Extremophile microalgae as feedstock for high‐value carotenoids: A review
Open accessAbstract
There are places in our planet where environmental conditions are beyond normal limits for growth but still harbour life. Extremophile microalgae are the candidates for large‐scale production because (i) their extreme growth conditions help to avoid unwanted contaminations, facilitating their production and (ii) in order to survive under harsh environments, these microorganisms synthesise valuable uncommon biomolecules. Extremophile microalgae include Arthrospira platensis , used as a source of phycocyanin and produced under highly alkaline conditions, and Dunaliella salina , which is industrially produced as a source of β‐carotene and can naturally resist salinity conditions exceeding 300 g L −1 . Microalgae can be produced on non‐arable lands, using seawater, and within a wide range of environmental conditions, allowing their production in almost any part of the planet. The current paper aimed at highlighting the biotechnological potential of extremophile microalgae as sources for carotenoids, valuable molecules used as pigments and health‐promoters.
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Canthaxanthin shows numerous health-promoting attributes including anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities.
“Canthaxanthin shows numerous health-promoting attributes including anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities (Rebelo et al. 2020; Lafarga et al. 2021).”
From Production of microalgae with high lipid content and their potential as sources of nutraceuticals (2023) · cites this paper as Lafarga et al. 2021
The Canthaxanthin section reports antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects after consumption in animal models. It describes anti-cancer activity as *potential*, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, so the claim states that attribute more definitively than the review does. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCanthaxanthin could be better accumulated in microalgae under a stressful environment that could include osmotic stress, thermal stress, oxidative stress, nitrate starvation, and intense solar radiation among others.
“It has been widely reported that Canthaxanthin could be better accumulated in microalgae under a stressful environment that could include osmotic stress, thermal stress, oxidative stress, nitrate starvation, and intense solar radiation among others (Lafarga et al. 2021).”
From Production of microalgae with high lipid content and their potential as sources of nutraceuticals (2023) · cites this paper as Lafarga et al. 2021
The Canthaxanthin section (page unavailable) reports canthaxanthin production under osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and nitrate starvation, and also discusses salt stress in another strain. It describes intense solar radiation and temperature variation where one strain was isolated, but does not establish thermal stress or intense solar radiation as conditions that improve canthaxanthin accumulation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Lafarga, T., Sánchez‐Zurano, A., Morillas‐España, A., & Acién‐Fernández, F. G.
- Affiliations
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Almería Almería 04120 Spain
- University of Almería (ES)
- Venue
- International Journal of Food Science & Technology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-05-16
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4934-4941
- ISSN
- 0950-5423 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2621
- OpenAlex
- W3162973370
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Food Science & Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (FPU16/05996, IJC2018‐035287‐I)
- Fundación BBVA
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Metabolism and Applications
- Keywords
- carotenoids, Spirulina platensis, Dunaliella salina, phycocyanin, beta-carotene, value-added chemicals, alkaline conditions, salt tolerance, seawater cultivation, pigments, health-promoting compounds
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