How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils?
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Abstract Traditionally, the selective preservation of certain recalcitrant organic compounds and the formation of recalcitrant humic substances have been regarded as an important mechanism for soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization. Based on a critical overview of available methods and on results from a cooperative research program, this paper evaluates how relevant recalcitrance is for the long‐term stabilization of SOM or its fractions. Methodologically, recalcitrance is difficult to assess, since the persistence of certain SOM fractions or specific compounds may also be caused by other stabilization mechanisms, such as physical protection or chemical interactions with mineral surfaces. If only free particulate SOM obtained from density fractionation is considered, it rarely reaches ages exceeding 50 y. Older light particles have often been identified as charred plant residues or as fossil C. The degradability of the readily bioavailable dissolved or water‐extractable OM fraction is often negatively correlated with its content in aromatic compounds, which therefore has been associated with recalcitrance. But in subsoils, dissolved organic matter aromaticity and biodegradability both are very low, indicating that other factors or compounds limit its degradation. Among the investigated specific compounds, lignin, lipids, and their derivatives have mean turnover times faster or similar as that of bulk SOM. Only a small fraction of the lignin inputs seems to persist in soils and is mainly found in the fine textural size fraction (<20 µm), indicating physico‐chemical stabilization. Compound‐specific analysis of 13 C : 12 C ratios of SOM pyrolysis products in soils with C3‐C4 crop changes revealed no compounds with mean residence times of > 40–50 y, unless fossil C was present in substantial amounts, as at a site exposed to lignite inputs in the past. Here, turnover of pyrolysis products seemed to be much longer, even for those attributed to carbohydrates or proteins. Apparently, fossil C from lignite coal is also utilized by soil organisms, which is further evidenced by low 14 C concentrations in microbial phospholipid fatty acids from this site. Also, black C from charred plant materials was susceptible to microbial degradation in a short‐term (60 d) and a long‐term (2 y) incubation experiment. This degradation was enhanced, when glucose was supplied as an easily available microbial substrate. Similarly, SOM mineralization in many soils generally increased after addition of carbohydrates, amino acids, or simple organic acids, thus indicating that stability may also be caused by substrate limitations. It is concluded that the presented results do not provide much evidence that the selective preservation of recalcitrant primary biogenic compounds is a major SOM‐stabilization mechanism. Old SOM fractions with slow turnover rates were generally only found in association with soil minerals. The only not mineral‐associated SOM components that may be persistent in soils appear to be black and fossil C.
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These C sources can contain complex plant-based OM considered rather resistant to chemical and biological degradation as well as labile low-molecular-weight C such as amino acids, carbohydrates and carboxylic acids that can be easily used by microorganisms to fuel microbially mediated Fe(III) reduction leading to As release.
“These C sources can contain complex plant-based OM which is considered rather resistant to chemical and biological degradation 26,27 as well as labile low-molecular-weight C such as amino acids, carbohydrates and carboxylic acids that can be easily used by microorganisms to fuel microbially mediated Fe(III) reduction leading to As release 16,28,29 .”
From Role of in Situ Natural Organic Matter in Mobilizing As during Microbial Reduction of FeIII-Mineral-Bearing Aquifer Sediments from Hanoi (Vietnam). (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe soil residence time for recalcitrant molecules is comparable to that of molecules that are more easily degraded by the soil microbial community.
“Recently, it has been found that the soil residence time for recalcitrant molecules is comparable to that of molecules that are more easily degraded by the soil microbial community (Marschner et al., 2008).”
From Carbon sequestration potential in perennial bioenergy crops: the importance of organic matter inputs and its physical protection (2016) · cites this paper as Marschner et al., 2008
Ecosystem C storage depends on the balance between production and decomposition.
“ecosystem C storage depends on the balance between production and decomposition.166”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [166]
Little information was available on parameters affecting soil organic carbon accumulation in slowly decomposable or recalcitrant forms.
“Although some papers recorded specific fractions of SOC [11, 45, 46], little information was available on parameters affecting SOC accumulation in slowly decomposable or ‘recalcitrant’ forms [25, 35, 47].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
Residues decompose according to a decay rate k dependent on composition, soil protective characteristics, microbial biomass and environmental conditions, which determine the system- and compound-specific mean residence time.
“Residues decompose according to a decay rate (k), dependent on composition, soil protective characteristics, microbial biomass and environmental conditions (temperature, precipitation, soil texture and water availability), which determine the system and compound specific mean residence time (MRT) [34, 35].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
Carbon losses in litter bags may be solely a function of microbial respiration, and other fundamental soil processes affecting turnover such as adsorption to clay and occlusion within the soil matrix were not accounted for.
“C losses may be solely a function of microbial respiration within the litter bag [109], and other fundamental soil processes affecting turnover, such as adsorption to clay and occlusion within the soil matrix [35, 121], were not accounted for.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
Physical protection and chemical adsorption, both controlled by soil texture such as clay content and cation exchange capacity, may play an important role for long-term carbon retention.
“However, physical protection and chemical adsorption, both controlled by soil texture (e.g. clay content and cation exchange capacity), may play an important role for long-term C retention [4, 34, 35, 101].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
Recalcitrant soil organic carbon components like lignin increase with depth and clay content due to chemical binding.
“Recalcitrant SOC components, like lignin, increase with depth and clay content due to chemical binding [35, 149].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
The half-life of >25 years considered for a C pool to be inert, and similar times as a criterion for SOC sequestration, seems rather short.
“The half-life of >25 years considered for a C pool to be ‘inert’ [121], and similar times as a criterion for SOC sequestration [5, 35, 151, 158] seems rather short.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
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Self-citationAbiotic association of soil-borne monomeric phenols with humic acids
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Self-citation- Self-citation
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Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property
Schmidt, M. W. I., Torn, M. S., Abiven, S., Dittmar, T., Guggenberger, G., Janssens, I. A., Kleber, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Lehmann, J., Manning, D. A. C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10386 · Cited by 6,057 · see citing works
“1) 12,15–17 .”
BackgroundSelf-citationCotrufo, M. F., Wallenstein, M. D., Boot, C. M., Denef, K., & Paul, E. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12113 · Cited by 3,552 · see citing works
“, 2011), while recalcitrant plant components do not preferentially accumulate in SOM (Marschner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundFormation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss
Cotrufo, M. F., Soong, J. L., Horton, A. J., Campbell, E. E., Haddix, M. L., Wall, D. H., & Parton, W. J. (2015) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2520 · Cited by 1,874 · see citing works
Deep soil organic matter—a key but poorly understood component of terrestrial C cycle
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“Krull et al. (2003) highlighted chemical recalcitrance as the only mechanism by which SOC can be protected over long periods of time whereas Marschner et al. (2008) provided evidence that chemical recalcitrance may no longer be regarded as a long-term stabilisation mechanism of SOM.”
BackgroundSoil organic matter turnover is governed by accessibility not recalcitrance
Dungait, J. A. J., Hopkins, D. W., Gregory, A. S., & Whitmore, A. P. (2012) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02665.x · Cited by 1,616 · see citing works
“…notion of intrinsic molecular recalcitrance as a concept in understanding the stability of SOM (see recent reviews by Kögel Knabner et al., 2008; Marschner et al., 2008; Kleber, 2010; Schmidt et al., 2011) although this attitude is not new (Jenkinson & Rayner, 1977; Sollins et al., 1996), with…”
BackgroundInfluentialKögel‐Knabner, I., Guggenberger, G., Kleber, M., Kandeler, E., Kalbitz, K., Scheu, S., Eusterhues, K., & Leinweber, P. (2008) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.200700048 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Self-citationTechnologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality
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“However, ecosystem C storage depends on the balance between production and decomposition.(166) If the stimulation of decomposition is more than production caused by fertilization, there would ultimately be a net C loss from the ecosystem.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBiochar stability in soil: meta-analysis of decomposition and priming effects
Wang, J., Xiong, Z., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2016) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12266 · Cited by 1,316 · see citing works
“Current studies have proposed that biochar, as one of the not mineral-associated SOM components, is persistent in soils, perhaps reflecting the high aromaticity of biochar C (Marschner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPlant- or microbial-derived? A review on the molecular composition of stabilized soil organic matter
Angst, G., Mueller, K. E., Nierop, K. G. J., & Simpson, M. J. (2021) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108189 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Agroforestry as a strategy for carbon sequestration
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SOM genesis: microbial biomass as a significant source
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“…SOM stabilisation processes (von Lützow et al. 2008), recent data and conceptual models suggest that virtually all natural organic compounds are degradable and that primary recalcitrance does not play an important long-term role in C stabilisation (Grandy and Neff 2008; Marschner et al. 2008).”
BackgroundActive microorganisms in soil: Critical review of estimation criteria and approaches
Blagodatskaya, E. V., & Kuzyakov, Y. V. (2013) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.08.024 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Quantifying the degradation of organic matter in marine sediments: A review and synthesis
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“The same is true of black carbon (Middelburg et al., 1999; Marschner et al., 2008) and carbon-based nanomaterials such as C60 fullerol (Schreiner et al., 2009).”
BackgroundManaging uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change
Bradford, M. A., Wieder, W. R., Bonan, G. B., Fierer, N., Raymond, P. A., & Crowther, T. W. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3071 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Degradation of natural organic matter: A thermodynamic analysis
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Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems
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“It is now believed that biochemical recalcitrance must work in conjunction with other factors such as physical protection and organomineral stabilization to stabilize SOC (Flessa et al., 2008; Marschner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundDöetterl, S., Berhe, A. A., Nadeu, E., Wang, Z., Sommer, M., & Fiener, P. (2015) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.12.005 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Molecular-Level Interactions in Soils and Sediments: The Role of Aromatic π-Systems
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Soil organic carbon dynamics: Impact of land use changes and management practices: A review
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Increasing soil carbon storage: mechanisms, effects of agricultural practices and proxies. A review
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“Furthermore, although chemical recalcitrance has been shown to have little influence on long-term soil C stabilisation (Marschner et al. 2008; Schmidt et al. 2011; Dungait et al. 2012), it may influence the intermediate C pool (Fig.”
BackgroundCotrufo, M. F., & Lavallee, J. M. (2022) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2021.11.002 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
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Self-citationLützow, M. V., Kögel‐Knabner, I., Ludwig, B., Matzner, E., Flessa, H., Ekschmitt, K., Guggenberger, G., Marschner, B., & Kalbitz, K. (2008) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.200700047 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Self-citationThe root of the matter: Linking root traits and soil organic matter stabilization processes
Poirier, V., Roumet, C., & Munson, A. D. (2018) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.02.016 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
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“…highly aromatic humic-like organic compounds from mineral associated soil organic matter pools as observed in this study and as corroborated by an increasing number of reports (Grandy & Neff, 2008; Kögel-Knabner et al., 2008; Marschner et al., 2008) has an intriguing indirect consequence.”
BackgroundWhat is recalcitrant soil organic matter?
Kleber, M. (2010) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en10006 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Temperature Sensitivity of Black Carbon Decomposition and Oxidation
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Self-citationWhalen, E. D., Grandy, A. S., Sokol, N. W., Keiluweit, M., Ernakovich, J. G., Smith, R. G., & Frey, S. D. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16413 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
“…theory toward the “continuum model” (sensu Lehmann & Kleber, 2015), where SOM was recognized as a complex mixture of plant and microbial residues at various stages of decomposition (Kelleher & Simpson, 2006; von Lützow et al., 2006; Marschner et al., 2008; Piccolo, 2001; Sutton & Sposito, 2005).”
BackgroundEco-functionality of organic matter in soils
Hoffland, E., Kuyper, T. W., Comans, R. N. J., & Creamer, R. (2020) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04651-9 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires
Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Kane, E. S., Masiello, C. A., Ohlson, M., Arranz, J. M. D. L. R., Preston, C. M., & Dittmar, T. (2015) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12985 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
“Furthermore, PyC, together with fossil C, is the only form of non-mineral-associated organic matter that shows long-term persistence in mineral soils (Marschner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundAngst, G., Messinger, J., Greiner, M., Häusler, W., Hertel, D., Kirfel, K., Kögel‐Knabner, I., Leuschner, C., Rethemeyer, J., & Mueller, C. W. (2018) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.03.026 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
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Soil Microbiomes Under Climate Change and Implications for Carbon Cycling
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Advances in Understanding the Molecular Structure of Soil Organic Matter
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Chivenge, P. P., Vanlauwe, B., & Six, J. (2010) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
“Additionally, recent studies have shown that biochemical recalcitrance may not be as long lasting as initially thought (Gentile et al. 2008; Grandy and Neff 2008; Marschner et al. 2008) but that OR decomposition is primarily driven by OR-N content (Parton et al.”
Trends in Microbial Community Composition and Function by Soil Depth
Naylor, D., McClure, R., & Jansson, J. K. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10030540 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
“However, as degradation of subsoil complex C readily occurs upon supply of labile substrate [194], it has been argued that a compound’s inherent recalcitrance is not as limiting a factor so much as lack of labile C to prime microbial degradation thereof [195].”
BackgroundPermafrost soils and carbon cycling
Ping, C., JASTROW, J. D., Jorgenson, M. T., Michaelson, G. J., & Shur, Y. L. (2015) · SOIL · doi:10.5194/soil-1-147-2015 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Schrumpf, M., Kaiser, K., Guggenberger, G., Persson, T., Kögel-Knabner, I., & Schulze, E.-D. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-1675-2013 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
“How10 ever, because all OM in soil is potentially degradable and chemically labile organic compounds can have old (14)C ages, the concept of chemical recalcitrance has been challenged and more emphasis given to spatial separation of substrates and decomposers, stabilization of OC through association with minerals, and…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCarbon in Canada’s boreal forest — A synthesis
Kurz, W. A., Shaw, C. H., Boisvenue, C., Stinson, G., Metsaranta, J. M., Leckie, D. G., Dyk, A., Smyth, C. E., & Neilson, E. T. (2013) · Environmental Reviews · doi:10.1139/er-2013-0041 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
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Pyrogenic organic matter production from wildfires: a missing sink in the global carbon cycle
Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Preston, C. M., & González‐Rodríguez, G. (2014) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12800 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
“…depends on both its intrinsic resistance to degradation (mainly driven by fuel properties and burning conditions, e.g., Souc emarianadin et al., 2013) and on the characteristics of the environment itself (e.g., oxygen availability, physical protection; Marschner et al., 2008; Singh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundStabilization of Soil Organic Carbon as Influenced by Clay Mineralogy
Singh, M., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Churchman, G. J., Bolan, N. S., Mandal, S., Menon, M., Purakayastha, T. J., & Beerling, D. J. (2017) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2017.11.001 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Biochar application to soil for climate change mitigation by soil organic carbon sequestration
Lorenz, K. E., & Lal, R. (2014) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.201400058 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The fate of organic carbon in marine sediments - New insights from recent data and analysis
LaRowe, D. E., Arndt, S., Bradley, J. A., Estes, E. R., Hoarfrost, A., Lang, S. Q., Lloyd, K. G., Mahmoudi, N., Orsi, W. D., Walter, S. R. S., et al. (2020) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103146 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
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Crow, S. E., Lajtha, K., Filley, T. R., Swanston, C. W., Bowden, R. D., & Caldwell, B. A. (2009) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01850.x · Cited by 289 · see citing works
“Although the concept of inherent biochemical recalcitrance as a significant means of stabilizing soil OC is increasingly called into question (Marschner et al., 2008), the slower decay kinetics and physiochemical properties of some plantS O U R C E S A N D S T A B I L I T Y O F S O I L C A R B O N 2015”
BackgroundDigital mapping of soil carbon fractions with machine learning
Keskin, H., Grunwald, S., & Harris, W. G. (2018) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.037 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Yu, H. Y., Fan, P., Hou, J., Dang, Q., Cui, D., Xi, B., & Tan, W. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115544 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Córdova, S. C., Olk, D. C., Dietzel, R. N., Mueller, K. E., Archontouilis, S. V., & Castellano, M. J. (2018) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.07.010 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Biological, chemical and thermal indices of soil organic matter stability in four grassland soils
Plante, A. F., Fernández, J. M., Haddix, M. L., Steinweg, J. M., & Conant, R. T. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.024 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Kästner, M., Nowak, K. M., Miltner, A., Trapp, S., & Schäffer, A. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2013.828270 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
“However, recent findings show that lignin is less persistent than the average of bulk SOM (Marschner et al., 2008; von Luetzow et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGleixner, G. (2013) · Ecological Research · doi:10.1007/s11284-012-1022-9 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationSoil organic matter in major pedogenic soil groups
Kögel‐Knabner, I., & Amelung, W. (2020) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114785 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Soil pores and their contributions to soil carbon processes
Kravchenko, A., & Guber, A. K. (2016) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.06.027 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Litter decay rates are determined by lignin chemistry
Bhatnagar, J. M., Yelle, D. J., Nowick, J. S., & Treseder, K. K. (2011) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-011-9599-6 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“Our observation that the majority of lignin linkages are degraded during plant litter decomposition (Table 3) supports the new paradigm of soil development, in which lignin chemical recalcitrance is primarily important during the early-to-mid stages of pedogenesis while other C stabilization mechanisms like aggregatio…”
BackgroundFire-derived organic carbon in soil turns over on a centennial scale
Singh, N., Abiven, S., Torn, M. S., & Schmidt, M. W. I. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-2847-2012 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“Some researchers suggest that PyC forms a slow-cycling C pool in the soil (Preston and Schmidt, 2006; Marschner, 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSmith, A. P., Marín-Spiotta, E., de Graaff, M., & Balser, T. C. (2014) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.030 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Impacts of organic matter amendments on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in grassland soils
Ryals, R. A., Kaiser, M., Torn, M. S., Berhe, A. A., & Silver, W. L. (2013) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.011 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“The notion of inherent recalcitrance of organic material is currently being debated (Kögel-Knabner et al., 2008; Marschner et al., 2008; Schmidt et al., 2011; Dungait et al., 2012) but functional group chemistry plays a role in solubility, organo-mineral interactions, and other processes related to…”
BackgroundBrilli, L., Bechini, L., Bindi, M., Carozzi, M., Cavalli, D., Conant, R., Dorich, C. D., Doro, L., Ehrhardt, F., Farina, R., et al. (2017) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.208 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Dynamic Stability of Soil Carbon: Reassessing the “Permanence” of Soil Carbon Sequestration
Dynarski, K. A., Bossio, D., & Scow, K. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.514701 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
“…horizons, may not lead to C sequestration when whole soil profile is considered Six et al., 2000; Angers and Eriksen-Hamel, 2008; Luo et al., 2010; Martínez et al., 2016 Biochar amendments 1–1.8 Increases size of a soil’s potential C sink by adding degradation-resistant C, may increase microbial…”
BackgroundInfluentialBlagodatskaya, E. V., Yuyukina, T., Blagodatsky, S., & Kuzyakov, Y. V. (2010) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.028 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“…and microbial C/CO2eC found in several studies (Santruckova et al., 2000; Potthoff et al., 2003; Pelz et al., 2005; Murage and Voroney, 2007; McGoldrick et al., 2008; Coyle et al., 2009; Werth and Kuzyakov, 2010; current study) can be explained by two factors: the interactive effects of the…”
BackgroundGrandy, A. S., Strickland, M. S., Lauber, C. L., Bradford, M. A., & Fierer, N. (2009) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.02.007 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“These interactions confer greater stability than chemical recalcitrance (von Lutzow et al., 2006; Marschner et al., 2008 ); as a result, lignin will be, as we observed, present in lower proportions in fine-textured soils.”
BackgroundSoil carbon storage and stabilisation in andic soils: A review
Matus, F. J., Rumpel, C., Neculmán, R., Panichini, M., & Mora, M. D. L. L. (2014) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2014.04.008 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Angst, G., Mueller, K. E., Kögel‐Knabner, I., Freeman, K. H., & Mueller, C. W. (2017) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-017-0304-2 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
“…interactions like selective stabilization by organomineral association and occlusion of OM inside aggregates (Schmidt et al. 2011), and (ii) inherent recalcitrance of certain organic biomolecules is not important for the long-term stabilization of SOM (Marschner et al. 2008; Kleber 2010).”
BackgroundGrassland Management Affects Delivery of Regulating and Supporting Ecosystem Services
Sollenberger, L. E., Kohmann, M. M., Dubeux, J. C. B., & Silveira, M. L. (2019) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.09.0594 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Benbi, D. K., Boparai, A. K., & Brar, K. (2014) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.032 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Glomalin – Truths, myths, and the future of this elusive soil glycoprotein
Holátko, J., Brtnický, M., Kučerík, J., Kotianová, M., Elbl, J., Kintl, A., Kynický, J., Benada, O., Datta, R., & Jansa, J. (2020) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108116 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Malghani, S., Gleixner, G., & Trumbore, S. E. (2013) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.013 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationCentennial black carbon turnover observed in a Russian steppe soil
Hammes, K., Torn, M. S., Lapenas, A., & Schmidt, M. W. I. (2008) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-5-1339-2008 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationBarré, P., Fernández‐Ugalde, O., Virto, I., Velde, B., & Chenu, C. (2014) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.029 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Weijers, J. W. H., Wiesenberg, G. L. B., Bol, R. A., Hopmans, E. C., & Pancost, R. D. (2010) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-7-2959-2010 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationSoil carbon management and climate change
Lal, R. (2013) · Carbon Management · doi:10.4155/cmt.13.31 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Chivenge, P. P., Vanlauwe, B., Gentile, R. M., & Six, J. (2010) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.12.002 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Quantifying the allocation of soil organic carbon to biologically significant fractions
Baldock, J., Sanderman, J., Macdonald, L. M., Puccini, A., Hawke, B., Szarvas, S., & McGowan, J. A. (2013) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr12374 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Soil organic carbon stability in forests: Distinct effects of tree species identity and traits
Angst, G., Mueller, K. E., Eissenstat, D. M., Trumbore, S. E., Freeman, K. H., Hobbie, S. E., Chorover, J., Oleksyn, J., Reich, P. B., & Mueller, C. W. (2018) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14548 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
“…2008), they provide limited information on the “stability” of these pools, particularly in the mineral soil, where C can persist for centuries through association of soil organic matter (SOM) with minerals or occlusion of SOM within aggregates (von Lützow et al., 2006; Marschner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundOrganic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: Implications for policy and management
Bingham, A. H., & Cotrufo, M. F. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.020 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Unifying soil organic matter formation and persistence frameworks: the MEMS model
Robertson, A. D., Paustian, K. H., Ogle, S. M., Wallenstein, M. D., Lugato, E., & Cotrufo, M. F. (2019) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-16-1225-2019 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Nayak, A. K., Rahman, M. M., Naidu, R., Dhal, B., Swain, C. K., Nayak, A., Tripathi, R., Shahid, M., Islam, M. R., & Pathak, H. K. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.125 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Microorganisms and nutrient stoichiometry as mediators of soil organic matter dynamics
Coonan, E. C., Kirkby, C. A., Kirkegaard, J. A., Amidy, M. R., Strong, C., & Richardson, A. E. (2020) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10705-020-10076-8 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Lignin: Characterization of a Multifaceted Crop Component
Frei, M. (2013) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2013/436517 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
“In contrast, an increasing number of studies found that lignin derived compounds did not selectively accumulate in the refractory C pool of deeper soil horizons [280–283], suggesting that the role of lignin in long-termC sequestration remains to be fully elucidated.”
BackgroundResultStabilisation of soil organic matter: interactions between clay and microbes
Islam, M. R., Singh, B., & Dijkstra, F. A. (2022) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-022-00956-2 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
García-Franco, N., Albaladejo, J., Almagro, M., & Martínez‐Mena, M. (2015) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Warming accelerates decomposition of decades-old carbon in forest soils
Hopkins, F. M., Torn, M. S., & Trumbore, S. E. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1120603109 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“However, the radiocarbon age of soil C is not necessarily indicative of biochemical stability (48), and we do not know the extent to which biochemical stability or activation energy of compounds per se controls C decomposability in mineral soils (50).”
Soil texture affects the coupling of litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation
Angst, G., Pokorný, J., Mueller, C. W., Prater, I., Preußer, S., Kandeler, E., Meador, T. B., Straková, P., Hájek, T., van Buiten, G., et al. (2021) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108302 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Bolan, N. S., Kunhikrishnan, A., Choppala, G. K., Thangarajan, R., & Chung, J. W. (2012) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.061 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Soil indicators to assess the effectiveness of restoration strategies in dryland ecosystems
Costantini, E. A. C., Branquinho, C., Nunes, A., Schwilch, G., Stavi, I., Valdecantos, A., & Zucca, C. (2016) · Solid Earth · doi:10.5194/se-7-397-2016 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“SOM has a complex nature, and the different forms which result from the humification and decomposition processes have varying residence time in soil (Marschner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundTamura, M., & Tharayil, N. (2014) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12795 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The detrital input and removal treatment (DIRT) network: Insights into soil carbon stabilization
Lajtha, K., Bowden, R. D., Crow, S. E., Fekete, I., Kotroczó, Z., Plante, A. F., Simpson, M. J., & Nadelhoffer, K. J. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.388 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Cates, A. M., Ruark, M. D., Hedtcke, J. L., & Posner, J. L. (2015) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2015.09.008 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Combined role of no-tillage and cropping systems in soil carbon stocks and stabilization
Conceição, P. C., Dieckow, J., & Bayer, C. (2013) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2013.01.006 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Kögel‐Knabner, I., Ekschmitt, K., Flessa, H., Guggenberger, G., Matzner, E., Marschner, B., & Lützow, M. V. (2008) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.200700215 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationCarbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out?
Agostini, F., Gregory, A. S., & Richter, G. M. (2015) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-014-9571-0 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Klink, S., Keller, A. B., Wild, A. J., Baumert, V. L., Gube, M., Lehndorff, E., Meyer, N., Mueller, C. W., Phillips, R. P., & Pausch, J. (2022) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108634 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Mambelli, S., Bird, J. A., Gleixner, G., Dawson, T. E., & Torn, M. S. (2011) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.06.008 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“…of plant compounds is minor in most aerobic soils and that intrinsic recalcitrance to decomposition of litter input to the soil might not be a major factor controlling C sequestration and SOM stability (Gleixner et al., 2002; v. Lützow et al., 2006; Marschner et al., 2008; Kleber et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCarbon Storage in Soil Size Fractions Under Two Cacao Agroforestry Systems in Bahia, Brazil
Gama-Rodrigues, E. F., Nair, P. K. R., Nair, V. D., Gama-Rodrigues, A. C., Baligar, V. C., & Machado, R. (2010) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-009-9420-7 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Lawrence, C. R., Harden, J. W., Xu, X., Schulz, M. S., & Trumbore, S. E. (2015) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.02.005 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“, 2006) and there is little evidence that such intrinsic properties are important controls on SOC over timescales of decades to millennia (Marschner et al., 2008; Schmidt et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe Chemical Ecology of Soil Organic Matter Molecular Constituents
Simpson, M. J., & Simpson, A. J. (2012) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10886-012-0122-x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
- Authors
- Marschner, B., Brodowski, S., Dreves, A., Gleixner, G., Gude, A., Grootes, P. M., Hamer, U., Heim, A., Jandl, G., Ji, R., Kaiser, K., Kalbitz, K., Kramer, C., Leinweber, P., Rethemeyer, J., Schäffer, A., Schmidt, M. W. I., Schwark, L., & Wiesenberg, G. L. B.
- Affiliations
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (DE)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Rostock (DE)
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse (CN)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- University of Bayreuth (DE)
- Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing (DE)
- University of Bremen (DE)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Marschner, Bernd
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-01-31
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-110
- ISSN
- 1436-8730 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2624
- OpenAlex
- W2095567930
- Cited by
- 743
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 59.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- recalcitrance, humic substances, organic matter turnover, dissolved organic matter, aromatic compounds, lignin, lipids, fossil carbon, black carbon, lignite, 13C/12C ratio, substrate limitation, microbial degradation, soil mineralization, subsoil
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