Potential interaction between timing of infant complementary feeding and breastfeeding duration in determination of early childhood gut microbiota composition and BMI
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Introducing complementary foods other than breastmilk or formula acutely changes the infant gut microbiota composition. However, it is unknown whether the timing of introduction to complementary foods (early vs. late) in infancy is associated with early childhood gut microbiota and BMI, and if these associations depend on breastfeeding duration. OBJECTIVE: Our primary objective was to investigate whether timing of infant complentary feeding with solid foods is associated with early childhood gut microbiota composition and BMI-z, and whether these associations differ by duration of breastfeeding. METHODS: We used data from a Canadian pre-birth cohort followed till age 5 years. We examined timing of introduction to solid foods with the gut microbiota, determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool collected at 5 years of age, and age-and-sex specific BMI-z. We conducted analyses before and after stratifying by breastfeeding duration, and adjusted for delivery mode, gestational age and birth weight. RESULTS: Of the 392 children in the analysis, 109 (27.8%) had early (≤4 months) solids. The association between early (vs later) solids and BMI-z at 5 years was modified by breastfeeding status at 4 months (P = .06). Among children breastfed >4 months, early (vs later) solids were associated with differential relative abundance of 6 bacterial taxa, including lower Roseburia, and 0.30 higher BMI-z (95% CI: 0.05, 0.55) at 5 years. In children breastfed <4 months, early solids were associated with differential relative abundance of 9 taxa, but not with child BMI-z. CONCLUSIONS: Early (vs. later) introduction to solid foods in infancy is associated with altered gut microbiota composition and BMI in early childhood, however these associations differ by duration of breastfeeding.
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Accelerated maturation of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a contributing pathway to the detrimental effects of early weaning on host processes.
“Due to the known profound effects of the microbiota on host development, accelerated maturation of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a contributing pathway to the detrimental effects of early weaning on host processes (275).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [275]
In human studies, early introduction of solid food was associated with a higher risk of obesity or immunological diseases.
“In human studies, early introduction of solid food was associated with a higher risk of obesity (274, 275) or immunological diseases (276).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [275]
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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health
Berding, K., Vlckova, K., Marx, W., Schellekens, H., Stanton, C., Clarke, G., Jacka, F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2021) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa181 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
- Authors
- Differding, M. K., Doyon, M., Bouchard, L., Perron, P., Guérin, R., Asselin, C., Massé, E., Hivert, M., & Mueller, N. T.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Centre de recherche du CHUS (CA)
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (CA)
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
- Corresponding author
- Mueller, Noel T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatric Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-04-29
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e12642-e12642
- ISSN
- 2047-6302 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-6310
- PMC
- PMC7923600
- OpenAlex
- W3022248945
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pediatric Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association (1‐15‐ACE‐26)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (152989, MOP69005)
- Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé
- Merck
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina (P30DK072488)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL141589)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Keywords
- complementary feeding, timing of solid food introduction, breastfeeding duration, gut microbiota, childhood BMI, early childhood obesity, Roseburia, infant nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Breast Feeding, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Male, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index
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