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Baldessarini, R. J., Veldić, M., Solmi, M., Rasgon, N., Özerdem, A., Perugi, G., Frye, M. A., & Preti, A. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.021 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic review and meta‐analysis of treatments for rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Strawbridge, R., Kurana, S., Kerr‐Gaffney, J., Jauhar, S., Kaufman, K. R., Yalın, N., & Young, A. H. (2022) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13471 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Buoli, M., Serati, M., & Altamura, A. C. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.059 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The Link between Refractoriness and Neuroprogression in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder
Bauer, I. E., Soares, J. C., Selek, S., & Meyer, T. D. (2017) · Modern trends in psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000470803 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Korean Medication Algorithm for Bipolar Disorder 2018: Comparisons with Other Treatment Guidelines
Jeong, J., Bahk, W., Woo, Y. S., Lee, J. G., Kim, M.-D., Sohn, I., Shim, S.-H., Jon, D., Seo, J. S., Kim, W. K., et al. (2019) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.155 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hsieh, M. H., Chuang, P.-Y., Wu, C., Chang, C.-J., Chung, P.-F., & Tang, C. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.074 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Characteristics of rapid cycling in 1261 bipolar disorder patients
Miola, A., Tondo, L., Pinna, M., Contu, M., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2023) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-023-00300-z · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Prevalence and treatment of panic disorder in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Preti, A., Vrubļevska, J., Veroniki, A. A., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Kyriazis, O., & Fountoulakis, K. Ν. (2018) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2017-102858 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional lithium prescription rates and recurrence in bipolar disorder
Sköld, M., Rolstad, S., Joas, E., Kardell, M., Pålsson, E., Goodwin, G. M., & Landén, M. (2021) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-021-00223-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Risk of childhood trauma exposure and severity of bipolar disorder in Colombia
Guillen-Burgos, H. F., Moreno, S., Acevedo-Vergara, K., Pérez-Florez, M., Pachón‐García, C., & Galvez-Florez, J. F. (2023) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-023-00289-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Doses of Mood Stabilizers in Real-world Outpatients with Bipolar Disorder
Yasui‐Furukori, N., Adachi, N., Kubota, Y., Azekawa, T., Goto, E., Edagawa, K., Katsumoto, E., Hongo, S., Ueda, H., Miki, K., et al. (2020) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2020.18.4.599 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Black Book of Psychotropic Dosing and Monitoring
DeBattista, C., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2025) · Psychopharmacology Bulletin · doi:10.64719/pb.4493 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jeong, J., Bahk, W., Woo, Y. S., Yoon, B.-H., Lee, J. G., Kim, W., Sohn, I., Park, S., Shim, S.-H., Seo, J. S., et al. (2023) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2023.21.1.32 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder 2022, Fifth Revision: An Executive Summary
Woo, Y. S., Bahk, W., Jeong, J., Lee, J. G., Kim, W., Sohn, I., Park, S., Shim, S.-H., Seo, J. S., Choo, I. H., et al. (2022) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.747 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Elevated Choline-Containing Compound Levels in Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Cao, B., Stanley, J. A., Passos, I. C., Mwangi, B., Selvaraj, S., Zunta‐Soares, G. B., & Soares, J. C. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.39 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Aedo, A., Murru, A., Sanchez, R., Grande, I., Vieta, E., & Undurraga, J. P. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.051 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder: third revision
Bahk, W., Woo, Y. S., Lee, J. G., Jeong, J., Kim, M.-D., Sohn, I., Shim, S.-H., Jon, D., Seo, J. S., Min, K. J., et al. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s77838 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wright, K., Palmer, G., Javaid, M., Mostazir, M., & Lynch, T. (2020) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-020-00586-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The management of bipolar disorder
Saunders, K., & Geddes, J. R. (2016) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2016.77.3.175 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Furio, M. A., Popović, D., Vieta, E., Stukalin, Y., Hagin, M., Torrent, C., Azorin, J., Angst, J., Bowden, C. L., Mosolov, S. N., et al. (2020) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12994 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gao, Z., Sun, F., Lv, W., Dong, S., & Weidong, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.913051 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Buoli, M., Cesana, B. M., Maina, G., Conca, A., Fagiolini, A. M., Steardo, L., Altamura, A. C., Dell’Osso, B. M., & on behalf of the ISBD Italian Chapter Epidemiologic Group (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.09.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Korean Medication Algorithm for Bipolar Disorder 2014: comparisons with other treatment guidelines
Jeong, J., Lee, J. G., Kim, M.-D., Sohn, I., Shim, S.-H., Wang, H. R., Woo, Y. S., Jon, D., Seo, J. S., Shin, Y.-C., et al. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s86552 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wright, K. A., Dodd, A., Warren, F. C., Medina‐Lara, A., Taylor, R. S., Jones, S. H., Owens, C. V., Javaid, M., Dunn, B., Harvey, J., et al. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2926-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pan, P.-Y., Lee, M.-S., Lo, M.-C., Yang, E.-L., & Yeh, C.-B. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-145 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kato, M., Masuda, T., Sano, F., & Kato, T. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.065 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jon, D., Woo, Y. S., Seo, J. S., Lee, J. G., Jeong, J., Kim, W. K., Shin, Y. C., Min, K. J., Yoon, B.-H., & Bahk, W. (2020) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12902 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Żełabowski, K., Wojtysiak, K., Ratka, Z., Biedka, K., & Chłopaś‐Konowałek, A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14124103 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lurasidone in Therapy of Treatment-resistant Ultra-rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder: Case Report
Siwek, M., & Gorostowicz, A. (2021) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2021.19.3.568 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Plasma Cell-Free DNA Methylomics of Bipolar Disorder With and Without Rapid Cycling
Ho, A. M., Winham, S. J., McCauley, B. M., Kundaković, M., Robertson, K. D., Sun, Z., Ördög, T., Webb, L. M., Frye, M. A., & Veldić, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.774037 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cariprazine in Three Special Different Areas: A Real-World Experience
Gesi, C., Paletta, S., Palazzo, M. C., Dell’Osso, B. M., Mencacci, C., & Cerveri, G. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s335332 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zamar, A., Robin, R., Alexander, B.-A., Lulsegged, A., & Kouimtsidis, C. (2021) · International Journal of Psychiatry Research · doi:10.33425/2641-4317.1091 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Role of adjunctive nonpharmacological strategies for treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder
Chakrabarti, S., Jolly, A. J., Singh, P., & Yadhav, N. (2023) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v13.i8.495 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Challenges in the development of treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Fountoulakis, N. K., & Antoniadis, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1564004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationPharmacological Treatment of Refractory Bipolar Disorder: What Does the Evidence Say?
Fountoulakis, K. Ν. (2013) · Journal of Depression & Anxiety · doi:10.4172/2167-1044.1000127 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationFountoulakis, K. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37216-2_3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationKorean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder 2022: Rapid Cycling
Jeong, J., Bahk, W., Woo, Y. S., Yoon, B.-H., Seo, J. S., Choo, I. H., Yang, C.-M., Kim, W., Lee, J. G., Shim, S.-H., et al. (2022) · 신경정신의학 · doi:10.4306/jknpa.2022.61.3.204 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fountoulakis, K. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37216-2_16 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationTakano, C., Kato, M., Adachi, N., Kubota, Y., Azekawa, T., Ueda, H., Edagawa, K., Katsumoto, E., Goto, E., Hongo, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1183782 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hu, Y. T., Chew, Q. H., Lin, S., Ouyang, W., Chen, C., Park, S., Jang, O., Chee, K., Ding, K. S., Chong, J., et al. (2025) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.70004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pharmakotherapie der bipolaren Störungen und der Manie
Schuepbach, D., & Seifritz, E. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000204 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Actualización en el uso y el manejo del litio en neuropsiquiatría
Corrales, A., Cetkovich, M., Abadi, A. F., Camino, S., Bonetto, G. G., Mato, A. M. L., Marengo, E., Abraham, E., Maresca, T., Bagnati, P. R. A. D. N., et al. (2024) · Vertex Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría · doi:10.53680/vertex.v34i162.504 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Treating bipolar disorder with rapid cycles: About a case
Lucchelli, J. P., Kourakou, S., & Ciraselli, N. (2021) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gao, Z., Sun, F., Lv, W., Shen, D., & Jin, W. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-786518/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Uso de antipsicóticos en manía: una revisión sistemática
González-Pinto, A. M., & Martínez‐Cengotitabengoa, M. (2015) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/s1134-5934(15)30003-8
Strategies of Using Antipsychotics in Patients with Bipolar Disorders
Jeon, H. J. (2018) · 신경정신의학 · doi:10.4306/jknpa.2018.57.4.301
Guidelines on Mood Stabilizers
Gfesser, J., & Kittel‐Schneider, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_117-1
Aliev, N. A., & Алиев, З. Н. (2021) · Psikhiatriya · doi:10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-74-79
(2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119870203.mpg002
RAPID CYCLING TYPE II BIPOLAR DISORDER
Melo, B. T., da Costa, A. M. P., Pereira, C. A., Marques, A., Teixeira, D., Costa, A. L., Brás, J. P., & Sousa, R. (2019) · doi:10.26226/morressier.5d1a036357558b317a13f8f1
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615372997.as05
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615372300.as05
Smith, S. B. (1963) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01769746
Guidelines on Mood Stabilizers
Gfesser, J., & Kittel‐Schneider, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_117
Missio, G., Santos, C. R. G. R. D., Moreira, M. A. M., Pimentel, F. C., Fernandes, F. D. S., Demétrio, F. N., Moreno, D. H., Matos, F. M., & Moreno, R. A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2484630/v1
(2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394259472.refs
Meyer, J. M., & Stahl, S. M. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009225069.004
(2024) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9798894551289.cd05
Wright, K., Palmer, G., Javaid, M., Mostazir, M., & Lynch, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12134583
Wright, K., Palmer, G., Javaid, M., Mostazir, M., & Lynch, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12134592
Wright, K., Palmer, G., Javaid, M., Mostazir, M., & Lynch, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12134601
Additional file 1 of Regional lithium prescription rates and recurrence in bipolar disorder
Sköld, M., Rolstad, S., Joas, E., Kardell, M., Pålsson, E., Goodwin, G. M., & Landén, M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14715115
Clinical and biochemical correlates of rapid cycling in bipolar disorder: A 20-year inpatient study
Pan, A., Capuzzi, E., Legnani, F., Piccirilli, L., Paolo, M. D., Ceresa, A., Esposito, C. M., Cirella, L., Surace, T., Tagliabue, I., et al. (2026) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2026.100355
Potměšil, P., Kopeček, M., & Andrashko, V. (2026) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.70155
Comparative Analysis of Bipolar Disorder Treatment Guidelines
Yang, C.-M., & Bahk, W.-M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-1323-8_14
- Authors
- Fountoulakis, K. N., Kontis, D., Gonda, X., & Yatham, L. N.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kontis, Dimitrios
- Venue
- Bipolar Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-02-25
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 115-137
- ISSN
- 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-5618
- OpenAlex
- W2124111710
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Bipolar Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Semmelweis University Repository (Semmelweis University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Servier
- Cilag
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- rapid cycling bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder treatment, lithium, antiepileptic drugs, aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, antidepressant use, prophylaxis, response maintenance, randomized controlled trials
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Antipsychotic Agents, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MEDLINE, Treatment Outcome, Secondary Prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
