Cited by 37Mast cells and histamineFood Allergy and Anaphylaxis ResearchDrug-Induced Adverse Reactions

Clonal mast cell disorders and hereditary α-tryptasemia as risk factors for anaphylaxis

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Kačar, Mark, Rijavec, Matija, Šelb, Julij, Korošec, Peter·2023·Clinical & Experimental Allergy

Abstract

The association between Hymenoptera venom-triggered anaphylaxis (HVA) and clonal mast cell-related disorders (cMCD) has been known for decades. However, recent breakthroughs in peripheral blood screening for KIT p.D816V missense variant have revealed the true extent of this clinical association whilst adding to our understanding of the underlying aetiology. Thus, recent large studies highlighted the presence of KIT p.D816V among 18.2% and 23% of patients with severe Hymenoptera venom-triggered anaphylaxis. A significant proportion of those patients have normal serum basal tryptase (BST) levels, with no cutaneous findings such as urticaria pigmentosa or other systemic findings such as organomegaly that would have suggested the presence of cMCD. These findings of an increased prevalence suggest that the impact of cMCD on anaphylaxis could be clinically underestimated and that the leading question for clinicians could be changed from 'how many patients with cMCD have anaphylaxis?' to 'how many patients with anaphylaxis have cMCD?'. The discovery of hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT)-a genetic trait caused by an increased copy number of the Tryptase Alpha/Beta 1 (TPSAB1) gene-, first described in 2016, is now known to underlie the majority of cases of elevated BST outside of cMCD and chronic kidney disease. HαT is the first common heritable genetic modifier of anaphylaxis described, and it is associated with increased risk for severe HVA (relative risk = 2.0), idiopathic anaphylaxis, and an increased prevalence of anaphylaxis in patients with cMCD, possibly due to the unique activity profile of α/β -tryptase heterotetramers that may potentiate immediate hypersensitivity reaction severity. Our narrative review aims to highlight recent research to have increased our understanding of cMCD and HαT, through recent lessons learned from studying their association with HVA. Additionally, we examined the studies of mast cell-related disorders in food and drug allergy in an effort to determine whether one should also consider cMCD and/or HαT in cases of severe anaphylaxis triggered by food or drugs.

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  1. Mueller UR. Clinical presentation and pathogenesis. In: Insect Sting Allergy Stuttgart Gustav Fischer (Vol. 1). Gustav Fischer Verlag; 1990.

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Authors
Kačar, M., Rijavec, M., Šelb, J., & Korošec, P.
Affiliations
University of Ljubljana (SI)
Corresponding author
Korošec, Peter
Venue
Clinical & Experimental Allergy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-01-18
Volume
53
Issue
4
Pages
392-404
ISSN
  • 0954-7894 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2222
OpenAlex
W4317481693
Cited by
37
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8
FWCI
1.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Clinical & Experimental Allergy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Mast cells and histamine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
Keywords
clonal mast cell disorders, hereditary alpha-tryptasemia, anaphylaxis, KIT D816V mutation, idiopathic anaphylaxis, food allergy, drug hypersensitivity, risk factors
MeSH terms
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, Anaphylaxis, Arthropod Venoms, Humans, Mast Cells, Mastocytosis, Risk Factors, Tryptases

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