The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pyrogenic organic matter production from wildfires: a missing sink in the global carbon cycle
Open accessAbstract
Wildfires release substantial quantities of carbon (C) into the atmosphere but they also convert part of the burnt biomass into pyrogenic organic matter (Py OM). This is richer in C and, overall, more resistant to environmental degradation than the original biomass, and, therefore, Py OM production is an efficient mechanism for C sequestration. The magnitude of this C sink, however, remains poorly quantified, and current production estimates, which suggest that ~1‐5% of the C affected by fire is converted to Py OM, are based on incomplete inventories. Here, we quantify, for the first time, the complete range of Py OM components found in‐situ immediately after a typical boreal forest fire. We utilized an experimental high‐intensity crown fire in a jack pine forest (Pinus banksiana) and carried out a detailed pre‐ and postfire inventory and quantification of all fuel components, and the Py OM (i.e., all visually charred, blackened materials) produced in each of them. Our results show that, overall, 27.6% of the C affected by fire was retained in Py OM (4.8 ± 0.8 t C ha−1), rather than emitted to the atmosphere (12.6 ± 4.5 t C ha−1). The conversion rates varied substantially between fuel components. For down wood and bark, over half of the C affected was converted to Py OM, whereas for forest floor it was only one quarter, and less than a tenth for needles. If the overall conversion rate found here were applicable to boreal wildfire in general, it would translate into a Py OM production of ~100 Tg C yr−1 by wildfire in the global boreal regions, more than five times the amount estimated previously. Our findings suggest that Py OM production from boreal wildfires, and potentially also from other fire‐prone ecosystems, may have been underestimated and that its quantitative importance as a C sink warrants its inclusion in the global C budget estimates.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Jackknife, the Bootstrap and Other Resampling Plans
Efron, B. (1982) · Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks · doi:10.1137/1.9781611970319 · Cited by 8,120
The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment
Moss, R. H., Edmonds, J. A., Hibbard, K. A., Manning, M. R., Rose, S. K., van Vuuren, D. P., Carter, T. R., Emori, S., Kainuma, M., Kram, T., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08823 · Cited by 6,467
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property
Schmidt, M. W. I., Torn, M. S., Abiven, S., Dittmar, T., Guggenberger, G., Janssens, I. A., Kleber, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Lehmann, J., Manning, D. A. C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10386 · Cited by 6,057
Bowman, D. M. J. S., Balch, J. K., Artaxo, P., Bond, W. J., Carlson, J. M., Cochrane, M. A., D’Antonio, C. M., DeFries, R. S., Doyle, J. C., Harrison, S. P., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1163886 · Cited by 3,351
(2010) · doi:10.5194/acp-10-11707-2010 · Cited by 2,859
Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change
Woolf, D., Amonette, J. E., Street-Perrott, F. A., Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2010) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1053 · Cited by 2,680
Climate extremes and the carbon cycle
Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Ciais, P., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Seneviratne, S. I., Zscheischler, J., Beer, C., Buchmann, N., Frank, D. C., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12350 · Cited by 2,010
Soil Chemical Methods - Australasia
Rayment, G. E., & Lyons, D. J. (2010) · CSIRO Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1071/9780643101364 · Cited by 1,182
Global burned area and biomass burning emissions from small fires
Randerson, J. T., Chen, Y., van der Werf, G. R., Rogers, B. M., & Morton, D. C. (2012) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2012jg002128 · Cited by 929
Handbook for Inventorying Downed Woody Material
Brown, J. K. (2019) · Cited by 842
Global wildland fire season severity in the 21st century
Flannigan, M., Cantin, A. S., de Groot, W. J., Wotton, M., Newbery, A., & Gowman, L. M. (2013) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.022 · Cited by 822
Preston, C. M., & Schmidt, M. W. I. (2006) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-3-397-2006 · Cited by 754
Self-citationHow relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils?
Marschner, B., Brodowski, S., Dreves, A., Gleixner, G., Gude, A., Grootes, P. M., Hamer, U., Heim, A., Jandl, G., Ji, R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.200700049 · Cited by 743 · cited 1×
“…depends on both its intrinsic resistance to degradation (mainly driven by fuel properties and burning conditions, e.g., Souc emarianadin et al., 2013) and on the characteristics of the environment itself (e.g., oxygen availability, physical protection; Marschner et al., 2008; Singh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects
Bodí, M. B., Martin, D. A., Balfour, V. N., Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Pereira, P., Cerdà, A., & Mataix-Solera, J. (2014) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007 · Cited by 714
Self-citationBiomass burning and global change
Levine, J. S., Cofer, W. R., Cahoon, D. R., Winsted, E. L., & Stocks, B. J. (1992) · AIP Conference Proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.43899 · Cited by 645
Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance
Bond-Lamberty, B., Peckham, S. D., Ahl, D. E., & Gower, S. T. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06272 · Cited by 514
Forbes, M. S., Raison, R. J., & Skjemstad, J. O. (2006) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.007 · Cited by 511
Recent burning of boreal forests exceeds fire regime limits of the past 10,000 years
Kelly, R., Chipman, M. L., Higuera, P. E., Stefanova, I., Brubaker, L. B., & Hu, F. S. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1305069110 · Cited by 426
Plant traits and wood fates across the globe: rotted, burned, or consumed?
CORNWELL, W. K., CORNELISSEN, J. H. C., ALLISON, S. D., BAUHUS, J., EGGLETON, P., PRESTON, C. M., SCARFF, F., WEEDON, J. T., WIRTH, C., & ZANNE, A. E. (2009) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01916.x · Cited by 410
Self-citationAustralian climate–carbon cycle feedback reduced by soil black carbon
Lehmann, J., Skjemstad, J., Sohi, S., Carter, J., Barson, M., Falloon, P., Coleman, K., Woodbury, P., & Krull, E. (2008) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo358 · Cited by 405
Ohlson, M., & Tryterud, E. (2000) · The Holocene · doi:10.1191/095968300667442551 · Cited by 392
Kuhlbusch, T. A. J., & Crutzen, P. J. (1995) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/95gb02742 · Cited by 372
Fire in the Brazilian Amazon: 1. Biomass, nutrient pools, and losses in slashed primary forests
Kauffman, J. B., Cummings, D. L., Ward, D. E., & Babbitt, R. (1995) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00341336 · Cited by 333
Comparative analysis of black carbon in soils
Schmidt, M. W. I., Skjemstad, J. O., Czimczik, C. I., Glaser, B., Prentice, K. M., Gelinas, Y., & Kuhlbusch, T. A. J. (2001) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2000gb001284 · Cited by 325
Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Emission factors
Urbanski, S. (2014) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.045 · Cited by 324
A comparison of Canadian and Russian boreal forest fire regimes
de Groot, W. J., Cantin, A. S., Flannigan, M. D., Soja, A. J., Gowman, L. M., & Newbery, A. (2013) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.033 · Cited by 304
Relationships between charcoal particles in air and sediments in west-central Siberia
Clark, J. S., Lynch, J., Stocks, B. J., & Goldammer, J. G. (1998) · The Holocene · doi:10.1191/095968398672501165 · Cited by 295
Effects of charring on mass, organic carbon, and stable carbon isotope composition of wood
Czimczik, C. I., Preston, C. M., Schmidt, M. W. I., Werner, R. A., & Schulze, E.-D. (2002) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00137-7 · Cited by 284
Self-citationLynch, J. A., Clark, J. S., & Stocks, B. J. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x04-071 · Cited by 280
GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL FOSSIL-FUEL CO2 EMISSIONS
BODEN, T. A., MARLAND, G., & ANDRES, R. J. (2009) · Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) Datasets · doi:10.3334/cdiac/00001 · Cited by 243
Fire-derived organic carbon in soil turns over on a centennial scale
Singh, N., Abiven, S., Torn, M. S., & Schmidt, M. W. I. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-2847-2012 · Cited by 241
Isotopes in pyrogenic carbon: A review
Bird, M. I., & Ascough, P. L. (2012) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.09.005 · Cited by 213
Crown fire behaviour in a northern jack pine black spruce forest
Stocks, B. J., Alexander, M. E., Wotton, B. M., Stefner, C. N., Flannigan, M. D., Taylor, S. W., Lavoie, N., Mason, J. A., Hartley, G. R., Maffey, M. E., et al. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x04-054 · Cited by 193
Czimczik, C. I., Preston, C. M., Schmidt, M. W. I., & Schulze, E. (2003) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2002gb001956 · Cited by 187
Self-citationFearnside, P. M., Leal, N., & Fernandes, F. M. (1993) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/93jd01140 · Cited by 187
Coarse Woody Debris following Fire and Logging in Wyoming Lodgepole Pine Forests
Tinker, D. B., & Knight, D. H. (2000) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s100210000041 · Cited by 181
The charcoal carbon pool in boreal forest soils
Ohlson, M., Dahlberg, B., Økland, T., Brown, K. J., & Halvorsen, R. (2009) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo617 · Cited by 168
Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Modeling fuel consumption
Ottmar, R. D. (2014) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.010 · Cited by 163
Forest floor fuel consumption and carbon emissions in Canadian boreal forest fires
de Groot, W. J., Pritchard, J. M., & Lynham, T. J. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x08-192 · Cited by 160
Fire in the Brazilian Amazon 2. Biomass, nutrient pools and losses in cattle pastures
Boone Kauffman, J., Cummings, D. L., & Ward, D. E. (1998) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s004420050394 · Cited by 159
Rapid degradation of pyrogenic carbon
Zimmermann, M., Bird, M. I., Wurster, C. M., Saiz, G., Goodrick, I., Bárta, J., Čapek, P., Šantrůčková, H., & Smernik, R. J. (2012) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02796.x · Cited by 159
Goforth, B. R., Graham, R. C., Hubbert, K. R., Zanner, C. W., & Minnich, R. A. (2005) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf05038 · Cited by 146
Fire impact on C and N losses and charcoal production in a scrub oak ecosystem
Alexis, M., Rasse, D. P., Rumpel, C., Bardoux, G., Péchot, N., Schmalzer, P. A., Drake, B. G., & Mariotti, A. A. (2006) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-006-9063-1 · Cited by 140
Fire behavior in mature jack pine
Stocks, B. J. (1989) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x89-119 · Cited by 120
Black carbon formation by savanna fires: Measurements and implications for the global carbon cycle
Kuhlbusch, T. A. J., Andreae, M. O., Cachier, H., Goldammer, J. G., Lacaux, J., Shea, R. W., & Crutzen, P. J. (1996) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/95jd02199 · Cited by 117
Transformation and stabilization of pyrogenic organic matter in a temperate forest field experiment
Singh, N., Abiven, S., Maestrini, B., Bird, J. A., Torn, M. S., & Schmidt, M. W. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12459 · Cited by 109
Erosion budget and process selectivity of black carbon at meter scale
Rumpel, C., Ba, A. A., Darboux, F., Chaplot, V. A. M., & Planchon, O. (2009) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.006 · Cited by 99
Fearnside, P. M., Graça, P. M. L. D. A., & Rodrigues, F. J. A. (2001) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00450-3 · Cited by 95
Pitkänen, A., Lehtonen, H., & Huttunen, P. (1999) · The Holocene · doi:10.1191/095968399670319510 · Cited by 82
Fearnside, P. M., Graça, P. M. L. D. A., Filho, N. L., Rodrigues, F. J. A., & Robinson, J. M. (1999) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00016-x · Cited by 78
Kane, E. S., Hockaday, W. C., Turetsky, M. R., Masiello, C. A., Valentine, D. W., Finney, B. P., & Baldock, J. (2010) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9403-z · Cited by 70
Aponte, C., Tolhurst, K. G., & Bennett, L. T. (2014) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/13-1426.1 · Cited by 66
Graça, P. M. L. D. A., Fearnside, P. M., & Cerri, C. E. P. (1999) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00547-7 · Cited by 65
Pyrogenic carbon from tropical savanna burning: production and stable isotope composition
Saiz, G., Wynn, J. G., Wurster, C. M., Goodrick, I., Nelson, P. N., & Bird, M. I. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-1849-2015 · Cited by 61
Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Shakesby, R. A., Bryant, R., Sheridan, G. J., Lane, P. N. J., Smith, H. G., & Bell, T. L. (2012) · European Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1007/s10342-012-0595-8 · Cited by 60
Self-citationDeterminants and predictability of global wildfire emissions
Knorr, W., Lehsten, V., & Arneth, A. (2012) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-12-6845-2012 · Cited by 58
Eckmeier, E., Rösch, M., Ehrmann, O., Schmidt, M. W., Schier, W., & Gerlach, R. (2007) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/0959683607077041 · Cited by 57
Consumption of residual pyrogenic carbon by wildfire
Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Preston, C. M., & Bryant, R. (2013) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf12190 · Cited by 56
Self-citationVolkova, L., & Weston, C. J. (2013) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.019 · Cited by 50
Fuel moisture influences on fire‐altered carbon in masticated fuels: An experimental study
Brewer, N. W., Smith, A. M. S., Hatten, J. A., Higuera, P. E., Hudak, A. T., Ottmar, R. D., & Tinkham, W. T. (2012) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2012jg002079 · Cited by 44
Quantifying Char in Postfire Woody Detritus Inventories
Donato, D. C., Campbell, J. L., Fontaine, J. B., & Law, B. E. (2009) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.4996/fireecology.0502104 · Cited by 42
Long and Short-Term Effects of Fire on Soil Charcoal of a Conifer Forest in Southwest Oregon
Pingree, M. R. A., Homann, P. S., Morrissette, B. A., & Darbyshire, R. L. W. (2012) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f3020353 · Cited by 38
Righi, C. A., Graça, P. M. L. D. A., Cerri, C. C., Feigl, B. J., & Fearnside, P. M. (2009) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.010 · Cited by 38
Black and buried carbons’ impacts on soil quality and ecosystem services
Lal, R. (2008) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.01.001 · Cited by 33
Soucémarianadin, L., Quideau, S. A., MacKenzie, M. D., Bernard, G. M., & Wasylishen, R. E. (2013) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.07.005 · Cited by 30
Charcoal production in a UK moorland wildfire – How important is it?
Clay, G. D., & Worrall, F. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.006 · Cited by 28
Fearnside, P. M., Barbosa, R. I., & Graça, P. M. L. D. A. (2007) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.002 · Cited by 25
Controls upon biomass losses and char production from prescribed burning on UK moorland
Worrall, F., Clay, G. D., & May, R. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.030 · Cited by 23
Makoto, K., Kamata, N., KAMIBAYASHI, N., Koike, T., & Tani, H. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1080/02827581.2011.619566 · Cited by 14
Estimating consumption and remaining carbon in burned slash piles
Finkral, A. J., Evans, A. M., Sorensen, C., & Affleck, D. L. R. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x2012-112 · Cited by 13
Cited by
Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016
(2017) · doi:10.5194/essd-9-697-2017 · Cited by 2,493
Wildfires as an ecosystem service
Pausas, J. G., & Keeley, J. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1002/fee.2044 · Cited by 465
Li, Y., Hu, S., Chen, J., Müller, K., Li, Y., Fu, W., Lin, Z., & Wang, H. (2018) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-017-1906-y · Cited by 432
Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires
Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Kane, E. S., Masiello, C. A., Ohlson, M., de la Rosa, J. M., Preston, C. M., & Dittmar, T. (2016) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12985 · Cited by 388
Self-citationFire effects on soils: the human dimension
Santín, C., & Doerr, S. H. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0171 · Cited by 312
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Preston, C. M., & González‐Rodríguez, G.
- Venue
- Global Change Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-01-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1621-1633
- ISSN
- 1354-1013 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2486
- OpenAlex
- W2107397524
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 70
- FWCI
- 16.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
