Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Spanish patients with Alzheimer’s disease during the COVID‐19 lockdown
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The COVID-19 epidemic is affecting almost all individuals worldwide, and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are particularly at risk due to their characteristics and age. We analysed the impact of the pandemic on these patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms and their quality of life after 5 weeks of lockdown in Spain. METHODS: A total of 40 patients with a diagnosis of MCI (n = 20) or mild AD (n = 20) from the Cognitive Stimulation Program of the Cognitive Disorders Unit were evaluated. All patients had undergone a previous evaluation during the month before the lockdown, and were re-evaluated after 5 weeks of lockdown. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and EuroQol-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D) were used to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients and the quality of life in patients as well in caregivers. RESULTS: The mean (SD) total baseline NPI score was 33.75 (22.28), compared with 39.05 (27.96) after confinement (P = 0.028). The most frequently affected neuropsychiatric symptoms were apathy [4.15 (3.78) vs. 5.75 (4.02); P = 0.002] and anxiety [3.95 (3.73) vs. 5.30 (4.01); P = 0.006] in patients with MCI, and apathy [2.35 (2.70) vs. 3.75 (3.78); P = 0.036], agitation [0.45 (1.14) vs. 1.50 (2.66); P = 0.029] and aberrant motor behaviour [1.25 (2.86) vs. 2.00 (2.93); P = 0.044] in patients with AD. We did not observe differences in EQ-5D scores during the re-evaluation. The 30% of patients and 40% of caregivers reported a worsening of the patients' health status during confinement. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show the worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD and MCI during 5 weeks of lockdown, with agitation, apathy and aberrant motor activity being the most affected symptoms.
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Lara et al. observed that comparable changes, especially in apathy, occurred in both patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to AD.
“Lara et al. (26) observed that comparable changes, especially in apathy, occurred in both patients with mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to AD.”
From The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
The majority of studies on social isolation included standardised tools to assess presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, mostly the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).
“The majority of these studies included standardised tools to assess the presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, mostly the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) (23, 26, 27).”
From The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
Changes in neuropsychiatric symptom severity during social isolation were similar between patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
“although changes in symptom severity were found to be similar between patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia (26).”
From The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Lara, B., Carnes, A., Dakterzada, F., Benitez, I., & Piñol‐Ripoll, G.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Universitari de Santa Maria (ES)
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Piñol‐Ripoll, G.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06-24
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1744-1747
- ISSN
- 1351-5101 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-1331
- PMC
- PMC7283827
- OpenAlex
- W3026319603
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 21 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 30.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repositori ObertUDL (University of Lleida) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (FI_B100153, SLT008/18)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, COVID-19 lockdown, quality of life, apathy, anxiety, agitation, caregiver burden, cognitive stimulation, Spain, EuroQol-5D, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, caregiver anxiety
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Agitation, Quality of Life, Quarantine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Spain, Apathy, Pandemics
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