Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials of Ethyl-Eicosapentanoate in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression and Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Abstract
Background The results of pilot trials suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may have efficacy in the treatment of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder.Methods We conducted a 4-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, adjunctive trial of ethyl-eicosapentanoate (EPA) 6 g/day in the treatment of bipolar depression and rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Subjects were receiving mood-stabilizing medications at therapeutic doses or plasma concentrations. The measures of efficacy were early study discontinuation, changes from baseline in depressive symptoms (Inventory for Depressive Symptomology total score) and in manic symptoms (Young Mania Rating Scale total score), and manic exacerbations ("switches"). We also measured side effects and bleeding time, a biomarker of drug action.Results Overall, there were no significant differences on any outcome measure between the EPA and placebo groups.Conclusions This study did not find overall evidence of efficacy for adjunctive treatment with EPA 6 g/day in outpatients with bipolar depression or rapid cycling bipolar disorder.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In patients with bipolar disorder, ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid (6 g/day) showed no significant differences from placebo for depressive and manic symptoms.
“No significant differences between the ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid and placebo groups have been found.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Keck et al. 2006
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
ROSENBAUM, P. R., & RUBIN, D. B. (1983) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 · Cited by 31,241 · see citing works
A Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity
Young, R. C., Biggs, J. T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.133.5.429 · Cited by 8,744 · see citing works
Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables
Tobin, J. (1958) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1907382 · Cited by 6,996 · see citing works
Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score
Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00442 · Cited by 2,525 · see citing works
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Psychometric properties
Rush, A. J., Gullion, C. M., Basco, M. R., Jarrett, R. B., & Trivedi, M. H. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035558 · Cited by 2,177 · see citing works
Spearing, M. K., Post, R. M., Leverich, G. S., Brandt, D., & Nolen, W. (1997) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(97)00123-6 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Self-citationOmega 3 Fatty Acids in Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Stoll, A. L., Severus, W. E., Freeman, M. P., Rueter, S., Zboyan, H. A., Diamond, E., Cress, K. K., & Marangell, L. B. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.407 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Self-citationStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
(2007) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412952644.n443 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Nemets, B., Stahl, Z., & Belmaker, R. H. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.477 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Peet, M., & Horrobin, D. F. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.913 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder
Su, K.-P., Huang, S.-Y., Chiu, C.-C., & Shen, W. W. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(03)00032-4 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Marangell, L. B., Martinez, J. M., Zboyan, H. A., Kertz, B. L., Kim, H. F. S., & Puryear, L. J. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.996 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Woodman, R. J., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Watts, G. F., & Beilin, L. J. (2002) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1007 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Peet, M., & Horrobin, D. F. (2002) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00048-6 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Emsley, R. A., Myburgh, C., Oosthuizen, P. P., & van Rensburg, S. J. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1596 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network
Leverich, G. S., Nolen, W. A., Rush, A. J., McElroy, S. L., Keck, P. E., Denicoff, K. D., Suppes, T. M., Altshuler, L. L., Kupka, R., Kramlinger, K. G., et al. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00430-x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationOmega-3 fatty acids and bipolar disorder: a review
Stoll, A. L., Locke, C., Marangell, L. B., & Severus, W. E. (1999) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/s0952-3278(99)80008-8 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Nordøy, A., Hatcher, L. F., Goodnight, S. H., FitzGerald, G. A., & We, C. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Omega-3 Fatty Acid for Schizophrenia
Horrobin, D. F. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.188 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fish Oils and Bipolar Disorder
Calabrese, J. R., RAPPORT, D. J., & Shelton, M. D. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.413 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
Jomova, K., Raptova, R., Alomar, S. Y., Alwasel, S. H., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., & Valko, M. (2023) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9 · Cited by 2,638 · see citing works
Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Bond, D. J., Frey, B. N., Sharma, V., Goldstein, B. I., Rej, S., Beaulieu, S., et al. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12609 · Cited by 1,852 · see citing works
Self-citationOmega-3 Fatty Acids: Evidence Basis for Treatment and Future Research in Psychiatry
Freeman, M. P., Hibbeln, J. R., Wisner, K. L., Davis, J. M., Mischoulon, D., Peet, M., Keck, P. E., Marangell, L. B., Richardson, A. J., Lake, J., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n1217 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Self-citationA Systemic Review of the Roles of n-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
Riediger, N. D., Othman, R. A., Suh, M., & Moghadasian, M. H. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.12.022 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Grosso, G., Pajak, A., Marventano, S., Castellano, S., Galvano, F., Bucolo, C., Drago, F., & Caraci, F. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096905 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Goodwin, G. M., Bowden, C. L., Licht, R. W., Möller, H., Kasper, S. F., & on behalf of the WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorders (2013) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2013.770551 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationMeta-Analysis of the Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in Clinical Trials in Depression
Sublette, M. E., Ellis, S. P., Geant, A. L., & Mann, J. J. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06634 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Goodwin, G. M., Bowden, C., Licht, R. W., Möller, H.-J., Kasper, S., & WFSBP Task Force On Treatment Guidelines For Bipolar Disorders (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622970903555881 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly-Onset Bipolar Disorder and Treatment Delay Are Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Adulthood
Post, R. M., Leverich, G. S., Kupka, R. W., Keck, P. E., McElroy, S. L., Altshuler, L. L., Frye, M. A., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Rowe, M., Grunze, H., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04994yel · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Self-citationMartins, J. G. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719785 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Appleton, K. M., Rogers, P. J., & Ness, A. R. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28313 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
Bloch, M. H., & Hannestad, J. O. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.100 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids as treatments for mental illness: which disorder and which fatty acid?
Ross, B. M., Seguin, J., & Sieswerda, L. E. (2007) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-6-21 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Rosenblat, J., & McIntyre, R. (2017) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7110144 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Antioxidants as potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders
Pandya, C. D., Howell, K. R., & Pillai, A. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.017 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Jazayeri, S., Tehrani‐Doost, M., Keshavarz, S. A., Hosseini, M., Djazayery, A., Amini, H., Jalali, M., & Peet, M. (2008) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670701827275 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Rosenblat, J. D., Kakar, R., Berk, M., Kessing, L. V., Vinberg, M., Baune, B. T., Mansur, R. B., Brietzke, E., Goldstein, B. I., & McIntyre, R. S. (2016) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12373 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of depression
Hallahan, B. P., Ryan, T. J., Hibbeln, J. R., Murray, I. T., Glynn, S., Ramsden, C. E., SanGiovanni, J. P., & Davis, J. M. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160242 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Bipolar Disorder and Inflammation
Rosenblat, J. D., & McIntyre, R. S. (2016) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.09.006 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Stangl, D., & Thuret, S. (2009) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s12263-009-0134-5 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults
Appleton, K. M., Sallis, H., Perry, R. E., Ness, A., & Churchill, R. C. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004692.pub4 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Literature Data
Bozzatello, P., Brignolo, E., Grandi, E. D., & Bellino, S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm5080067 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Scaini, G., Rezin, G. T., Carvalho, A. F., STRECK, E. L., Berk, M., & Quevedo, J. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.040 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Omega 3 fatty acids and the brain: review of studies in depression.
Sinclair, A. J., Begg, D. P., Mathai, M. L., & Weisinger, R. S. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Fond, G. B., Hamdani, N., Kapczinski, F. P., Boukouaci, W., Drancourt, N., Dargél, A., Oliveira, J., Guen, E. L., Marlinge, E., Tamouza, R., et al. (2013) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12211 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Rosenblat, J. D., Brietzke, E., Mansur, R. B., Maruschak, N. A., Lee, Y., & McIntyre, R. S. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.058 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Essential fatty acids and human brain.
Chang, C., Ke, D.-S., & Chen, J. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids and mental health
Lange, K. W. (2020) · Global Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.glohj.2020.01.004 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Su, K. (2009) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000198167 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment of Inflammation-related Depression
Adžić, M., Brkic, Z., Mitić, M., Francija, E., Jovicic, M. J., Radulović, J., & Marić, N. P. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666170828163048 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Mood disorders and complementary and alternative medicine: a literature review
Qureshi, N. A., & Al-Bedah (2013) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s43419 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Bipolar disorder and mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers
Rapoport, S. I., Basselin, M., Kim, H., & Rao, J. S. (2009) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.06.003 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Goodwin, G. M., Bowden, C., Licht, R. W., Möller, H.-J., Kasper, S., & WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorders (2011) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.9.4.500 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationMcNamara, R. K., Jandacek, R. J., Rider, T., Tso, P., Stanford, K. E., Hahn, C.-G., & Richtand, N. M. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.08.021 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment of depression
Deacon, G., Kettle, C., Hayes, D., Dennis, C., & Tucci, J. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.876959 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Bahji, A., Ermacora, D., Stephenson, C., Hawken, E. R., & Vazquez, G. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.030 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Prevention of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Su, K., Matsuoka, Y., & Pae, C. (2015) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.129 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Efficacy of pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder: a report by the WPA section on pharmacopsychiatry
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Kasper, S. F., Andreassen, O. A., Blier, P., Okasha, A., Severus, E., Versiani, M., Tandon, R., Möller, H., & Vieta, E. (2012) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-012-0323-x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
McNamara, R. K., Jandacek, R. J., Rider, T., Tso, P., Dwivedi, Y., & Pandey, G. N. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.03.015 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Mode of action of mood stabilizers: is the arachidonic acid cascade a common target?
Rao, J. S., Lee, H.-J., Рапопорт, С. И., & Bazinet, R. P. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.31 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Background Paper on Fat and Fatty Acid Requirements during Pregnancy and Lactation
Brenna, J. T., & Lapillonne, A. (2009) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000228998 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Appleton, K. M., Rogers, P. J., & Ness, A. (2008) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422408998620 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study
Berger, G. E., Wood, S. J., Wellard, R. M., Proffitt, T., McConchie, M., Amminger, G. P., Jackson, G. D., Velakoulis, D., Pantelis, C., & McGorry, P. D. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301628 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Retracted: Nutrition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mental health
Zainuddin, M. S. A., & Thuret, S. (2012) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/lds021 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
RetractedFountoulakis, K. Ν., Yatham, L. N., Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Young, A. H., Blier, P., Kasper, S. F., & Moeller, H. J. (2016) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw100 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationSinn, N., Milte, C., & Howe, P. R. C. (2010) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu2020128 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Féart, C., Peuchant, E., Letenneur, L., Samieri, C., Montagnier, D., Fourrier‐Réglat, A., & Barberger‐Gateau, P. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1156 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Buydens‐Branchey, L., Branchey, M. H., & Hibbeln, J. R. (2007) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.10.020 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of flax oil in pediatric bipolar disorder
Gracious, B., Chirieac, M., Costescu, S., Finucane, T. L., Youngstrom, E. A., & Hibbeln, J. R. (2010) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00799.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Evidence for Inflammation-Associated Depression
Liu, C. S., Adibfar, A., Herrmann, N., Gallagher, D., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2016) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_2 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Therapeutic use of omega-3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder
Balanzá‐Martínez, V., Fries, G. R., Colpo, G. D., Silveira, P. P., Portella, A. K., Tabarés‐Seisdedos, R., & Kapczinski, F. P. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.42 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Brain lipid concentrations in bipolar disorder
Igarashi, M., Ma, K., Gao, F., Kim, H., GREENSTEIN, D. K., Rapoport, S. I., & Rao, J. S. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.08.001 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder
Montgomery, P., & Richardson, A. J. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005169.pub2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids and the treatment of depression: a review of scientific evidence
Wani, A. L., Bhat, S. A., & Ara, A. (2015) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2015.07.003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Chen, C. T., Liu, Z., & Bazinet, R. P. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07116.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Overview of antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression
Vázquez, G. H., Tondo, L., Undurraga, J. P., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2013) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145713000023 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The role of fatty acids in the development and treatment of mood disorders
Owen, C., Rees, A.-M., & Parker, G. B. (2008) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3282f29841 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sarris, J. J., Kavanagh, D. J., & Byrne, G. J. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.06.003 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Treatment of bipolar depression: An update
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Grunze, H., Panagiotidis, P., & Kaprinis, G. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.016 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationImmune-based strategies for mood disorders: facts and challenges
Colpo, G. D., Leboyer, M., Dantzer, R., Trivedi, M. H., & Teixeira, A. L. (2017) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2018.1407242 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder
Mischoulon, D., Best-Popescu, C. A., Laposata, M., Merens, W., Murakami, J. L., Wu, S. L., Papakostas, G. I., Dording, C. M., Sonawalla, S. B., Nierenberg, A. A., et al. (2008) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.04.011 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A systematic review of the evidence on the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Fountoulakis, K. N., Kontis, D., Gonda, X., & Yatham, L. N. (2013) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12045 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Sarris, J. J., Mischoulon, D., & Schweitzer, I. (2011) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00945.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Yatham, L. N., Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Young, A. H., Blier, P., Tohen, M. F., Kasper, S. F., & Moeller, H. J. (2019) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyz064 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal models of bipolar disorder
Kato, T., Kubota, M., & Kasahara, T. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.03.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: What is Their Role in Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders?
Bozzatello, P., Rocca, P., Mantelli, E., & Bellino, S. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20215257 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Emerging targets for antidepressant therapies
Rakofsky, J. J., Holtzheimer, P. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2009) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.617 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Andreescu, C., Mulsant, B. H., & Emanuel, J. E. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.015 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids through the Lifespan: Implication for Psychopathology
Pusceddu, M. M., Kelly, P., Stanton, C., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2016) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw078 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
McNamara, R. K. (2009) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2009.05.017 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Targeting the immune system in the treatment of bipolar disorder
Rosenblat, J. D. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-5175-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Fat Intake and CNS Functioning: Ageing and Disease
Crawford, M. A., Bazinet, R. P., & Sinclair, A. J. (2009) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000229003 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Fatty acid composition in postmortem brains of people who completed suicide
Lalovic, A., Levy, E. H., Canetti, L., Sequeira, A., Montoudis, A., & Turecki, G. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0736 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Acute Bipolar II Depression
Swartz, H. A., & Thase, M. E. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09r05192gre · Cited by 60 · see citing works
ω-3 Fatty acids for major depressive disorder in adults: an abridged Cochrane review
Appleton, K. M., Sallis, H., Perry, R. E., Ness, A., & Churchill, R. C. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010172 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults
Appleton, K. M., Voyias, P. D., Sallis, H. M., Dawson, S., Ness, A. R., Churchill, R., & Perry, R. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004692.pub5 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Nutrition and bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Gabriel, F. C., Oliveira, M., Martella, B. D. M., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Jacka, F. N., & Lafer, B. (2023) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Medicating mood with maintenance in mind: bipolar depression pharmacotherapy
Malhi, G. S., Adams, D., & Berk, M. (2009) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00711.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Adjunct Treatments for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: What to Try When You Are Out of Ideas
Torrey, E. F., & Davis, J. M. (2011) · Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses · doi:10.3371/csrp.5.4.5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Nutrient-Based Therapies for Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Sylvia, L., Peters, A., Deckersbach, T., & Nierenberg, A. (2012) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000341309 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Bellino, S., Bozzatello, P., Rocca, G., & Bogetto, F. (2013) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881113510072 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bipolar Disorder
Saunders, E. F. H., Ramsden, C. E., Sherazy, M. S., Gelenberg, A. J., Davis, J. M., & Rapoport, S. I. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.15r09925 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ayorech, Z., Tracy, D. K., Baumeister, D., & Giaroli, G. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.015 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Song, C., & Zhao, S. X. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.16.10.1627 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy in Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Minnai, G. P., Salis, P., Oppo, R., Loche, A. P., Scano, F., & Tondo, L. (2010) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0b013e3181dbf797 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kalkman, H. O., Hersberger, M., Walitza, S., & Berger, G. E. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094393 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Knöchel, C., Voß, M., Grüter, F., Alves, G. S., Matura, S., Sepanski, B., Stäblein, M., Wenzler, S., Prvulovic, D., Carvalho, A. F., et al. (2015) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150630173047 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Murphy, B. L., Stoll, A. L., Harris, P. Q., Ravichandran, C. T., Babb, S. M., Carlezon, W. A., & Cohen, B. M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318266854c · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Hamoda, H. M., & Osser, D. N. (2008) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220802277904 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Depression: A Review of Three Studies
Osher, Y., & Belmaker, R. H. (2009) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00061.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Clayton, E. H., Hanstock, T. L., Garg, M. L., & Hazell, P. (2007) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00189.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Towards a whole-body systems [multi-organ] lipidomics in Alzheimer’s disease
Astarita, G., & Piomelli, D. (2011) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Depressive disorders: Processes leading to neurogeneration and potential novel treatments
Brown, G. M., McIntyre, R. S., Rosenblat, J. D., & Hardeland, R. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.023 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Finkelstein, J. M., Heemels, M.-T., Shadan, S., & Weiss, U. K. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/510047a · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Turnbull, T., Cullen-Drill, M., & Smaldone, A. M. (2008) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.02.011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Trim the fat: the role of omega-3 fatty acids in psychopharmacology
Nasir, M., & Bloch, M. H. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125319869791 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Novel targets for antidepressant therapies
Holtzheimer, P. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2008) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-008-0075-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Main Dimensions of Psychopathology
Bozzatello, P., Rosa, M. L. D., Rocca, P., & Bellino, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176042 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
McNamara, R. K., Sullivan, J. R., & Richtand, N. M. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.05.009 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Keck, P. E., Mintz, J., McElroy, S. L., Freeman, M. P., Suppes, T., Frye, M. A., Altshuler, L. L., Kupka, R., Nolen, W. A., Leverich, G. S., Denicoff, K. D., Grunze, H., Duan, N., & Post, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Keck, Paul E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1020-1022
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054486548
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 15.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- American Psychiatric Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- omega-3 fatty acids, bipolar depression, rapid cycling bipolar disorder, adjunctive therapy, mood stabilizers, manic symptoms, bleeding time, antidepressant efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
