Behavioral Approaches for Primary Headaches: Recent Advances
Abstract
Background: Behavioral treatments in the management of primary headache disorders in adults and children are increasingly being recognized as effective; however, the level and durability of their effectiveness is still a matter of debate. This review aims to provide more updated information on the effects of behavioral therapies in adults and adolescents with primary headache disorders, with a special focus on new and emerging behavioral treatments. Methods: We searched SCOPUS for peer‐reviewed papers that reported randomized controlled trial or observational studies addressing behavioral treatment for headache disorders published in the period January 2010 to October 2017. Results: A total of 22 publications, in which 2110 participants were recruited, were included in the review. Most of the studies referred to cognitive behavioral therapies, and a reduction of headache frequency higher than 35% was generally reported irrespective of the approach. In addition, valuable impact disability and quality of life was observed, as well as improvements in depression, anxiety, self‐efficacy, and intake of medications. Conclusions: Behavioral approaches are effective and less prone to produce side or harmful effects, which makes them a valid option particularly for women who are pregnant or nursing, people with other chronic conditions requiring pharmacological treatments putting them at risk for drug‐drug interactions, and children.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation, or mindfulness interventions have effectively improved the cognitive, behavioral, anxiety, and stress-related aspects associated with headaches.
“Cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation, or mindfulness interventions have effectively improved the cognitive, behavioral, anxiety, and stress-related aspects associated with headaches [30,117].”
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- Authors
- Raggi, A., Grignani, E., Leonardi, M., Andrasik, F., Sansone, E., Grazzi, L., & D'Amico, D.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
- University of Memphis (US)
- Division of Neuroalgology Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation Milan Italy
- Corresponding author
- Raggi, Alberto
- Venue
- Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-05-26
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 913-925
- ISSN
- 0017-8748 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4610
- OpenAlex
- W2803987732
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- primary headache, behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, headache frequency reduction, adolescents, adults, quality of life, disability, anxiety and depression, medication use, non-pharmacological treatment
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Headache Disorders, Primary, Observational Studies as Topic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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