Living with tinnitus and the health care journey: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Tinnitus is a very common experience, and although usually mild, in a significant proportion of people, it is intrusive, persistent, and disabling. This paper explores the lived experience of chronic disabling tinnitus, with the aim of understanding how distress and chronicity occur, and what might help to reduce this. DESIGN: Nine individuals were interviewed 6 months after completing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) as part of a randomized controlled trial. The results reported here focus on their experiences of tinnitus before receiving MBCT. METHODS: Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a clinical psychologist, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach was used. RESULTS: Two supraordinate themes emerged. 'Living with tinnitus' describes a range of significant and profound life changes that result from the condition. Tinnitus can be a life-altering condition affecting thoughts, emotions, attention, behaviour, and the social world. 'The health care journey' shows how chronic distress was intensified by unhelpful health communications and alleviated by helpful consultations. CONCLUSIONS: Tinnitus is a biopsychosocial condition, and associated distress is affected by cognitive, behavioural, attentional, and social factors. The individuals' initial reactions to tinnitus interact with the responses of others, including health care professionals. The burden of tinnitus could be reduced by developing early interventions that offer clear, helpful, and realistic information about tinnitus and appropriate treatments. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Tinnitus is the experience of an internal sound without an external sound source. It can be troubling, disabling, and chronic and usually has no clear medical cause or medical treatment, but psychological interventions are promising. Cognitive, behavioural, and attentional factors play a role in distress and therapeutic outcome. Clinical encounters are improved by aligning patient and clinician and sharing decision-making. What does this study add? It is the first in-depth study exploring how tinnitus distress and health care systems interact. It shows how a biopsychosocial approach to tinnitus may reduce tinnitus burden more effectively than a biomedical, diagnostic-focused approach. It indicates how effective early health care information could be used to reduce chronic tinnitus distress.
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There is little consensus on treatment effectiveness for chronic tinnitus.
“Despite the extensive literature, there is little consensus on treatment effectiveness for chronic tinnitus (Fuller et al., 2020; Marks et al., 2019).”
From Combining the unequal variance signal detection model with the health belief model to optimize shared decision making in tinnitus patients: part 2—patient profiling (2025) · cites this paper as Marks et al., 2019
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes a robust evidence base for cognitive behavioural therapy, and the Discussion (page unavailable) identifies CBT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as the most effective approaches. Rather than describing little consensus about effectiveness, the paper presents these treatments as effective, while distinguishing relief of tinnitus-related distress from a biomedical cure. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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ТРЕВОГА И ДЕПРЕССИЯ КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИЕ БИОПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ТИННИТУСА
Овчинников, А. Ю., Мирошниченко, Н. А., Савранская, К. В., & Рыжкова, Н. С. (2026) · Otoneurology · doi:10.46393/30335566_2026_1_39-44
- Authors
- Marks, E., Smith, P., & McKenna, L.
- Affiliations
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital (GB)
- University of Bath (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marks, Elizabeth
- Venue
- British Journal of Health Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-01-04
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 250-264
- ISSN
- 1359-107X (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8287
- OpenAlex
- W2906955016
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- British Tinnitus Association (BTA)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- tinnitus, lived experience, tinnitus distress, patient-clinician communication, shared decision-making, biopsychosocial model, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, early intervention, health information
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Tinnitus, Treatment Outcome, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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